Определенного артикля перед существительными sun , moon , sky )

 

Перед существительными, которые обозначают предметы, являющиеся единственными в своем роде, употребляется определенный артикль: the sun солнце, the moon луна, the sky небо.

 

TEXT

 

Learn these words and word combinations

 

PLANS FOR THE SUMMER HOLIDAYS

'Last night 'Michael 'Pavlov and his,'wife Helen i 'talked about their plans for the 'coming holiday. "Let's go to Sochi, shall we?"¹ said Michael. "It's a 'beautiful ""Itown. I 'spent my 'holidays in Sochi when I was a student. I'd like to go there again."

"That's a wonderful idea," said Helen. "I've never been to Sochi, and I love the sea. We'll.Jbathe, we'll 'go -Jfooatiiig and swimming. We'll 'lie in the 'sun on the "beach."

"And we'll be 'able to at'tend the 'Festival of —'Song that 'takes.Jplace in Sochi 'every summer, we'll 'hear 'new songs and 'new music," said Michael. "Our 'trip may be 1 very Л interesting. 'Here's what we'll do.² We'll 'take a 'plane to Odessa and I'll 'show you 'round the city. There are 'beautiful 'monuments to the 'famous /реор1е, who lived in Odessa, museums and Mother places of interest."

"We may 'even go to the t famous Opera House," Helen interrupted him.

"We'll 'never be 'able to 'get to Sochi, you know," Michael said. "Well, from Odessa, i we'll 'go to Sochi by "I boat." "We'll 'have to 'book 'plane and "boat.J tickets in advance, shan't we asked Helen. "We'll "certainly have to do that," said Michael. "I'll 'have to 'go to the t Travel -Agency³ and settle —that to'morrow "morning. By the way, I've 'got a t guide to Sochi. 'Let's 'read what it 'says about the "Mown."

Michael started reading, "Sochi is the largest and most beautiful resort⁴ in the Caucasus. The high Caucasian Mountains protect Sochi from the cold north winds. There are a lot of sunny days there. The sea water temperature is between 24-28° С in summer.

About two million people come to Sochi every year."

"That'll do," Helen interrupted him. "I realize Sochi is the town we should go to."⁵

The Pavlovs enjoyed the trip from Odessa to Sochi. The Black Sea was calm. They sat on deck in the lounge chairs and looked at the sea.

Helen liked Sochi very much. Michael showed her the famous Botanical Gardens, they went to hikes in the mountains, they saw the beautiful Augura Waterfalls.⁶

The sea was nice and warm. The weather was fine. When it was time to go home they were sorry to leave the beautiful town of Sochi.

Notes

1. Let's go to Sochi ['sotfi], shall we? Давай поедем в Сочи?

2. Here's what we'll do. Вот что мы сделаем.

3. the Travel Agency ['traevl'eidssnsi] Бюро путешествий.

4. the largest ['Ia:d3ist] and most [moust] beautiful resort самый большой и самый красивый курорт

5. Sochi is the town we should go to. Сочи — это тот город, куда нам следует поехать.

6. the Augura Waterfalls ['гедзгэ 'wD:t3fo:lz] Агурские водопады

Exercise 1. Read and translate the text.

Exercise 2. Find in the text English equivalents for these word combinations and sentences. '

1. планы на предстоящий отпуск. 2. снова поехать туда 3. Я люблю море. 4. мы сможем посетить. 5. который происходит, б. Мы услышим новые песни. 7. и другие достопримечательности. 8. знаменитый оперный театр. 9. Я должен буду пойти. 10. ходили на экскурсии в горы. 11. защищают от холодного ветра. 12. около двух миллионов человек. 13. нам следует поехать. 14. им жаль было покидать.

Exercise 3. Answer these questions.

1. Why do the Pavlovs want to go to Sochi for their holiday? 2. How will they get to Sochi? 3. Why will they have to bock plane and boat tickets in advance? 4. They'll see many interesting places in Odessa, won't they? 5. Will they be able to attend the Festival of Song in Sochi? 6. What will they do in Sochi? 7. Will they go boating and swimming? 8. Sochi is the most beautiful resort in the Caucasus, isn't it? 9. What mountains protect Sochi from the cold north winds? 10. How many people come to Sochi every year? 11. The Pavlovs enjoyed their stay in Sochi, didn't they?

Exercise 4. Respond to these statements according to the models.

a) Do you want me to go there with you?

Yes. Will you go there with me?

