The Complex Subject ( Сложное подлежащее )

 

1. Complex Subject состоит из грамматического подлежащего и инфинитива, стоящего после сказуемого, выраженного личной формой глагола. Между подлежащим и инфинитивом существует логическая связь субъекта и предиката.

Не is expected to come bach tonight. Ожидают, что он вернется сегодня вечером.

She is said to have checked out. Говорят, что она уже выехала из гостиницы.

2. Инфинитив, входящий в конструкцию Complex Subject, может употребляться в формах Continuous, Non-Continuous, Perfect и Non-Perfect Active и Passive.

He is known to be preparing for the examinations. Известно, что он готовится к экзаменам.

The delegation is known to have left for home. Сообщают, что делегация уже выехала домой.

The translation is understood to have been typed. Полагают, что перевод уже напечатан.

Не seems to have been speaking for quite a while. Кажется, он уже довольно долго говорит.

3. Конструкция Complex Subject употребляется, когда сказуемое выражено:

а) глаголами to know, to believe, to consider, to report, to say, to think, to understand, to see, to hear и др. в форме Passive Voice.

He is said to prefer swimming to boating. Говорят, что он предпочитает плавание катанию на лодке.

Everyone is believed to have filled in the customs declaration. Полагают, что все уже заполнили таможенные декларации.

б) глаголами to seem, to appear казаться, представляться, to happen, to prove оказываться, to turn out оказываться и др. в форме Active Voice.

Не appears to know geography better then the others. Кажется (по-видимому), он знает географию лучше, чем другие (студенты).

The young man turned out to be an excellent centre-forward. Молодой человек оказался отличным центральным нападающим.

Do you happen to know his sister's name? Вы случайно не знаете, как зовут его сестру?

в) глаголом to be в сочетании с прилагательными likely вероятный, unlikely маловероятный, certain определенный, bound непременный, обязательный.

Their plans are likely to change in the future. Их планы, вероятно, в будущем изменятся.

They are certain to agree with you. Они определенно согласятся с вами.

She is unlikely to lend you the textbook. Вряд ли (маловероятно, что) она даст вам учебник.

They are bound to join us. Они обязательно (непременно) присоединятся к нам.

4. Far-phrase as Subject (Инфинитивный комплекс с предлогом for в функции подлежащего)

Инфинитивный комплекс может употребляться в функции подлежащего:

а) без предваряющего it.

For him to become a good teacher will take much time. Чтобы стать хорошим преподавателем, ему потребуется много времени.

The first thing for me to do is to phone him and ask his advice. Первое, что я должен сделать, это позвонить ему и попросить у него совета.

б) с предваряющим it.

It'll be difficult for us to settle this matter. Нам будет трудно разрешить этот вопрос.

Exercise I. Read and translate these sentences. Define the functions of the infinitives. Pay attention to the use of infinitives.

a) I. To know Russian literature is to know Pushkin, Tolstoy, Chekhov and Gorky-. 2. The best way to learn about a country is to read a lot. 3. He said he would try to get on the afternoon flight. 4. I am happy to have met him. 5. I regret to say he thinks too much of himself.

b) 6. "I'd like you to join us. Will you give me your room number, Jim?" said Dr Ingram. 7. I understood you to have changed your mind. 8. "I consider your paper on mouth diseases (to be) brilliant," said Dr Ingram. 9. Everyone in the lobby heard the assistant-manager speak to Dr Nicholas. 10. He watched the curtain go up. 11. I myself saw Peter hand the papers to Mr Bailey. 12. Do you mean to say it was his father who made him go into politics?

c) 13. He is said to have established another record. 14. The company is known to have been rehearsing the new play for two months. 15. "/ happen to be one of the dentists," said Jim Nicholas. 16. Bill turned out to be a very good translator. 17. They are unlikely to get to the station in time. 18. He is certain to have kept the appointment. 19. They are bound to agree to their plan.

d) 20. It won't be too difficult for you to encourage him. 21. This is for Mr Burton to decide. 22. The most difficult thing for him to do was to agree to our proposal.

Exercise 2. Read these jokes and give summaries. Use infinitives.

1. The Shorter the Better

A famous English doctor hated to hear his patients speak about their illnesses. He always asked them to be brief and. to the point* Once a woman who had burnt ** her hand came to consult him. She did her best to be laconic. She showed the doctor her hand and said, "A burn."

* to be brief Fbri:f] and to the point говорить кратко и по существу

** burn (burnt) обжигать

 

"A compress ['kompres]," was the doctor's reply. The next day the woman came again and said, "Better." "The same," replied the doctor. A week later the woman came and asked, "Your fee?"* "None," said the doctor. "I'd like all my patients to be as sensible as you are, madam."

* Your fee? Сколько я вам должна (заплатить)?

 

2

The old gentleman seemed to feel sorry for the tramp.*

* tramp бродяга

 

"Goodness!" he cried. "And you say you're 15,000 miles from home?"

"That's right, sir," answered the tramp hopefully.

"And where's your home?"

"Australia."

"Take this, my good man. And how do you expect to get back"

The tramp looked at the penny in his hand. "Well, if I don't do better than this," he said, "I suppose, I'll have to walk."

Exercise 3. Transform these sentences according to the models and translate them.

a) I'm glad I've told you about that.

I'm glad to have told you about that.

1. I'm glad I've lent him the book. 2. He's sorry he's given up college. 3. She's glad she's checked herself. 4. He is happy he's apologized to her.

b) The text's too long. It can't be translated today.

The text's too long to be translated today.

1. The text's too difficult. It can't be translated without your help. 2. The theatre is too small. It can't seat more than 220 people. 3. The work is too difficult. It can't be completed without Pete's help. 4. The novel is too difficult. It can't be read by first-year students.

c) Is John a talented coach? (to consider)

Yes, I consider him (to be) a talented coach.

