Ex. 20. Define all the verbals and state their functions. Translate the sentences into Russian.

1. Life is far too important a thing ever to talk seriously about.

2. Life being very short and the quiet hours of it few, we ought to waste none of them in reading valueless books.

3. There’s no harm in trying.

4. Do everything you were told not to do.

5. The only thing to do with good advice is to pass it on; it is never of any use to oneself.

6. It has never been a habit of mine to say anything bad about myself.

7. Commander Blop entered the room, everybody smoking their ears off.

8. She stood smoking herself to death.

9. She was busy in talking and being charming.

10. Inside the house, little jets of freezing air came rushing in through the sides of the windows and under the doors, and there was no place to go to escape them.

11. Charlie went on wolfing the chocolate.

12. Some things are hard to remember.

13. The argument is that with this approach the stage is set for products to compete freely in a wider market, with consumers effectively choosing the type of trading environment in which they would like products to be produced.

14. The rest of the afternoon, weather permitting, we played football or soccer or baseball, depending (very loosely) on the season.

15. Along the shoreward edge of the shallows the advancing clearness was full of strange, moonbeambodied creatures with fiery eyes.

16. That sounds mean, to say, but I didn’t mean it mean.

17. That’s the whole trouble. When you’re feeling depressed, you can’t even think.

18. A whangdoodle would eat ten Oompa-Loompas for breakfast and come galloping back for a second helping.

19. It’s awfully hard work doing nothing.

20. There is no building a bridge across the ocean.

 

Ex. 21. Define all the verbals and state their functions. Translate the sentences into Russian.

1. If you agree to carry a calf, they’ll make you carry a cow.

2. When given a gift, accept with grace; when beaten, be quick to move to your place.

3. A word warmly said gives comfort even to a cat.

4. What is done cannot be undone.

5. Between two evils ‘tis not worth choosing.

6. Drinking tea with pleasure isn’t working without measure.

7. We are a peaceful people, but we keep our armoured train standing in a siding.

8. A thought when spoken is a lie.

9. The Moor has done his duty, let him go.

10. It was a rickety hostel, that looked ready to fall in pieces, and which all the rats would be sure to run away from, if they could find room in any other house to put their heads.

11. He could, at any time, tell as many stories in an evening as his hearers could digest in a month, a thing scarcely to be believed.

12. The month being March, the trees were like masts of ships.

13. Mr Brown went on being made fool of.

14. She was waiting for something to happen or for something to unhappen.

15. Then she smiled like the Cheshire Cat, disappearing behind her humour.

16. He took nobody by surprise; there was nobody to take.

17. ‘Never imagine yourself not to be otherwise than what it might appear to others that what you were or might have been was not otherwise than what you had been would have appeared to them to be otherwise,’ said the Duchess.

18. The Song of Beowulf is believed to have been composed somewhere about AD 700 by an Anglian poet in the vicinity of Northumbria.

19. He would gaze at himself in the mirror until there were two selves facing one another, neither of which could claim to be the real one. The sensation was of being disembodied.

20. John was thought to be having difficulty finding himself and felt by-passed by life, like a spectator at the event.

21. Mr Black looked at Mr White as Mr White had seen Mr Black look upon a cockroach before he stepped on it.

22. Out duty is small – to eat, to sleep, and that’s all.

 

 

VERB. MISCELLANEOUS

Have, Have got, Do Have [1]

 

These three forms all occur in modern English to denote possession but they are not completely interchangeable. The distinctions between them are as follows:

Have alone is used to denote possession at the moment of speaking in formal and semi-formal style.

  

e.g. 1. They have a large house in the country.

In formal style have got is used instead, have generally being contracted to ‘ve and has to ‘s.

 

e.g. 2. They’ve got a car.

     3. I’ve got a new tape-recorder.

     4. She’s got a lot of interesting books.

 

 

Simply have/has, without got, should be avoided in such colloquial sentences.

The negative and interrogative forms of have and have got in traditional British Englishare as follows:

 

	have (formal)	have got (informal)
Negative:	They haven’t a car. They have no car.	They haven’t got a car.
Interrogative:	Have they a car?	Have they got a car?

 

In American English, however, negative and interrogative forms with do/does occur widely in conversation and this tendency is now spreading to Britain:

Negative: They don’t have a car.

Interrogative: Do they have a car?

This usage contrasts with traditional British English, where do is used only in the following cases:

(1) when have has a habitual meaning;

E.g. 5. Does this shop have cakes? (=in general)

      Cf. 6. The shop hasn’t got any cakes today.

      7. English people don’t’ usually have summer cottages.

      Cf. 8. We haven’t got a summer cottage.

(2) when have denotes not possession but taking, receiving, experiencing;

E.g. 9. What time do you have breakfast?

    10. I didn’t’ have any letters today.

    11. We don’t’ have English today.

    12. Did you have a good holiday?

Finally, here is a table of usage showing forms used to express possession (non-habitual):

	Formal Style	Informal Style
Affirmative:	I have a dog.	I’ve got a dog.
Negative:	I haven’t a dog. I have no dog.	BrE: I havent’ got a dog. AmE: I don’t’ have a dog.
Interrogative:	Have you a dog?	BrE: Have you got a dog? AmE: Do you have a dog?

Particular care should be taken to use the forms with got in colloquial English but to avoid them in formal style.