1. Do you want me to attend the Festival of Song? 2. Do you want me to spend my holiday in Sochi? 3. Do you want me to show them round the city tomorrow? 4. Do you want me to sit in a lounge chair on deck? 5. Do you want me to book plane tickets for them? 6. Do you want me to speak English now?

b) I'm sorry I can't finish the book today, (tomorrow) Will you be able to finish it tomorrow?

1. I'm sorry I can't take you to the Botanical Gardens today, (tomorrow) 2. I'm sorry I can't book train tickets before lunch, (after lunch) 3. He's sorry he can't go for a hike after breakfast, (after lunch) 4. She's sorry she can't attend his lecture today, (tomorrow) 5. He's sorry he can't go boating today, (tomorrow) 6. I'm sorry I can't go swimming before breakfast, (before lunch)

c) Did you go shopping yesterday? (Peter)

No, I didn't have to. Peter did it.

1. Did you go to the Travel Agency yesterday? (John) 2. Did you book seats for the Opera House? (Mike) 3. Did Jane show them round the city? (John) 4. Did you show them round the college? (Peter) 5. Did Mike settle that matter? (Jane) 6. Did you take a taxi for them? (John)

d) Will you have to speak to him about that?

Yes, I'll have to. (Yes, I'll have to speak to him about that.)

1. Will you have to attend Mr Black's lecture? 2. Will she have to sing at the party? 3. Will they have to go on tour next month? 4. Will they have to book boat and plane tickets in advance? 5. Will he have to settle that matter? 6. Will they have to take a plane there?

e) Could you go to see them yesterday? (I had a lot of things to do last night.)

No, I couldn't. (No, I couldn't go to see them yesterday.)

I had a lot of things to do last night.

1. Could you go swimming yesterday? (The weather was bad.) 2. Could you speak about the plans for the coming holiday? (Peter was very busy.) 3. Could you go hoating last night? (We were very tired.) 4. Could they go on a trip to the Crimea* last month? (Peter didn't have a holiday last month.) 5. Could you go swimming yesterday? (The sea was stormy.**)

* the Crimea [krai'tnia] Крым

** stormy ['sto:mi] а бурный, грозовой, штормовой

 

f) Should I go to the show tomorrow? I'd advise you to go. (I'd advise you to go to the show.)

1. Should we go for a hike in the mountains? 2. Should I attend his lecture? 3. Should they go on a trip? 4. Should I book plane tickets in advance? 5. Should we go there again?

Exercise 5. a) Compare the meanings of the verbs to say, to tell, to speak and to talk.

 

 

 

1. What did you say! 2. He says (that) it is time to start work. 3. "Every morning say "hello" to your friends," the young mother said to her little son. 4. He told me about his son. 5. I have a lot to tell you. 6. He told me his name. 7. Tell me where you live. 8. Did he tell you to translate that article? 9. Will you speak slowly*, please. 10. Can your sister speak German! 11. Do you know Mr Brown well? Can you speak to him about John? 12. He spoke at the meeting for forty minutes. 13. Bill is talking to a friend now. 14. What are they talking about! 15. They talked for two hours.

* slowly ['slouli] adv медленно

 

Exercise 6. Translate into Engiish. Use the verbs to say, to tell, to speak and to talk.

1. Кто сказал вам об этом? 2. «Вы должны всегда гово-. рить "здравствуйте" своим учителям»,— сказала учительница первоклассникам. 3. Он говорит, что пора идти на работу. 4. Они проговорили два часа о планах на предстоящий отпуск. 5. Сказал ли он вам свое имя? 6. Что он сказал вам? 7. Можете ли вы сказать мне, где сейчас Петр? S. Говорите, пожалуйста, медленно. 9. Не могли бы вы поговорить с г-ном Брауном о моей книге? 10. Выступал ли г-н Браун на последнем собрании? 11. О чем беседуют эти два друга? 12. Сколько временивы проговорили (беседовали) вчера.

Exercise 7. Make up twelve sentences using the verbs to say, to tell, to speak and to talk.

Exercise 8. Complete these sentences. Use active words and word combinations.

1. Will you attend...? 2.1 hope the weather.... 3. I'd like to spend.... 4. The sea was.... 5. They went for.... 6. The city is famous for.... 7. Every year a Festival of Song.... 8. He hopes hewiil be able to.... 9. They didn't have to.... 10. They even.... 11. May I interrupt you? I'd like to.... 12. Here's what we'll do...

Exercise 9. Insert articles where necessary.