1. Is Jane a very good friend? (to consider) 2. Is he a good goalkeeper? (to find) 3. Is Mr Mitchell a kind man? (to know) 4. Is Mary a promising painter? (to believe)

d) Has John filled in the form? (to see)

Yes, I saw him fill it in.

1. Have they rehearsed the play yet? (to watch) 2. Did Peter agree to join them? (to hear) 3. Did Dr Smith examine the documents? (to see) 4. Did they congratulate Jane on her success? (to hear)

e) It is expected they will arrive; tomorrow.

They're expected to arrive tomorrow.

1. It is expected Peter will establish a record tomorrow. 2. It is known Mr Evans will deal with the matter. 3. It is said Bill prefers boating to swimming. 4. It is believed Ann's son is a promising physicist. ~~

f) The wind is getting stronger, (to seem)

The wind seems to be getting stronger.

1. Ben is doing well at college, (to appear) 2. John Burton is dealing with this matter, (to seem) 3. He met them when he was in London, (to happen) 4. They are losing the game, (to seem)

g) It is certain that their team will win the game.

Their team is certain to win the game.

1. It is certain that the new performance will be popular with the audience. 2. It is likely he will give up smoking. 3. It is unlikely that John will change his mind. 4. It is certain that she will forgive him. 5. It is likely that they will agree to his offer.

Exercise 4. Respond to these questions according to the models.

a) Will John take part in the meeting? Yes, he's certain to take part in it.

1. Will he apologize to his mother? 2. Will they confirm the reservation? 3. Will he fix the clock? 4. Will the performance be a success?

b) Do you know Mr Green?

Yes, I happen to know him.

1. Does Jim know who's won the game? 2. Did you meet the Smiths in Paris? 3. Did you see James Burton play golf? 4. Did you see the new French film?

c) Does she know Mr Brown? (to have met him before)

No, she doesn't seem to have met him before.

1. Does she know his last novel? (to have read it) 2. Have they heard the news? (to have heard it) 3. Does he know he was wrong? (to realize it) 4. Does he know geography well? (to be good at it)

Exercise 5. Translate into English.

1. Знать страну означает знать историю народа этой страны, его литературу и искусство. 2. Потребуется очень много времени, чтобы решить эту проблему. 3. Он был счастлив, что побывал в городе, где провел свое детство. 4. Мы полагали, что художник будет высокого мнения о рисунках Петра. 5. Критики (critics) считают новый роман молодого писателя шедевром. 6. Анна сказала сестре, чтобы она не колебалась и оставила работу, которая ей не нравится. 7. Д-р Ингрэм ожидал, что коллеги поддержат его. 8. Вы ведь видели, как новый хоккеист забил гол? Великолепно, не правда ли? 9. Вы ведь слышали, как Джон сказал, что он заказал два номера в гостинице? 10. Говорят, что сын Питера Брауна принимает участие в концерте. 11. Сообщили, что делегация американских преподавателей прибыла в Москву. 12. По-видимому, на следующем заседании будут обсуждаться проблемы развития спорта в сельской местности. 13. Известно, что он писал свою последнюю картину в течение трех лет. 14. Вы случайно не знаете номера телефона г-на Брауна? — К сожалению, нет. 15. Маловероятно, что он упустит возможность посмотреть финальный матч. 16. Кажется, они приняли приглашение г-на Брауна.

 

Text

 

Learn these words and word combinations

 

 

Exercise I. Read and translate these sentences. Pay attention to active words and word combinations.

1. The editor did not quite like the press coverage prepared by the reporter. 2. He has already been speaking for half an hour but has not come to the point yet. 3. What is the circulation of the weekly "Economist"? 4. "Keep on trying and you'll become a good gymnast," said the coach. 5. "You couldn't make a fuss about such little things. Everything can be settled quite easily," he said. 6. What kind of assignment has he been given? 7. Tabloids, as a rule, do not publish much of political news, they are full of sensation, murder and cartoon strips. 8. The article describes the situation in detail. 9. "The situation in the country is dangerous, and the future does not look bright", said the speaker. 10. Have you read the editorial of today's "Herald Tribune"? 11. American newspapers publish a lot of advertisements. 12. "I hope he will pick me up, otherwise I'll miss the train," said Jim. 13. There is no getting out of it. 14. She wanted to listen to the radio but he kept on talking. 15. Our major papers have a daily circulation of over ten million. 16. To tell the truth, we were all impressed by his new play.

SENSATION IS NEWS

Henry Page is the owner and editor of "The Northern light",¹ a local newspaper, which has become more or less a tradition in the district of Hedleston. The paper has built a reputation for integrity, common sense and sound news presentation.²

Somerville, a powerful press magnate, makes up his mind to buy "The Northern Light" as he wants to expand his "newspaper empire".

He sends his two executives Leonard Nye and Harold Smith to buy "The Northern light" but Henry Page refuses to sell it. They warn Page that in order to make him sell his newspaper they will set up a new daily which will become more popular in the district as they will publish sensations, advertisements, scandal and what not.³

Page decides to fight, he holds out for some time though with great difficulty. Finally Smith and Nye blackmail Page and force him to sell his newspaper. In the given excerpt Smith and Nye are celebrating their victory.

When they got to the Red lion ⁴ they went into the lounge and found a couple of armchairs by the window. Nye ordered double Scotch. They had their drinks and Nye signalled to the waiter for the same again. When he came back he brought the menu and Leonard ordered the dinner. "You know," Smith said, "it's wonderful the way we've won, in spite of everything. Yet I can't somehow get Page out of my mind... that look in his eyes... I like the man."

Nye hadn't had much lunch, only a snack at the station bar, and the Scotch on an empty stomach was giving him a lift.⁵

"No, seriously, I don't believe I'd have agreed with you"

"About what?"

