V . Перепишите и переведите предложения, определите в них видовременные формы глаголов и укажите их инфинитив.

 

1. The delegates will be met at the station.

2. Scientists have worked out special equipment for this purpose.

3. Splendid new buildings have changed the city’s appearance.

 

VI. Перепишите предложения. Трансформируйте их в страдательный залог, если это возможно. Переведите получившиеся предложения.

 

1. She showed me the text which her brother had translated.

2. He will have completed his experiment by the end of the month.

3. At last they agreed upon the date of the visit.

 

VII. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите. Выпишите причастия, определите их форму и функцию.

 

1. Most of the scientists invited to the conference were leading specialists in various branches of economy.

2. Having been tested the machine was put into operation.

3. The temperature being raised, the kinetic energy is increased.

 

VIII. Перепишите предложения и переведите. Выпишите из предложений герундий (где он есть), определите его функцию.

 

1. Before our testing the new synthetic film we measured its length and thickness. 2. Modelling will help him greatly in designing the device.

3. Professor Petrov’s studying the properties of various kinds of glass gives much material for future scientific research.

 

I X. Прочтите и письменно переведите текст.

 

SOLAR ENERGY

 

Solar energy has proved to be an ideal source of power. Man had learned to obtain electric power directly from the sun. In a climate where continuous sunshine can be guaranteed for long periods of the year architects have designed and built houses to be heated by solar radiation. The solar collector built into the roof consists of a number of blackened metal plates with spaces between them. Air is circulated between the plates and when heated, it passes through a large container filled with gravel. During the day the gravel heats up, and at night cold air is passed through the hot gravel and then to the rooms where warmth is required. A surprising feature of such a system is that under suitable conditions solar radiation can greatly raise the temperature of the air.

The simple principle of focusing the sun’s rays by mirrors has been applied to create a very-high-temperature furnace for melting metal alloys. To obtain a really high temperature for such furnaces by traditional methods is not easy. There is a limit of the temperature that can be achieved by combustion of fuels. Solar installations have no such limitations. Furnaces of this type are now under construction in many countries.

The device employed for converting solar energy into useful power is the solar cell. This is somewhat like thermocouple which consists of two dissimilar metals joined together. In the solar cell the junction is of two different kinds of semiconductors and the cell is energized not by heat but by light. The basic semiconductor employed in the solar cell is silicon in the form of a single crystal.

We know the solar energy to be produced by fusion of hydrogen atoms into helium atoms. The reaction that takes place in the sun is made possible due to extremely high temperatures – millions of degrees. Now the highest temperature commonly reached on earth can be measured in thousands of degrees. An electric arc, for instance, has the temperature of about 30000C. There are good prospects that this reaction of fusion can be reproduced artificially and in a controlled way on earth. If we had succeeded in doing it we should have found a complete solution to energy problems, for we have a vast store of hydrogen in the oceans, enough to satisfy the world’s power requirements for thousands, if not millions of years.

 

X. Письменно ответьте на вопросы к тексту.

 

1. For what purposes is the solar energy used?

2. What is the solar cell? How does it function?

3. Could the mankind find a complete solution to energy problems?

 

 

ВАРИАНТ 9

 

I. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык. Определите по грамматическим признакам и запишите, какой частью речи являются слова, оформленные окончанием – s, и какую функцию это окончание выполняет, т. е. служит ли оно:

а) показателем 3-го лица единственного числа глагола в Present Indefinite (Simple);

б) признаком множественного числа имени существительного;

в) показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного.

 

1. Jack tries to go round every city he visits.

2. Cadbury’s make fine chocolate.

3. She runs five miles a day.