1. They talked to us about their plans for... coming holiday. 2. She says that she loves... sea. 3. They'll go on... trip to... Caspian Sea. 4. We'll take... plane to Paris. 5. They'll go to London by... train. 6. You'll have to go to... Travel Agency and book... train tickets. 7. There are a lot of lounge chairs on... deck. You may sit there and enjoy... sea. 8. I hope... weather will be fine on Sunday. Then we shall be able to go to... country. 9. They lived in... town of Vilnius. 10. I hope they enjoyed... holiday that they spent in Sochi last month. 11. They liked... places of interest they visited in St. Petersbourg.

Exercise 10. Insert prepositions or adverbs.

1. What is this town famous...? 2. I've never been... New York. 3. We'll lie... the sun... the beach. 4. I'll speak... then... our trip... the Caucasus. 5. "I'll show you... the city lived there a few years ago and I know it very well," said Ann. 6. There is a monument... Minin and Pozharsky in Red Square. 7.... Odessa they will go... Sochi... boat. 8. Shall we have to book seats... advance? 9. She is going to sit... deck and look... the sea.

Exercise 11. Make up ten questions based on the text and answer them.

Exercise 12. Give a summary of the text "Plans for the Summer Holiday".

Exercise 13. Open the brackets and put the verbs in the proper tenses.

1. "You (to see) Peter and Nick this morning?" "Yes, I (to meet) them a few minutes ago. They (to go) for a hike in the mountains." "They (to come back) today?" "I (not to know). They may come back in the evening." 2. "You ever (to be) to Odessa?" "Yes, I (to spend) my holiday there last year." "Where you (to go) for your holiday this summer?" "I (to go) on a trip to Siberia in August." 3. "That's a beautiful song, isn't it? Who (to sing) it?" "Some students from Kiev." 4. "You (to go) to attend the Festival of Song in Sochi, aren't you? When the Festival (to take) place?" "It (to begin) the day after tomorrow." 5. "The sea (to be) calm today. Let's go on deck." "That's a good idea. We (to sit) in lounge chairs and enjoy the sun and the sea."

Exercise 14. Ask questions to which the italicized words are the answers.

1. Nick will spend his summer holidays in Riga. (2) 2. They attended the conference in Paris. (2) 3. He will show you some interesting places tomorrow. (3) 4. The Music Festival will take place in Moscow next year. (3)

Exercise 15. Make up sentences using the following word combinations with the verbs to go and to come.

to go (by boat, by plane, by train, by bus), to go for a walk, to go to school (to college), to go to bed, to go out, to go to see, to go boating (swimming), to go on a trip, to go on tour, to come back, to come home, to come to see, to come from

Exercise 16. Translate into English.

1. Куда вы едете в отпуск? — В Таллин. Мы никогда там не были, и нам бы хотелось осмотреть достопримечательности этого интересного города. 2. Прошлое лето мы провели в Крыму. Мы остановились в Ялте на неделю, а потом поехали в Феодосию. Мы купались в море, загорали на пляже и катались на лодке. 3. Вы будете присутствовать на лекции сегодня? — Да. Где она будет? — В 25-й аудитории. 4. Завтра Петр должен будет пойти в Бюро путешествий и заказать билеты на пароход. 5. Они надеются, что путешествие доставит им большое удовольствие. 6. Нам нужно будет решить эти (деловые) вопросы завтра. 7. «Мы собираемся пойти на прогулку в горы. Хотите пойти с нами?» — прервал его Петр. «С удовольствием. Я очень люблю бродить по горам (ходить на прогулки в горы),— ответил Николай. 8. Город Сухуми славится своим Ботаническим садом. 9. Вам понравилось путешествие? — Да, погода была теплая, море спокойное. 10. Какая сегодня погода? — День очень теплый. 11. Мне показать им дорогу в Ботанический сад? — Да, пожалуйста.

Exercise 17. Ask your colleagues these questions and sum up the answers.

a) 1. What are your plans for the coming holiday? 2. Where will you go for your holiday? 3. How long are you going to stay there? 4. What other places are you going to visit? 5. Will your family go together with you? 6. How will you go there: by plane or by train?

b) 1. Where is your friend going to spend his holiday? 2. Has he ever been there before? 3. What places of interest will he be able to see there? 4. Will he be able to go swimming and boating? 5. Is he fond of swimming? 6. Will he have to stay in a hotel?

Exercise 18. Make up situations using the words given below.

a) Plans for Holidays: coming, to talk about, to interrupt, to go on a trip, to hope, the weather, to book tickets, to spend, to enjoy, again.

b) On the Beach: to be famous for, fine beaches, in the sun, to bathe, warm, calm, to be fond of, even, to go boating.

c) A Trip by Boat: to go by boat, on deck, lounge chairs, in the sun, calm, to listen to music, to sing songs, to play chess, to enjoy.