"Publishing the dirt."

"For Christ's sake!" ⁶ Nye looked at him. "Don't you know that's what our popular press deal largely with... dirt... sensation... murder... sudden death. Haven't you ever in your sweet life heard the newsboys shout? "Horrible murder... girl raped and killed." That's news, brother.

I know the newspaper trade inside out. ⁷ It's a ruddy business, like any other, with two main objectives: money and power. To get these you need circulation. For circulation you must give the customers what they want. And what they want... at least the bulk of them. They want the juicy bits-sex, scandal, sensation and advertisement. So why make a fuss about it. People are only human."

"Still" — Smith blinked at Nye — "I think Page had a point. We need to improve the ethical standards of journalism."

"How?"

"Some sort of board of control."

"You can't control the freedom of the press — not in a democracy. Damn it all, ⁸ that's censorship. Besides, if the people don't want what we offer them, why the hell do they buy it? There was an electrocution at Sing-Sing ⁹ when I was in New York and you should have seen what appeared in one of the tabloids — their reporter had smuggled in a microfilm camera and there was a whole spread of pictures of the poor bastard strapped to the chair in the death cell, with the electrodes on him, being officially bumped off.¹⁰ Next year the same bright newsboy won the Homer Gluck Prize ^ir for his pictures of lynching."

"Horrible, Leonard, really horrible. It proves my argument. We shouldn't distort the truth."

"And go right out of business? Don't talk inflated drivel. The people need their daily dose of opium these days-otherwise this bloody world is too tough a place to live in. We're the real humanitarians, not those would-be do-gooders ¹³ like your friend Page."

"All right, all right, Leonard. But you must have a heart," Smith was getting quite drunk.

"You can't have a heart in this game," Nye said. "I learned my lesson early. When I was a young reporter, green and innocent, if you can believe it, 1 was given an assignment to cover a stunt parachute jumper, ¹⁴ a young Austrian, Rudi Schermann. Schermann went around doing his act at country fairs, and I went with him. He was a simple sort of fellow, with a nice wife and kid, brave — I needn't tell you his stunts were as dangerous as hell, I got to like him — I still could like people in those days. I know the risks he was taking and kept on telling him to get out while he was still alive. So did his wife. But he would smile and shake his head. ¹⁵ He wanted to make enough to retire to a little farm in the Tyrol — he was just that simple.

Well, one day it happened. Rudi took off at ten thousand feet, but something went wrong, the parachute didn't open. He was down now to fifteen hundred feet. He tried his second parachute. It opened slightly but not enough. He hit the ground thirty feet from me. He was alive when I picked him up. He died a few seconds later, in my arms. I had feelings in those days. The tears were running down my cheeks. Somehow I got to a phone booth. I phoned my editor. I was shaking all over. ¹⁶ Do you know what the S.O.B. said? "Fine," he said. "We'll give him the whole front page. I want all the details you can let me have and lots of photographs. Be sure and get a good one of the body." Nye looked at Smith and took a long drink. "If you want to know, that's when I lost my journalist virginity. Where the hell is that waiter? We'll have another round ^re then we'll go and eat."

(After "The Northern Light" by A. J. Cronin)

Names

Henry Page Генри Пэйдж

Somerville ['somavil] Сомервиль

Leonard Nye ['lensd 'nai ] Ленард (Леонард) Най

Harold fhsrld ] Smith Гарольд Смит

Rudi Schermann ['ru:di 'Jermsn ] Руди Шерман

Tyrol [ti'roul] Тироль

Notes

1. "The Northern Light" «Северное сияние» (название газеты)

2. for integrity [m'tegrati], common sense and sound news presentation за свою честность, здравый смысл и правдивое освещение событий

3. and what not и всё на свете

4. the Red lion ['laisn] (название ресторана)

5. and the Scotch on an empty stomach was giving him a lift и выпитое на голодный желудок виски подняло его настроение

6. For Christ's [kraists] sake! Ради Бога!

7. inside out вдоль и поперек, как свои пять пальцев

8. Damn [da;m ] it all! Проклятье! Черт побери!

9. Sing-Sing Синг-Синг (название тюрьмы)

10. a whole spread of pictures of the poor bastard ['baestad ] strapped to the chair in the death cell, with the electrodes on him, being officially bumped off целая серия фотографий бедняги в камере смертника, привязанного ремнями к электрическому стулу, с приставленными к нему электродами, иллюстрирующая, как его официально отправили на тот свет

11. the Homer Gluck Prize ['houmg 'gluk praiz] приз Гомера Глюка (за лучший фоторепортаж)

12. this bloody ['bLidi] world is too tough a place to live in в этом проклятом мире слишком трудно жить

13. would-be do-gooder так называемый доброжелатель

14. a stunt parachute ['pa2rsju:t] jumper парашютист, который во время прыжка выполняет различные трюки

15 But he would smile and shake his head Он, бывало, только улыбался и отрицательно качал головой

16.1 was shaking all over. Я весь дрожал.

17. S.O.B. (son of a bitch) груб, сукин сын

18. we'll have another round выпьем еще по одной

Exercise 2. Read and translate the text.

Exercise 3. Find in the text English equivalents for these sentences.

1. Разве ты не знаешь, что наша популярная пресса в основном имеет дело с грязью, сенсацией, убийствами? 2. Это проклятое ремесло, у которого две цели: деньги и власть. 3. Зачем поднимать шум по этому поводу? 4. Мы должны поднимать нравственные нормы журналистики. 5. Ты бы посмотрел, что появилось в одной из бульварных газет. 6. Мы не должны искажать правду. 7. Мы настоящие гуманисты. 8. Я все время твердил ему, чтобы он покончил с этим. 9. Кое-как я добрался до телефонной будки. 10. Я хочу иметь все подробности, которые ты сможешь собрать.

