Перевод предложений со сказуемым, выраженным глаголом в пассивной форме.

 

1. Сочетанием глагола быть (в прошедшем или будущем времени) со страдательным причастием в краткой форме:

 

The first experiment with electric waves was made by Popov.

Первый эксперимент с радиоволнами был сделан Поповым.

 

2. Глаголом в третьем лице единственного или множественного числа с окончанием - ся, имеющим страдательное значение.

 

The experiment was made in the laboratory of the Institute.

Эксперимент делался в лаборатории института.

 

3. Неопределенно-личной формой глагола (при отсутствии подлежащего).

 

The experiment was made in the laboratory of the Institute.

Эксперимент делали в лаборатории института.

 

Если необходимо обратить внимание на то, кем или чем осуществляется действие, тогда существительное или местоимение вводится предлогом by после сказуемого в страдательном залоге, например:

 

The letter was written by my mother.

 

Если действие совершается с помощью какого-то предмета, тогда употребляется предлог with, например:

 

He was shot with a revolver.

 

This book is much spoken about. (Об этой книге много говорят.)

Pavlov’s works are referred to in many scientific books. (На работы Павлова ссылаются во многих научных трудах.)

Exercises:

I. Open the brackets. Translate the sentences into Russian.

1. At the Institute the students (to be taught) many different subjects. 2. In Athens special attention (to be paid) to reading, writing and literature. 3. Next year a new school (to be built) near our house. 4. Everyboby in our country (to be provided for) getting education. 5. At the factory the young workers (to be trained) how to use the new equipment. 6. Take the book home so that you (to be able) to read it in the evening. 7. A new hydroelectric station (to be built) when we came there to have practice. 8. I (to be told) about that great chemist who devoted his life to chemistry. 9. Many new houses (to be built) in our town. 10. This book (to be translated) into many languages.

 

II. Put the following sentences into Past and Future Indefinite tenses.

1. This machine-tool is mounted on a work bench. 2. We are provided with the necessary literature. 3. I am given the most difficult task to do. 4. Precise data are indicated in a special table. 5. Much attention is also paid to the interior of the house.

 

III. Find the predicate and define its tense form.

a). 1. The research into the properties of these metals is done at one of Moscow institutes. 2. Such crystals are grown in special laboratories. 3. In the first year we are taught many important subjects. We are also given to do laboratory work.

 

b). 1. The delegates were shown new types of machinery which are produced at the plant at present. 2. All the machines were looked at with great interest. 3. At this chemical plant the huge automatic unit was looked after by only a few men.

 

c). In the future machine-tools will be made faster, more complex, and automatic. 2. Is this true that this problem will be worked at in our laboratory? 3. His scientific paper will be spoken about at the end of the discussion.

 

d). Machine parts can be produced by today’s machine-tools with very high precision. 2. Tools that cut metals should be made of very hard steel and alloys. 3. All the data had to be analysed by the experimentor himself.

 

IV. Rewrite the sentences in the passive.

1. Her mother drives her to school every day.

2. The boys walk the dog every day.

3. Do they sell clothes in this shop?

4. Someone is cleaning the windows.

5. People spend a lot of money on food.

6. They will open the new sports centre soon.

7. They sent for the doctor.

8. They may not repair the car this week.

9. They made him confess to the robbery.

10. The jury will have reached a verdict by the morning.