Paraphrase the sentences using Participles instead of italicised clauses.

Model: When the shop assistant discovered that he had a talent for music, he gave up his job to become a professional singer. - Discovering that he had a talent for music, the shop assistant gave up his job to become a professional singer.

As he had witnessed the crime,he was expected to give evidence in court. - Having witnessed the crime, he was expected to give evidence in court.

1. When the editor learned that his newspaper had been taken over by another publisher, he resigned from his position. 2. I declined his offer of a loan and said that I didn't like owing people money. 3. The demonstrator, who protested violently, was led away by the police. 4. When I visit a strange city,I like to have a guide-book with me. 5. Motorists who intend to take their cars with them to the Continent are advised to make early reservations. 6. Now that I have heard your side of the question,I am more inclined to agree with you. 7. As he had been warned that bad weather lay ahead, the ship's captain changed course.

Join the groups of sentences, using Participles, and making any necessary changes in word order.

Model: 1.He got off the bus. He helped his grandmother. - Getting off the bus, he helped his grandmother.

2. They found the treasure. They began quarrelling about how to divide it. - Having found the treasure, they began quarrelling about how to divide it.

3. He was exhausted by his work. He threw himself on the bed. - Being exhausted by his work, he threw himself on the bed.

I. 1. He realized that he had missed the last train. He began to walk. 2. She didn't want to hear the story again. She had heard it all before. 3. She entered the room suddenly. She found them smoking. 4. I turned on the light. I was astonished at what I saw. 5. We visited the museum. We decided to have lunch in the park. 6. He offered to show us the way home. He thought we were lost. 7. She asked me to help her. She realized that she couldn't move it alone. 8. He fed the dog. He sat down to his own dinner. 9. I have looked through the fashion magazines. I realize that my clothes are hopelessly out of date. 10. I didn't like to sit down. I knew that the grass was very wet.

II. 1. I was away at the time of the disastrous floods. I could, therefore, do nothing to help with salvage work. 2. I found I had wasted my time going to the sale. The best bargains had already been snapped up earlier in the day. 3. The rescue party decided that it would be hopeless to carry out a search while the fog persisted. They put off their rescue bid until the next day. 4. He was brought up in the belief that pleasures were sinful. As a result, he now leads an ascetic life. 5. The children had a week's holiday. The school had been closed because of an influenza epidemic. 6. One can allow for the fact that the orchestra was under-rehearsed. Even so, last night's concert was extremely disappointing. 7. He was very angry when his car broke down. He had had it serviced only a week before. 8. No one was surprised at the change in Bank Rate. It had already been confidently expected by investors. 9. The man lost interest in his work. He had been passed over in favor of an outsider when a senior position became vacant. 10. He had to put off buying a house. The bank was unable to lend him any money at that time.

Replace the attributive clauses by the Participle.

Model: All the people who live in this house are students. - All the people living in this house are students.

1. The man who is speaking now is our new secretary. 2. The apparatus that stands on the table in the corner of the laboratory is quite new. 3. The young man who helps the professor in his experiments studies at an evening school. 4. People who take books from the library must return them in time. 5. There are many pupils in our class who take part in the perform­ance.

Replace the adverbial clauses of time by the Participle.

Model: When you speak English, pay attention to the intonation. - (When) Speaking English, pay attention to the intonation.

1. Be careful when you are crossing a street. 2. When you are leaving the room, don't forget to switch off the light. 3. When you begin to work with the dictionary, don't forget my instruc­tions. 4. When they were travelling in Central Africa, the explorers met many wild animals. 5. When you are copying English texts, pay attention to the articles. 6. You must have much practice when you are learning to speak a foreign language.