Exercise 4. Give Russian equivalents for these sentences.

1. They will set up a new daily which will publish sensations, advertisements, scandal. 2. I know the newspaper trade inside out. 3. To get these you need circulation. 4. People are only human. 5. You can't control the freedom of the press. 6. Horrible, really horrible. It proves my argument. 7. When I was a young reporter, green and innocent, I was given an assignment to cover a stunt parachute jump. 8. I'll give him the whole front page.

Exercise 5. Answer these questions.

1. What kind of news are readers, in Nye's opinion, interested in? 2. What kind of man should a reporter be? Could he have a heart? 3. What story did Nye tell Smith? 4. Why did Nye say that it was then that he had lost his journalist virginity? 5. What is your idea of a humane* journalist?

* humane [hju:'mem] гуманный, человечный

 

Exercise 6. Explain or comment on these statements.

1. I know the newspaper trade inside out. 2. I think Page had a point. We need to improve the ethical standards of journalism.! 3. And go right out of business? 4. We're the real humanitarians not those would-be do-gooders like your friend Page. 5. The people need their dose of opium these days otherwise this bloody world is too tough a place to live in. 6. You can't have a heart in this trade.

Exercise 7. Make the necessary substitutions and reproduce the dialogues.

1. A: Have you read the editorial in today's "Morning Star"?

B: Not yet. I have only looked through the front page.

(B: the press coverage of the Prime Minister's visit, some advertisements, an article about a horrible murder)

2. A: To tell the truth, I'm not interested in details.

B: If I were you, I would.

(A: their objectives, her decision, their ethical standards, his arguments)

3. A: Please come to the point.

B: I'm afraid you've already missed the point.

(A- reach, get to)

Exercise 8. Insert the words given below.

1. The main... of the article is to make people realize how important the problem is. 2. Truman Capote's last book created a great.... 3. There is a lot of......in what he says. 4. Nye and Smith were given an... to buy "The Northern light". 5. The... said he wanted his best journalists to... the Foreign Ministers' meeting. 6. To Somerville's surprise Henry Page...... for quite a time. 7. I suggest everyone should give his... for and against the project. 8. We shall get there.... 9. Several scientific institutions were......in the Far East. 10. Do not make so much... about little things. 11. You should... now... it will be too late. 12. The old man...... thinking about his decision. to keep on, common sense, to set up, fuss, to decide, otherwise, editor, to hold out, somehow, objective, sensation, argument, assignment, to cover

Exercise 9. Make up twelve questions based on the text and answer them.

Exercise 10. Insert prepositions or adverbs.

Washington May Well Interfere*

About two weeks there had been rumours**... a revolution in Puerto Santos.*** Puerto Santos is not an important country but American diplomats always make much fuss... such rumours.

* Washington may well interfere [лШэ'Гш]. Вполне возможно, что Вашингтон вмешается.

** rumours ['гштзг] сплетни

*** Puerto Santos Пуэрто Сантос (название вымышленной страны)

 

So Joe Hurd, an American diplomat, parked the car... a large house. The door was opened... an old man.

The old man came... the point at once: "This is an important day. I hope we shall have a new President soon."

"Have you seen Miro today? Please tell me everything... detail," asked Hurd.

"I can't go... details. What are you gentlemen planning to do?" asked the old man.

"I don't know," the diplomat replied. "My Ambassador considers Martinez, the present President, a force stability [sts'bibti] in Puerto Santos. Washington may well agree. We have arms, so maybe arms will save the situation and Martinez will hold...."

"What are your arguments... saving Martinez? Tell me, why is Washington so willing to send Martinez arms?" the old man kept... asking the diplomat.

"Well, It's part... what we call the larger strategy ['strat3d3i]."

"Is it believed that our army has been the protector... our freedom in Puerto Santos?"

"No."

"Yet you support Martinez and consider our army to be part... the larger strategy of freedom?"

"Yes. There's no getting......it."

"I still hope we'll be able to set... a new democratic government," the old man said.

(After "The Triumph"* by John Kenneth Galbraith)

* triumph [^-trai3mf] триумф

 

Exercise 11. Make up fourteen sentences using these word combinations.

an argument for, an argument against, to keep on doing smth., to get out of, to set up, to hold out, to make a fuss about smth., to come to the point, to keep to the point, in detail, to go into details, to pick up, to take off, a newspaper with a circulation of

Exercise 12. Translate the phrases given in brackets using Complex Object or Complex Subject. Read the sentences.

a) 1. We expected (что мальчик скажет нам правду). 2. I believe (что эта ежедневная газета очень интересная). 3. Не asked (редактора поместить его статью на первой странице). 4. I asked (его еще раз просмотреть передовицу). 5. I heard (как она говорила о нравственных нормах журналистики). 6. I'd like (чтобы вы проявили здравый смысл).

b) I. The Board of Directors is reported (уже обсудили этот вопрос). 2. The weather seems (улучшится). 3. They are reported (исказили факты). 4. He is likely (опишет ситуацию подробно). 5. The news is believed (вызовет сенсацию). 6. He is said (уже получил задание). 7. The murderseems (было совершено человеком, которого я видела на улице незадолго до этого).

Exercise 13. Give Russian equivalents for these word combinations.

1) to reach a decision, to come to a decision, to take a decision;

2) the freedom of the press, press conference, the yellow press, the popular press;

3) to come to the point, to keep to the point, to miss the point, I don't see the point;

4) a bright young man, a bright smile, a bright face, bright future;

5) press coverage, TV coverage, to give a wide coverage;

6) to get out of business, to get out of the appointment, to get out of difficulties.

Exercise 14. Translate these sentences using the word combinations given-in exercise 13.

1) 1. Надеюсь, что они уже приняли решение. 2. Когда комитет собирается принять окончательное решение?