Exercise 19. a) Make up stories on these topics, b) Write a story on one of the topics.

1. Plans for the coming holidays). 2. My friend's plans for his holiday(s). 3. How I spent my last summer holiday (my last winter* holiday).

* winter ['wintaj n зима; winter holiday отпуск зимой; winter holidays зимние каникулы

 

LESSON SIXTEEN

 

Conversations: A. Transport: At a Railway Station. Booking Airline Tickets. At the Airport. B. An Enjoyable Holiday. С It is Nice to See You Again.

Learn these speech patterns

1. Its nice to see you again. Приятно вновь встретиться с вами.

Exercise 1. Make up sentences using the table and translate them.

 

 

2. You are looking (look) very well. Вы очень хорошо выглядите.

Exercise 2. Make up sentences using the table and translate them.

 

 

3. We'relooking forward to showing you around. Я с нетерпением жду момента, когда смогу показать вам город. Гт looking forward to the trip. Я с нетерпением жду поездки.

Exercise 3. Make up sentences using the table and translate them.

 

 

Exercise 4. Translate into English

1. Приятно вновь встретиться с вами. 2. Анна очень хорошо выглядит, не так ли? 3. Вы очень хорошо выглядите сегодня. 4. Мы с нетерпением ждем поездки в Самарканд. 5. Мы с нетерпением ждем, когда сможем прочитать вашу новую книгу. Exercise S. Make up nine sentences using patterns 1, 2 and 3.

Learn these words and word combinations

 

 

A. TRANSPORT

AT A RAILWAY STATION

1.

A: When does the Kiev train leave, please?

B: At 10 o'clock, platform 3.

A: What time does it arrive?

B: Five o'clock in the evening. It takes about seven hours to get there.

A: Do I have to change?

B: No, it's a through train.

2.

A: Is there a through train to Aberdeen* г. Абердин?

В: No, there isn't. You have to change at Edinburgh**.

A: What time is the next train to Edinburgh, please?

B: At 10.35 in the evening.

* Aberdeen [.aeba'dirn]

** Edinburgh ['edinbare г.Эдинбург]

 

BOOKING AIRLINE TICKETS

Passenger: I'd like to book a flight to Geneva for Monday the twelfth. Booking clerk: Just a minute, I'll see what there is.

Passenger: I'd like to travel economy class, please.

Booking clerk: Aeroflot Flight 048 leaves at 0920.^l "

Passenger: What time do I have to be there?

Booking clerk: You'll have to be at Air Terminal by 0810. The coach leaves for the airport at 0815.

AT THE AIRPORT

Announcer: Aeroflot announces the departure of Flight Number 502² to Vienna at Gate Number 7.

Mr Wilson: I'm afraid I must be going.

Mr Brown: Here's a copy of today's newspaper. You may find something interesting in it. Goodbye and all the best.

Mr Wilson: Goodbye. Thanks for everything.

B. AN ENJOYABLE HOLIDAY

(Mr Brown has just returned from Italy, and is talking to Petrov.)

Petrov: How did you enjoy your holiday?

Mr Brown: Oh, I liked Italy very much.

Petrov: What about the weather?

B: Well, it was fairly good, though we had quite a lot of rain.

P: Oh, what a pity.

B: Well, when the sun shone it was really lovely. On the whole it was a very enjoyable holiday.

С. IT IS NICE TO SEE YOU AGAIN

(John Masters meets Paul Ivanov, a Russian scientist, at the airport.)

John: Hello, Paul. Nice to see you again.

Paul: Hello, John. You're looking very well.

John: Here,³ let me carry those bags.

Paul: Oh, no, please don't bother. I can manage all right.

John: Well, we're going to the hotel now. By the way, what would you like to see while you are here? We're

looking forward to showing you around.

Paul: Thank you. That's certainly very nice of you.

Notes.

1. 0920 = 9.20. Обратите внимание на то, как указывается время в расписаниях авиалиний.

2. Flight Number 502 Рейс № 502

3. Here послушайте (давайте)

Exercise 6. Read and translate the dialogues.

Exercise 7. Find in the dialogues English equivalents for these word combinations and sentences.

1. Когда отправляется киевский поезд? 2. Два билета в один конец в первом классе... 3. Один обратный билет сроком на три дня. 4. Объявляет об отправлении рейса № 502. 5. Она (погода) была довольно хорошая. 6. когда светило солнце. 7. Вы очень хорошо выглядите. 8.Не беспокойтесь. 9. действительно очень любезно с вашей стороны.

