Тема 12. Столичная полиция Лондона. Скотланд Ярд

New Words

1. to create - создавать

2. commissioner - комиссар

3. to split – разбивать, разделять

4. to mount – 1) подниматься, 2) садиться на лошадь

5. mounted - конный

6. grade - степень

7. superintendent – 1) старший полицейский офицер, 2) руководитель

8. apprehension - задержание

9. liberty - свобода

10. tribute – дань, должное

Next. The Metropolitan Police Force of London

The Metropolitan Police Force was created in 1829 by an Act of Parliament. It is the largest Police Force in Britain, policing an area of 742 square miles of Greater London.

The Force is controlled by the Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis under the general directions of the Home Secretary.

The Metropolitan Police District is divided into four Districts. Each District comprises five or six Divisions. The twenty three Divisions are divided into sub-Divisions, and a sub-Division is split into sectional police stations under the control of a Station Officer, who is usually a Sergeant.

The Metropolitan Police is divided into two main branches – the Criminal Investigation Department (the CID), and the uniformed branch. There are a number of specialist branches in the Force such as the Mounted Branch, the Dog Branch, the River Police, the Women police and others.

The main goals of policing include the prevention of crime and disorder, the preservation of the peace, the apprehension of offenders, the recovery of lost or stolen property, and the protection of life, property, and personal liberties.

Britain has no national police force, although police policy is governed by the central Government’s Home Office. Instead, there is a separate police force for each of 52 areas into which the country is divided. Each has a police authority – a committee of local county councillors and magistrates.

The forces co-operate with each other, but it is unusual for members of one force to operate in another’s area unless they are asked to give assistance. This happens when there has been a very serious crime. A Chief Constable (the most senior police officer of a force) may sometimes ask for the assistance of London’s police force, based at New Scotland Yard – known simply as «the Yard».

In most countries the police carry guns. In Britain, however, this is extremely unusual. Policemen do not, as a rule, carry firearms in their day-to-day work, though certain specialist units are trained to do so and can be called upon to help the regular police force in situations where firearms are involved, e.g. terrorist incidents, armed robberies, etc. The only policemen who routinely carry weapons are those assigned to guard politicians and diplomats, or special officers who patrol airports.

In certain circumstances specially trained police officers can be armed, but only with the signed permission of a magistrate.

All members of police must have gained a certain level of academic qualifications at school and undergone a period of intensive training. Like in the army, there are a number of ranks: after the Chief Constable comes the Assistant Chief Constable, Chief Superintendent, Chief Inspector, Inspector, Sergeant and Constable. There are about 150,000 policemen in Britain, or one officer for every 380 people in the population. Women make up about 10 per cent of the police force. The police are helped by a number of Special Constables – members of the public who work for the police voluntarily for a few hours a week.

Each police force has its own Criminal Investigation Department (CID). Members of CIDs are detectives, and they do not wear uniforms. The other uniformed people you see in British towns are traffic wardens. Their job is to make sure that drivers obey the parking regulations. They have no other powers – it is the police who are responsible for controlling offences like speeding, careless driving and drunken driving.

The duties of the police are varied, ranging from assisting at accidents to safeguarding public order and dealing with lost property. One of their main functions is, of course, apprehending criminals and would-be criminals.

 

New Words

Headquarters – главное управление, центр, штаб-квартира

To remove – перемещать, удалять, переезжать

Premise – помещение, дом

Hostility – враждебность, неприятие, сопротивление

Approval – одобрение, благоприятное мнение

Trust - доверие

Achievement - достижение

To foster – благоприятствовать, поощрять

Mutual - взаимное

Confidence - доверие

Outcry – протест, (общественное) негодование

Text. Scotland Yard

Scotland Yard is the headquarters of one of the oldest police forces in the world – London’s Metropolitan Police Service – known to Londoners as "the Met." Today, 33,000 Scotland Yard police officers safeguard one of the largest cities in Europe, patrolling nearly ten thousand miles of street, more than 200 miles of waterway, six hundred square miles of airspace, 24 hours a day, seven days a week.