2) 1. На пресс-конференции премьер-министру был задан вопрос, действительно ли в его стране не существует свободы печати. 2. Бульварная пресса никогда широко не освещает важные международные события. 3. Малоформатные газеты относятся к так называемой (so-called) «популярной» прессе.

3) 1. Мы ожидали, что он сразу же перейдет к существу вопроса. 2. Повторите то, что вы сказали. Мне кажется, что я упустил самое главное. 3. Говорите по существу. У нас очень мало времени. 4. Простите, но я не понял «соли». Повторите шутку еще раз, пожалуйста.

4) 1. Новый репортер — довольно смышленый молодой человек. 2. У нее всегда веселая улыбка. 3. У вас светлое будущее.

5) 1. Работа Международного конгресса ученых-физиков широко освещалась в прессе и по телевидению.

6) 1. Вам нужно как-нибудь избавиться от этого предприятия. 2. Мне надо будет постараться избавиться от этого делового свидания. 3. Нам нужно выбраться из этих трудностей.

Exercise 15. Say if these statements are true or false. Give your reasons.

1. Nye said that popular newspapers dealt largely with dirt, sensation and murder. 2. Smith was impressed by Henry Page's statement that the ethical standards of journalism should be improved. 3. Nye was sure the popular press published just what an ordinary* man needed. 4. Nye considered himself and the like** real humanitarians. 5. Smith agreed with Nye that a reporter should have neither feelings nor heart.

* ordinary ['oidingn] обыкновенный, ординарный

** the like себе подобных

 

Exercise16. Give a summary of the text "Sensation is News". Comment on it.*

*Comment ['кэтэШ] on it. Прокомментируйте его (текст).

 

Exercise 17. Translate into English.

1. «Давайте сразу перейдем к существу вопроса»,— сказал Пейдж. 2. Ему нужно помочь, иначе он не продержится. 3. Я был очень горд тем, что редактор решил поместить мою статью на первой странице. 4. Пейдж старался, чтобы его газета объективно отражала внутренние и международные события. 5. Прочитав статью в «Ньюсуих» ("Newsweek"), я понял, что факты были искажены. 6. Как сообщают, новый балет вызвал сенсацию и был широко освещен в прессе. 7. Они наблюдали за тем, как самолет взлетел и исчез в облаках. 8. Не забудь заехать за Джо-ком, иначе он опоздает на лекцию. 9. Най понимал, что было бесполезно и даже опасно говорить с Сомервилем о поднятии нравственных норм репортеров. 10. «Говоря по правде,— сказал Мендоса своему другу,— единственное, что мне хотелось сказать матери Чарльза,— это: «Убирайтесь отсюда». 11. «Эта бульварная газета оказалась хуже, чем я ожидал,— сказал Пейдж.— Не понимаю, как наши граждане могут читать ее.» 12. Было бы хорошо, если бы вы повторили все доводы в пользу проекта. 13. К сожалению, его вторая пьеса оказалась такой же неинтересной, как и первая.

Exercise 18. Debate these problems. Give your arguments "for" and "against".

The argument: key words.

1. The main objectives of the press are to let readers know what is going on in their own place and their country, to inform them of the most important international events.

2. The ethical standards of journalism should be high. Journalists should never distort the truth.

3. Reporters should not look for sensational news. They should give an accurate coverage of the events.

The counter-argument: key words.

1. The main objective of the press is sensation. Only sensation is news.

2. Journalists and reporters should not have high ethical standards. They should have neither feelings nor heart. For the sake of sensation they should be ready to distort the truth, to tell lies.

3. Reporters should look only for sensational news. Such reporters think that only money and sex are the main objectives of the human race.

Exercise 19. Speak on these topics.

1. The role of mass media. 2. The main objectives of the press. 3. The freedom of the press.

 

LESSON FOURTEEN

 

Conversations: A. Television. B. Newspapers. C. Press Conference.

Learn these speech patterns

1. Television made it possible for people who live far away to watch international sports events. Телевидение сделало возможным, чтобы люди, живущие на периферии, смотрели международные спортивные соревнования.

Exercise I. Translate into Russian.

1. Radio made it possible for people everywhere to learn the latest news. 2. The first newspapers made it possible for people to learn the news. 3. What made it possible for people to develop industry?

2. You didn't make it clear to what extent you encouraged the generals to resign. Вы не объяснили (не высказались ясно), в какой степени вы содействовали уходу генералов в отставку.

Exercise 2. Translate into Russian.

1. He made it quite clear that everyone should take pat in the discussion. 2. You did not make it clear what Mr Johnson was responsible for. 3. Will you make it clear what I am supposed to do?

3. Thafs the way to teach young children. Так (именно так) нужно учить маленьких детей.

Exercise 3. Translate into Russian.

1. That's the way to deal with such matters. 2. What's the way to make TV programmes for children mote interesting? 3. This is the way to settle the problem. 4. That's the way tabloids are made in this country.

Exercise 4. Translate into English using patterns 1, 2, 3.

1. Телевидение сделало возможным, чтобы на школьных занятиях использовались фильмы. 2. Первые газеты сделали возможным, чтобы люди, живущие далеко от столицы, узнавали новости о внутренних и зарубежных событиях. 3. Вы недостаточно четко объяснили, как вы собираетесь улучшить обучение в школе. 4. Не объясните ли вы, каково ваше отношение к этой проблеме? 5. Так можно сделать телепрограммы для детей более интересными. 6. По-моему, вот так нужно решить эту проблему.

Learn these words and word combinations.

 

A. Television

1

A: Do you happen to know what's on after the news?

B: I think it's a documentary.

A: Would you mind if I watched it?

B: Don't you want to see part two of the serial on BBC ^l 2?

2

A: Do you remember what's on channel 2 at 9.30?

B: As far as I can remember, it's a play.

A: Do you mind if we switch over?