Exercise 8. Quote the sentences in which these words and word combinations are used in the dialogues.

a through train, to change, single, platform, pleasure, to book a flight, to travel economy class, coach, gate, to manage

Exercise 9. Make the necessary substitutions and reproduce the dialogues.

1. A: When does the Edinburgh train leave?

B: At 10 o'clock, platform 3.

(B: 9.25, 4; 6.45 in the evening, 6)

2. A: Do I have to change?

B: No, its a through train.

{B: Yes, you have a change at Leeds.)

3. A: I'd like to book a flight to Moscow for Sunday the fifth.

B: Just a minute, I'll see what there is.

(A: London for Monday the thirteenth, Tbilisi for Thursday the twenty third)

4. A: What time do I have to be at the Air Terminal?

B: You'll have to be there by 0920. The coach leaves for the airport at 0930.

(B: 0315, 0325; 1140, 1150)

5. A: What about the weather?

B: Well, it was fairly good.

(B: we had a lot of rain it was wonderful, the sun shone all the time)

6. A: How did you like your holiday?

B: It was a very enjoyable holiday.

(B: good, interesting)

7. А: Hello, Bill. Nice to see you again.

B: Hello, John. You're looking very well,

(B: fine, very tired)

8. A: Let me carry those bags.

B: Oh no, please don't bother. I can manage all right.

(A: do it for you, carry those books, take a taxi for you, book you a hotel)

9. A: I'm looking forward to showing you round the town.

B: That's certainly very nice of you.

(A showing you our country, taking you to the Botanical Gardens)

Exercise 10. Fill in the blanks with missing remarks. Reproduce the dialogues.

1. A When does the Kiev train leave, please?

B:...

2. A: Do I have to change?

B:...

3. A: How much do I have to pay for two six-day returns to London?

B:...

4. A: Which platform does the London train leave from?

B:...

5. A: Could I book a flight to Moscow for Sunday the nineteenth? I'd like to travel first class, please.

B:...

6. A: Did the radio announce my flight?

B:...

Exercise 11. Think of the questions and statements to which the following sentences are the answers.

1. A-...?

B: At 9.25. Platform 5.

2. A:...?

B: No, it's a through train.

3. A:..?

B: You have to change at Kiev.

4. A:..?

B: Just a minute, I'll see what there is.

5. A:..?

B: You'll have to be at the Air Terminal by 1215. The coach leaves for the airport at 1225.

6. A:..?

B: The radio says "Aeroflot announces the departure of Flight Number 048 to Moscow at Gate Number 3".

7. A:...?

B: Oh, I liked Samarkand very much.

8. A:...?

B: The weather was wondertul. The sun shone brightly all the time.

9. A:...?

B: On the whole it was an enjoyable holiday.

10. A-...?

B: Hello, Peter. You look fine.

11. A...?

B: Oh, no, please don't bother, I can manage all right.

12. A...?

B: I'd like to see the city.

13. A...

B: That's certainly very nice of you.

Exercise 12. Reproduce the dialogues in pairs.

Exercise 13. Act as interpreter.

А: Где вы собираетесь провести свой отпуск?

В: My wife and I are going to Russia for our summer holiday.

А: Вы когда-нибудь бывали в России?

В: No, we've never been there.

А: Где бы вы хотели побывать? В каких городах?

В: We'd like to see Moscow, St. Petersburg and some other cities and towns.

А: Вы полетите самолетом или поедете пароходом?

В: We'll go by plane. It won't take us much time.

А: Сколько времени вы собираетесь пробыть в стране.

В: I think we'll stay there for three weeks.

Exercise 14. Translate into English.

1. — Когда отходит лондонский поезд?

— В 8.35 утра от 5-й платформы.

— Когда он прибывает в Лондон?

— Около 4 часов дня. Требуется 7 часов, чтобы доехать до Лондона.

2. — Есть ли прямой поезд до Баку?

— Да, конечно.

— От какой платформы он отходит?

— От шестой.

3. — Есть ли прямой поезд до Каунаса (Kaunas ['kauna:s])?

— Нет. Вам нужно будет сделать пересадку в Вильнюсе (Vilnius ['vilnias]).

— Спасибо.

— Пожалуйста.

4. — Мне хотелось бы заказать билет (на самолет) до Москвы на 15 сентября.