The London police force was created in 1829 by an act introduced in Parliament by Home Secretary (similar to the U.S. Secretary of the Interior) Sir Robert Peel—hence the nickname "bobbies," for policeman. The new police superseded the old system of watchmen. By 1839 these men had replaced the Bow Street Patrols, who enforced the decisions of magistrates, and the River Police, who worked to prevent crime along the Thames.

The responsibility of organizing the new police force was placed on Colonel Charles Rowan and Richard Mayne, who occupied a private house at 4 Whitehall Place, the back of which opened onto a courtyard: the Great Scotland Yard. The Yard's name was inspired by its site, a medieval palace which housed Scottish royalty on their visits to London.

The staff of Scotland Yard was responsible for the protection of important individuals, community patrols, public affairs, recruitment and personnel management. When the Yard sent out its first plainclothes police agents in 1842, the public felt uncomfortable with these "spies" on the streets. But the force's role in several important cases, and the charisma of many of its detectives, helped it win the people's trust.

Литература

1. Английский язык.Учебное пособие по английскому языку (3 семестр)/ сост. С.В. Кулинская. – Краснодар: Краснодар. ун-т МВД России, 2012. – 163с.

2. Справочник по грамматике английского языка для юристов // Смирнова М.И. – Симферополь, 2016

3. Словари: англо-русский, русско-английский.

Тема 13. Интерпол

New Words

Supervision надзор, наблюдение

To hunt down охотиться, выслеживать

Bona fide добросовестный, добропорядочный

Sky-jacking угон воздушного средства, воздушное пиратство

To lead лидировать, быть лидером

To assist оказывать помощь, содействие

Wanted разыскиваемый

To safeguard охранять

To establish устанавливать

Charter хартия, устав

Treaty договор, устав

Observer наблюдатель

Intelligence разведка

Customs таможня

To disseminate распространять

Permanent staff постоянный состав

To subject подчинять

Murder убийство

Burglary кража со взломом

Assault нападение

Larceny воровство, кража

Car theft угон автомобиля

Missing person пропавший без вести

Bank fraud банковское мошенничество

Embezzlement хищение, растрата

Drug traffic транспортировка наркотиков

Forgery подделка документов, подлог

Counterfeiter фальшивомонетчик

Fingerprints отпечатки пальцев

Identification опознание, идентификация

Text. Interpol

Interpol is an international corporation founded in 1923 as a service organization devoted to coordinating actions against international criminals. Its clients are 174 agencies throughout the world. This organization is not under the control or supervision of any government.

Interpol is a recognized intergovernmental police force whose task is to hunt down international criminal. Interpol has never been recognized or established by any international charter or treaty and has no police powers. Because of Interpol’s cooperation with UN particularly in the area of drugs, Interpol was recognized as an intergovernmental organization.

Interpol does not have powers of arrest or any investigative rights. Its function is to disseminate information. Today 80 percent of the permanent staff is French. Interpol is much like any large corporation with bureaus in various countries and with representatives from these offices also stationed at the main office. Information is exchanged between the many national bureaus, but the police forces themselves are subject to the laws and policies of their respective nations.

Interpol is divided into four main bodies – the General Assembly, the Executive Committee, the General Secretariat and the National Central Bureaus.

The General Assembly is composed of the delegates from each member country. The Executive Committee is a nine-member board made up of the president, two vice presidents, and six delegates chosen by the General Assembly.

The General Secretariat, the permanent body, located in Lion, is Interpol’s business division. It contains «the permanent departments» four of which specialize in certain crimes: one handles murder, burglary, assault, larceny, car theft, and missing persons; another deals with bank frauds and other types of embezzlement; a third with drug traffic and moral offences; and a fourth deals with forgery and counterfeiting.

Other divisions are the general records department, where files are kept, and a special records department, where fingerprints and other methods of identification are used.

The National Central Bureaus are the Interpol offices in various countries. Each NCB is empowered to communicate directly with and exchange information with any other NCB.

 

Литература

1. Английский язык.Учебное пособие по английскому языку (3 семестр)/ сост. С.В. Кулинская. – Краснодар: Краснодар. ун-т МВД России, 2012. – 163с.

2. Справочник по грамматике английского языка для юристов // Смирнова М.И. – Симферополь, 2016

3. Словари: англо-русский, русско-английский.