B: No, I've been looking forward to it all evening.

3

Four University students discuss advantages and disadvantages of television. Michael and Ann are Russian students, John is an American student and Ruth is an English student.

John: I think television is one of the worst inventions the man ever made. It occupies all our spare time. We rush home to be in time for this or that programme.

Ann: I can't agree with you, John. Television made it possible for people who live far away from cultural centres to watch theatrical productions, concerts, music and drama competitions, international and national sports events and what not.

Ruth: I do agree with Ann in this. That's an advantage the television has. Unfortunately children are the ones who suffer most.

John: Yes. Some American children spend more time in front of TV-sets than in front of the teacher. Too much television is bad for children.

Michael: Children should be taught what programmes to watch. Most of our educational programmes are really good and informative. I used to enjoy them when a child.

Ruth: We also have some very good educational programmes — especially the one called "Play School". ² It teaches the alphabet and arithmetic so that it all seems like a game. ³ That's the way to teach young children. What I hate is violence which looks even more violent on colour television.

John: Yes, that's really awful. There's always a film of violence on one of the channels. I think children feel indifferent when people are killed.

Michael: I doubt that. Can't your teachers do something about it? They should protest against violence on TV. John: They do protest. But television companies take no notice of them. These films sell well. ⁴

B. Newspapers

1

Anna Petrova: How many newspapers do you subscribe to?

Clare Dawson: I don't subscribe to any. I buy papers every morning on my way to college. And do you subscribe to any papers?

Anna: Yes. I subscribe to three: "Izvestia", "Komsomolskaya Pravda" and "Literaturnaya Gazette". I like to look through the papers before I leave for college.

2

Clare (to Anna who is reading a paper): Looking through the "Daily Mirror"?

Anna: Yes. It's the first time that I see this paper.

Clare: How do you like it?

Anna: I feel puzzled. ⁵ It isn't very informative: a lot of sensational news, strip cartoons and ads. A few articles cover the domestic news and there's almost next to nothing about the international situation.

Clare: Well, that's the way tabloids are made in this country.

C. Press Conference

The President: Good morning. I have several announcements. First, the arrangements for the trip to Vienna are now complete, and Mr Simon will have detailed information on that for you by noon today. Second, I have accepted a number of resignations in the armed services. There will be a list available after the press conference, by the way.

Malcolm Waters, "Associated Press": Mr President?

The President: Excuse me, Mr Waters, I have one further announcement. As you all know the President has traditionally had three military aides — one each from the Army, Navy and Air Force. I thought it was about time a Marine was added, and I am appointing Colonel Casey as my Marine aide. He will be promoted to brigadier general. That's all I have.

James Compton, "Knight Newspapers": Sir, you didn't make it clear in your speech Saturday to what extent you encouraged the generals to resign.

The President: Jim, I'll assume that's a question even though I couldn't hear a question mark on it. Let's just say I advised them to resign and they accepted my advice.

(Laughter) Hal Brennan, "New York Times": Mr President, we have an authoritative report that some intelligence information, involving Russia's intentions to abide by the treaty, accounts for your trip to Vienna to see Mr Feemerov. Is that correct, sir?

The President: I'm sorry, but I will have nothing more to say on the Vienna conference until it is over.

Hal Brennan, "New York Times": Then we may assume the report is correct?

The President: Now, Mr Brennan, I am neither confirming nor denying anything. I am simply not discussing the subject. I'd like to be helpful, but I think it would not be useful for me to discuss it just now. You'll be informed in good time.

Thomas Hodges, "Minneapolis Star and Tribune": Mr President, did you consult with the National Security Council or the Cabinet or other advisers on those resignations?

The President: Not the NSC or the Cabinet as such, but I did consult with certain of my advisers.

Thomas Hodges, "Minneapolis Star and Tribune": I wonder if you could give us their names, please, sir?

The President: In this particular case, I don't believe it would be useful.

Roger Swensson, "Chicago Tribune": Mr President, many people find it hard to believe that the treaty alone ⁷ was the cause of this mass resignation. Was anything else involved?

The President: The treaty stirred very deep feelings in this country. Men in high position are not immune to deep feelings. ⁸

Malcolm Waters, "Associated Press": Thank you, Mr President.

(After "Seven Days In May" by Fletcher Knebel and Charles Bailey)

Names

Ruth [ru:6 ] Рут

Clare [ккэ] Клер

Malcolm ['та;1кэт] Малькольм

the Associated [a'soujieitid ] Press Ассошиэйтед Пресс

the Knight Newspapers газеты Найта

Thomas Hodges ['tamss 'hod3iz ] Томас Ходжис

the Minneapolis [.mmi'aspslis ] "Star and Tribune" ['tribju:n ] «Стар энд Трибюн»

Roger ['rodsa ] Роджер

the "Chicago [Ji'ka:gou] Tribune" «Чикаго трибюн»

Notes

1. BBC (British Broadcasting ['brD:dka:stin] Corporation [,кэ:рэ'геф1] Би-Би-Си (Британская радиовещательная корпорация — радио- и телевещательная компания в Лондоне)

2. "Play School" «Играем (играйте) в школу», телепрограмма для детей дошкольного возраста.

3. so that it all seems like a game так, что все это похоже на игру (кажется игрой)

4. These films sell well. Эти фильмы легко распродаются.

5. I fell puzzied. Я в недоумении. (Я смущен.)

6. the National Security [si'kjuanti ] Council (NSC) Совет национальной безопасности (США)

7. the treaty alone только договор

8. Men in high position are not immune to deep feelings. Лица, занимающие высокое положение, не защищены от глубоких переживаний.

Exercise 5. Read and translate the dialogues.

Exercise 6. Find in the dialogues English equivalents for these word combinations and sentences.