— Одну минуточку, я посмотрю, что у нас есть. Есть два места в первом классе и три места в туристическом классе. Какое бы вы хотели взять?

— Я возьму место в первом классе.

5. — Когда я должен быть на аэровокзале?

— Вам нужно быть на аэровокзале к 9.30. В 9.40 отправляется автобус в аэропорт.

6. — Боюсь, что я должен идти. По радио объявили о моем рейсе.

— Какой выход?

— Выход 9.

— Возьмите эту книгу. Она довольно интересная. До свидания и всего наилучшего.

— До свидания. Спасибо за все.

7. — Я никогда не был в Италии.

— Я был там два года тому назад.

8. — Какая была погода?

— Шли сильные дожди в течение недели.

— Как жаль.

9. — Здравствуйте, Петр. Мне очень приятно вновь увидеться с вами.

— Здравствуйте, Билл. Мне тоже очень приятно встретиться с вами. Вы очень хорошо выглядите.

— Спасибо. А вот вы выглядите усталым.

— У меня болен сын.

— Как жаль.

10. — Разрешите мне заказать комнату в гостинице для вас.

— Спасибо, не беспокойтесь. Я сам сделаю это.

11. — Я с удовольствием покажу вам город.

— Очень любезно с вашей стороны.

Exercise 15. Make up dialogues based on these situations.

1. Buying (booking) tickets for a train. 2. At a railway station asking about the platform the train leaves from. 3. Booking airline tickets. 4. Talking about plans for the coming holiday. 5. Exchanging impressions about summer holidays. 6. Meeting a foreign colleague at the airport.

Exercise 16. Make up dialogues based on this picture.

"Have a good holyday!"

 

LESSON SEVENTEEN

 

NEW GRAMMAR STRUCTURES

 

1. The Simple Present Tense in Clauses of Time and Condition* (The Simple Present Tense во временных и условных придаточных предложениях)

* condition [ksn'dijn]

 

В обстоятельственных придаточных предложениях условия и времени, вводимых союзами if если, when когда, after после того, как, before прежде чем, as soon as как только, until, till пока не; до тех пор, пока (не), для выражения будущих действий употребляется Simple Presentвместо Simple Future.

If I have my holiday in July, I shall go to Yalta. Если у меня отпуск будет в июле, я поеду в Ялту. If the sea is calm tomorrow, they will go boating. Если завтра море будет спокойное, они поедут кататься на лодке.

I shall phone you as soon as he gives an naswer. Я позвоню вам, как только он даст ответ. Please wake me up when you get up. Разбуди меня, когда встанешь.

ПРИМЕЧАНИЕ. Если придаточное предложение предшествует главному, то оно отделяется запятой.

If he calls me up, I shall tell him about it. H o: I shall tell him about it if he calls me up.

Exercise 1. Read and translate these sentences. Pay attention to the use of tenses.

1. "I'll call you up as soon as I buy tickets for the train, " Peter said. 2. If the weather is fine, we shall be able to go to the mountains. 3. Please book a return ticket if you go to Sochi. 4. If he returns home before Friday, he will help us to do the translation. 5. If you want to see all these places, you will have to stay here for a week. 6. Please drive us to the airport if you have time tomorrow morning. 7. As soon as you return home, call me up. 8. They will go for a walk before they go to bed. 9. Speak to him about it when you see him. 10. She will not be able to tell him, about it till he phones her. 11. Will you wait until he comes back?

Exercise 2, Join these sentences according to the model.

We shall go out on Friday. We shall not be tired, (if) We shall go out on Friday if we are not tired. 1. I shall write you a letter. I shall arrive in London, (as soon as) 2. He will have to speak to the manager. He will leave for Rome, (before) 3. He will stay there for another week. He will not settle the matter, (if) 4. We shall have to wait for Peter. He will be late, (if) 5. I shall receive visitors. We shall discuss the plan, (after) 6. She will give you the book. She will read it. (when) 7. I shall tell him about it. I shall see him. (when) 8. He will not be able to settle the matter. The manager will come back from a business trip, (till)

Exercise 3. Respond to the statements according to the model.

If Tom meets us at the station, he'll take us to the hotel.

But what'll we do if he doesn't meet us?

1. If they help us, it'll take us half an hour to translate the text. 2. If it is fine tomorrow, we'll go for a walk. 3. If he calls me up tonight, I'll ask him to book tickets for a plane. 4. I'll be able to settle the matter if I stay there for another week.

Exercise 4. Complete these sentences.

1. If there are return tickets to Tashkent... 2. After you return from Sochi... 3. As soon as the festival begins... 4. He will have to stay there for another week if... 5. I shall bring you some other books when... 6. They will go on a trip next summer if...

Exercise 5. Translate into English.

1. Если у вас есть время, позвоните Петру. 2. После того, как вы закажете билеты, скажите Михаилу об этом. 3. Поедем ли мы купаться, если погода будет хорошая? 4. Я не смогу написать вам, пока не вернусь из Сочи. 5. Если вы останетесь еще на три дня, я смогу показать Вам достопримечательности города. 6. Когда вы увидите г-на Грина, попросите его позвонить мне. 7. Я просмотрю газеты после того, как мы позавтракаем. 8. До того, как мы выедем, нам ну-хно будет купить подарки для друзей. 9. Давайте зайдем в кафе после того, как увидим достопримечательности.

Exercise 6. Make up six sentences usiag clauses of time and condition.

 

 

Future Contunuous образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола to be в форме Simple Future и Present Participle смыслового глагола. Future Contunuous употребляется для выражения действия, которое будет совершаться, протекать в то или иное время в будущем. Эта форма выражает действие, хотя и реальное, но всего лишь планируемое, ожидаемое или предполагаемое.

"Vll be seeing them tomorrow morning, " he said,— Я увижу их завтра утром,— сказал он.

"I'm afraid be having a lecture at that time on Wednesday, " she answered. Боюсь, что у меня будет лекция в это время в среду,— ответила она.

Сравните:

Will you visit him tomorrow, please? Навестите его завтра, пожалуйста. (Я прошу вас навестить его.) — Will you be visiting him tommorrow? Вы навестите его завтра? (Вопрос в вежливой форме.)

ПРИМЕЧАНИЯ: 1. В современной разговорной речи Present Continuous и Future Continuous могут быть взаимозаменяемы.

Не is not coming to the party. Он не придет на вечер Не will not be coming to the party. Он не придет на вечер

2. Следует иметь в виду, что Future Continuous имеет сравнительно узкую сферу употребления.

Exercise 7. Read and translate these sentences.

1. "He'll be leaving next week, "John said. 2. She says she'll be having lunch in a cafe at that time. 3. We'll be having coffee after dinner. 4. "He'll be lecturing on Russian art next year, " she said. 5."Hurry up! The train will be leaving in a minute, " Mary said. 6. Will you be staying here long? 7. What will they be having for breakfast? 8. Where will you be spending your holiday? 9. Will you be writing to her next week? 10. When will you be having your next French class?

Exercise 8. Transform these sentences accordiag to the model.

a) Are you going to help him?

Will you be helping him?

1. Are you going to stay in Tallinn for a week? 2. Are you going to have fruit for lunch? 3. When are they going back to the University? 4. Is he going to visit the Browns again this week? 5. When are you going to have your next lecture on French art? 6. What are they going to have for lunch?

b) You will call her up tomorrow.

Will you be calling her up tomorrow?

1. You will write to him again. 2. You're going to see your mother next week. 3. She's going to take the children to the Zoo. 4. He'll look through the papers. 5. They're going to have tea.

Exercise 9. Make up seven sentences using the Future Continuous Tense.

 

3. Comparative* Structures (Сравнительные конструкции)

 

* comparative [кэт'ршгэиу]

 

This book is as good as that one. Эта книга такая же хорошая, как и та.

These books are as good as those. Эти книги такие же хорошие, как и те.

Магу has as many books as Peter (has). У Мери столько же книг, сколько у Петра.

Nick speaks French as well as John (does). Ник говорит по-французски так же хорошо, как и Джон.

The sea is as calm today as it was yesterday. Море сегодня такое же спокойное, как и вчера.

This book is not as good as that one. Эта книга не такая хорошая, как та.

These books are not as good as those. Эти книги не такие хорошие, как те.

Mary hasn' t as many books as Peter (has). У Мери не так много книг, как у Петра.

Nick doesn't speak French as well as Peter (does). Ник говорит по-французски не так хорошо, как Петр.

Не won't be able to work as much as he did a few years ago. Он не сможет так много работать, как работал несколько лет тому назад.

При сравнении для замены ранее упомянутого исчисляемого существительного в единственном числе употребляется местоимение one.

This book is as good as that one.

H o: These books are as good as those.

Если перед сравниваемым существительным (во второй части сравнительной конструкции) стоит существительное в притяжательном падеже, то сравниваемое существительное опускается.

My holiday is not as long as Peter's. У меня не такой длинный отпуск, как у Петра.