1. Вы не будете возражать, если я посмотрю его (документальный фильм)? 2. Он отнимает все наше свободное время. 3. Это одно из преимуществ телевидения. 4. большинство наших учебных программ. 5. Им следует заявить протест против показа насилия по телевидению. 6. не обращают на них внимания. 7. Сколько газет вы выписываете? 8. Несколько статей описывают внутреннее положение. 9. Я принял несколько отставок. 10. В своей речи в субботу вы не высказались определенно. 11. быть верным договору. 12. Я ничего не подтверждаю и ничего не отрицаю. 13. с некоторыми из моих советников. 14 многим трудно поверить, что только договор был причиной.

Exercise 7. Quote the sentences in which these words and word combinations are used in the dialogues and translate them.

to switch over, invention, educational, so that, that's the way, violence, indifferent, to take no notice of, to feel puzzled, to cover, arrangements, available, to promote to, to involve, to deny, to consult, treaty, resignation

Exercise 8. Write out from the dialogues sentences containing infinitives, define their functions and translate the sentences.

Exercise 9. Make the necessary substitutions and reproduce the dialogues.

1. A: Do you happen to know what's on after the news?

B: I believe it's a documentary.

(В: а jazz concert, a football match, a discussion, the weather forecast)

2. A: Do you mind if I watch the documentary on BBC 1?

B: As to me I wanted to see the play on BBC 2.

(B: the film, the hockey match, the show, part 3 of the serial)

3. A" Would you mind if I switched over to channel 41 There's a film on.

B: I'd be only glad. I've been looking forward to it all evening.

(A- channel 2, BBC 1, channel 1)

4. A: What newspapers do you subscribe to?

B: To "Trud", "Komsomolskaya Pravda" and "Literaturnaya Gazette".

(B: "Izvestia" and "Moskovskaya Pravda"; "The Times" and "The Morning Star")

5. A: I wonder if you could give me their names.

B: In this particular case I don't believe it would be useful. (A the details, the date)

Exercise 10. What would you say if you took part in these dialogues? Dramatize them.

1. A: Would you mind if I switched over to channel 2? Part 4 of the serial is on.

B:...

2. A: Will you switch on the radio, please? The football results are on Radio 1, aren't they?

B:...

3. A: What are the advantages of the television educational programmes for children?

B:...

4. A: Do you agree that television occupies too much of our spare time?

B:...

5. A: Has television more advantages than disadvantages?

B:...

6. A: Should children be permitted to watch any television programmes?

7. A: Which of the educational programmes would you advise your younger brother (sister) to watch?

B.'...

8. A: Have you ever watched Programme "ABC"? * What's its purpose?

* "ABC"-АБВГДейка

 

9. A: Mr Brown, do you let your children watch films of violence?

B:...

A: Why don't parents and teachers protest against violence on TV?

B:...

10. A: What newspapers and magazines do you subscribe to?

B:...

11. A: Why are there so many advertisements in British papers?

B'...

12. A: The arrangements for the conference are complete now and I can answer your questions if there are any.

B:...

13. A: Did the President confirm or deny the report Hal Brennan informed him about?

B:...

14. A: Do you think press conferences are helpful and useful both to statesmen* and the public?

*statesman государственный деятель

 

B:...

15. A: Do you have to consult the dictionary when translating into English?

B:...

16. A: Would you consult with the Council members if you were Chairman?

B:...

Exerecise 11. Think of situations in which these sentences can be used. Dramatize them.

1. Do you happen to know what's on after the news? 2. Radio made it possible for people everywhere to learn the latest news. 3. That's the way to teach youngsters. 4. You didn't make it clear what your attitude to the problem is. 5. I think television is the best invention the man ever made. 6. I got the impression that many of the American parents feel indifferent to violence on TV. 7. I wonder if Mr Smith is available at the moment. 8. I believe quite a few young scientists were involved in the research. 9. He denied the statement, didn't he? 10. Believe me I'd like to be helpful. 11. I don't think it would be useful to discuss the problem now. 12. Was anything else involved?

Exercise 12. Reproduce dialogues А, В, С in pairs.

Exercise 13. Give a summary of the "Press Conference" and exchange your impressions.

Exercise 14. Act as interpreter.

Barbara Jenkins: I was surprised to learn that you have a special channel for educational programmes. I wonder whether these programmes are popular with the students.

Евгения Морозова: Вы имеете в виду канал 4. Да, его программы действительно пользуются большой популярностью. По этому каналу передаются (to broadcast f'bra:dka:st ]) самые разнообразные программы: для школьников, для учащихся ПТУ (vocational [vou'keijnl] school), для студентов-заочников (extramural ['ekstra'mjusrl ] students) и, кроме того, общеобразовательные программы.

Barbara: Are programmes for schoolchildren used in classes?

Евгения: Да, многие учебные программы используются на занятиях. Учителя узнают об этих передачах заранее и планируют уроки, включая в них телепрограммы.

Barbara: I believe that makes lessons more interesting and instructive.

Евгения: Да, конечно.

Parbara: I hear you have English language lessons on channel 4.

Евгения: Да. Эта программа называется «Смотри, слушай, учись» ("Look, Listen, Learn"). Кстати, помимо английской, имеются еще программы по французскому, немецкому и испанскому языкам.

Barbara: Do you know whether these programmes attract * a lot of learners?

* attract [s'traekt] привлекать

 

Евгения: Да, конечно. Многие учащиеся старших классов, студенты, особенно живущие на периферии (living in provinces), совершенствуют свои знания, используя эти программы.

Barbara: I saw your weekly "Moscow News"and there I found an article covering this educational programme. I think this paper is very helpful to learners of English.

Евгения: Да, эта газета очень помогает и изучающим английский язык, и тем кто его знает. Она довольно широко освещает внутренне и международные события. В ней также печатаются рассказы и повести современных английских и американских писателей. Я много лет выписываю эту газету и всегда с удовольствием читаю ее.