При сравнении действий во второй части сравнительной конструкции обычно употребляется соответствующий вспомогательный или модальный глагол.

He can play chess as well as John can. Он играет шахматы так же хорошо, как и Джон.

Не cannot play chess as well as John can. Он не умеет играть в шахматы так же хорошо, как и Джон.

Exercise 10. Read and translate these sentences.

1. "I don't think these pictures are as good as his, " Bill said. 2. This sweater is as nice as your red one. 3. The film is not as interesting as the novel. 4. I am as busy today as I was yesterday. 5. I cannot play tennis as well as Peter can. 6. He does not speak German as well as Mary does. 7. I do not get up on Sunday as early as I do on Monday. 8. He did not stay there as long as you did. 9. This song is as good as the one we heard yesterday. 10. This film is not as interesting as the one we saw last Sunday. 11. Ann cannot sing as well as you can. 12. This lecture is as important as the one we had last week.

Exercise 11. Respond to these questions according to the models.

a) John is young. And Ben?

Ben is as young as John. Ben isn't as young as Ben.

1. Peter is busy. And Bill? 2. Bill is tired. And Dick? 3. German is difficult. And French? 4. Lesson 12 is easy. And lesson 14? 5. Max has many English books. And Tom?

b) Jane can speak French well. And Mary?

Mary can speak French as well as Jane can. Mary can't speak French as well as Jane can.

1. Jack plays tennis well. And Ted? 2. Peter saw many interesting places there. And John? 3. Mary can speak English well. And Helen? 4. The Browns will be able to stay in Rome long. And the Smiths? 5. My brother often goes to the theatre. And you?

Exercise 12. Join these sentences using the pronoun one. Translate them.

a) This novel is interesting. That novel is interesting, too. This novel is as interesting as that one.

1. This magazine is interesting. That magazine is interesting, too. 2. The blue coat is nice. The dark brown coat is nice, too. 3. The old textbook is good. The new textbook is good, too. 4. The new sofa is comfortable. The old sofa is comfortable, too.

b) This novel is interesting. The novel you gave me last week is interesting, too.

This novel is as interesting as the one you gave me last week.

1. This story is long. The story you told us yesterday was long, too. 2. This picture is good. The picture you showed me yesterday was good, too. 3. This film is interesting. The film we saw last Sunday was interesting, too. 4. This article is difficult. The article we translated yesterday was difficult, too.

Exercise 13. Translate into English.

1. Этот (многоквартирный) дом такой же большой, как и тот. 2. У Петра такая же хорошая квартира, как и у Николая. 3. Я так же часто обедаю в институтской столовой, как и вы. 4. День сегодня tl:сой же чудесный, как и вчера. 5. Вы выглядите таким же усталым, как и он. 6. Мой брат встает так же рано, как и вы. 7. Вы не пробыли там так долго, как мы. 8. Это кресло не такое удобное, как то. 9. Анна говорит по-французски не так хорошо, как вы. 10. Встаете ли вы в воскресенье так же рано, как и во вторник? 11. Эта книга не такая интересная, как та, которую вы принесли мне на прошлой неделе.

 

4. "It" as Subject (It в функции подлежащего)

 

Местоимение it используется в качестве формально-грамматического подлежащего в предложениях, в которых имеется логическое подлежащее, выраженное инфинитивом.

It is difficult to answer your question. Трудно ответить на ваш вопрос.

Exercise 14. Answer these questions.

1. Is it difficult or easy to learn spoken English? 2. Was it easy to book seats for the Bolshoi Theatre? 3. Is it easy or difficult to settle business matters? 4. Was it difficult to learn French? 5. Is it difficult to listen to lectures on English literature? 6. Is it easy or difficult for you to get up early?

Exercise 15. Respond to these questions according to the model.

Peter is learning spoken English, (difficult) Is it difficult to learn spoken English?

1. My younger brother is learning spoken French, (easy) 2. They settled the matter yesterday, (difficult) 3. He booked seats for the Bolshoi Theatre, (difficult) 4. I usually get up early in the morning, (easy) 5. He bought tickets for the footbal match, (easy)

Exercise 16. Translate into English.

1. Очень трудно вставать рано. 2. Трудно ли научиться водить машину? 3. Боюсь, что этот вопрос будет нелегко решить. 4. Надеюсь, что будет не трудно заказать билеты на новый фильм. 5. "Всегда очень трудно купить подарок для жены",— сказал Петр. 6. Мне очень трудно вставать рано. 7. Не будет ли вам трудно помочь мне перевести статью завтра?