Exercise 15. Translate into English.

1. — Ты случайно не знаешь, что идет в восемь по седьмому каналу?

— Думаю, какой-нибудь детективный фильм.

— Жаль, а что идет по второму каналу?

— Кажется, пьеса. Не возражаешь, если я переключу на второй канал?

— Нет, конечно.

2. — Вы видели сегодняшний «Труд»?

— Нет еще. Я ушел очень рано и почтальон (postman ['poustman ]) еще не приносил газет.

— В ней напечатана очень интересная статья о событиях на Ближнем Востоке (in the Middle East).

— Можно мне взять вашу газету? Мне хотелось бы просмотреть эту статью сейчас.

— Пожалуйста.

3. — Я недавно посмотрел по телевидению фильм-балет «Галатея» (Galatea [.gaeb'tia]) и должен сказать, что он произвел на меня огромное впечатление.

— Я тоже видел этот балет и тоже получил огромное удовольствие. Я считаю, что телевидение должно не только показывать балетные постановки крупных театральных коллективов, но и само должно ставить новые балеты.

— Полностью согласен с вами. Например, телевидение Санкт-Петербурга поставило очень интересные балеты «Старое танго» ("Old Tango" ['tajggou ]) и «Жиголо и Жиголетта» ("Gigolo ['3igalou] and Gigolette" {'ъщэЫ]).

— Я, к сожалению, не видел их, но читал о них в статье, которая была напечатана в «Правде».

— Кто автор статьи?

— Екатерина Максимова, одна из выдающихся советских балерин.

— Интересно, что она пишет в статье.

— Она считает, что телевидение должно больше ставить камерные балеты с небольшим числом персонажей, простым сюжетом (plot) и единым местом действия (the same scene [si:n]).

— Я с ней согласен. На телеэкране лучше показывать камерные балеты. Кроме того, можно будет привлечь больше талантливых молодых танцоров и танцовщиц.

4. — Борис, насколько я знаю, по вашему телевидению детям не показывают фильмы об убийствах и ужасах.

— Мы стараемся такие фильмы не показывать и взрослым. Детективные (detective [di'tektiv]) фильмы есть и у нас, но преступления и убийства рассматриваются в них как антигуманные и антисоциальные действия.

5. — Есть ли в наличии материал об использовании телевидения для учебных целей?

— Да, конечно. Вы можете получить его в нашей библиотеке.

6. — Насколько я помню, вы собирались проконсультироваться со своими коллегами об использовании учебных телепрограмм на занятиях по географии и биологии.

— Я советовался с ними, и мы намерены провести эксперимент в этом учебном году (school year).

7. — Подтвердил ли г-н Браун нашу договоренность письмом?

— Да, письмо было получено вчера.

Exercise 16. Read and translate this conversation. Dramatize it.

Mr Page, the owner of the local newspaper "The Northern Light", receives two visitors, Mr Smith and Mr Nye, representatives of the newspaper tycoon Somerville, who wants to buy Mr Page's paper.

Smith: Mr Page, may I say, that we approach you in the most cordial and friendly spirit. You know, of course, the reason for our being here. The Somerviile group is very interested in your publication.

Page: What I cannot understand is why there should be this interest in "The Northern light".

Smith: We are anxious to expand. Also we know the reputation of your paper, Mr Page.

Page: You believe that to be good?

Smith: We do, sir. We consider "The Northern Light" absolutely first in its own class.

Page: Then why should I sell it?

Smith: I will tell you, Mr Page. We know you've done well. But times are changing fast. There are only half a dozen independent papers of your type left in the provinces and, I promise you, within two or three years they will all be absorbed. We estimate that your entire property is worth seventy-five thousand pounds. I am now authorized to increase the amount.

Page: I've no quarrel with you, gentlemen. You are only doing your job. Still... you must realize what's happening to our press today. A few pdwerful groups are reaching out for every paper they want with the objective to increase circulation and outsell their rivals in the cutthroat competition that now exists. We, all of us, know the power of the press. It can make or break an individual, create or destroy a government, it may even start a new war. It's the application of this power by certain papers with enormous national coverage that is the curse of our country today and may well be its ruination tomorrow. Nye (breaking in): I suppose you exempt your own paper from this ruination business.

Page: I do. In its own limited sphere it follows the papers that lead and educate the people, and try to create intelligent citizens, rather than a nation of gaping primitives reared on a mixture of sex, sensation and scandalous gossip.

Nye: Let me inform you that sex and money are the two main objectives of the human race. What do you think a working man wants with his morning cup of tea at six o'clock on a foggy morning? Not the soapy sermon that you serve up but the bit of spice we give him in the "Gazette".

Page: Even if I were desperate to sell I would never sell it to the "Gazette".

Smith: Don't let's be hasty. Take a few days to think things over.

Page: No, my decision is final.

Nye: Then we'll have to see that you get a little extra competition. And believe me it will be hot and strong.

(After "The Northern Light" by A. J. Cronin)

Exercise 17. Make up dialogues based on this picture.

 

 

Exercise 18. Dramatize these situations.

1. Ask your sisfer, brother (wife, husband) what is on channel 1 (2, 3) and say that you would like to see part 2 of the serial (the play, the film, etc.) that is on another channel.

2. Ask your foreign colleague what newspapers and magazines he (she) subscribes to. Ask his (her) opinion of these publications. Say what newspapers and magazines you subscribe to and say what you like them for.

3. Discuss advantages and disadvantages of television with a foreign colleague.

4. Imagine that you have to give an interview. Think oi the subject you would want to give an interview on.

 

LESSON FIFTEEN

 

NEW GRAMMAR STRUCTURES

 

The Gerund (Герундий)

 

Герундий, как и причастие и инфинитив, — нелич<