Ex. 1. Use the words in the present simple or present progressive tense if possible.

1. If he (hear) there’s work to be done, you won’t see him for dust!

2. The doctor can’t see you yet; he (see) someone else’s at the moment.

3. I (feel) we shouldn’t miss our grammar lesson.

4. I (feel) fine.

5. Why you (smell) the sausage? It (smell) bad?

6. What are you doing with my whisky? – I just (smell) it. It (taste) sour.

7. I (see) Helen tomorrow.

8. My neighbours (mind) my dog while I’m at university.

9. The old tree (measure) at least 30 metres from top to bottom.

10. How you (like) the play? (=enjoy)

11. You (believe) everything you (hear)?

12. Would you like to come and see a film with us this evening? – Maybe. What film you (see)? (=watching)

13. Water (boil) at 212º Fahrenheit.

14. There (go) our bus!

15. No doubt you (remember) what Wittgenstein (say) about the difference between connotation and denotation.

16. You (be) very clever today.

Ex. 2. Use the words in brackets in correct tense forms.

1. It was probably the first time for twenty years that any one (smile) in that lumber-room.

2. This was the most he (eat) in a long time.

3. When I came home my cat (have) dinner.

4. Actually, the Gaelic-speaking Scots did not migrate into Scotland from Ireland until after the English (move) into England.

5. This year (see) a big increase in road accidents.

6. That £100 (burn) a hole in my pocket.

7. Is it my hat you (sit) on?

8. This wasn’t the first time Snape (give) Harry the impression of being able to read minds.

 

Ex. 3. Translate into English. Use correct tense forms.

1. Минуло одиннадцать месяцев со дня назначения на должность судьи Аркадио, но только сегодня он впервые сел за свой служебный стол. (Г.Г. Маркес)

2.  Я оглянулся посмотреть, не оглянулась ли она, чтоб посмотреть, не оглянулся ли я...

3. А если так, то позвольте мне сесть, - прибавил Ипполит, преспокойно усаживаясь на стуле, на котором сидел генерал. (Достоевский)

4. С детства мечтал зубы вставить. Вставил – спасибо: ощущещтвляютшя мечты. (Жванецкий)

5. Ещё не обедал, а уже хочется ужинать.

6. Он долго бродил по темному парку и, наконец, «нашёл себя» расхаживающим по одной аллее. В сознании его оставалось воспоминание, что по этой аллее он уже прошёл, начиная от скамейки до одного старого дерева, высокого и заметного, всего шагов сотню, раз тридцать или сорок взад и вперёд. (Достоевский)

7. Нынче идёт снег, почти мокрый, жёлтый, мутный. Вчера шёл тоже, на днях тоже шёл. (Достоевский)

8. Самовар кипел с восьмого часу, но потух, как и всё в мире. И солнце, говорят, потухнет в свою очередь. (Достоевский)

9. Я всю жизнь мою лгал. Даже когда говорил правду. (Достоевский)

10. Дверь была отворена, потому что хозяйка, готовя какую-то рыбу, напустила столько дыму в кухне, что нельзя было видеть даже и самых тараканов. (Гоголь)

11. Восьмые сутки шёл снегодождь.

12. Никогда такого не было, и вдруг опять. (Черномырдин)

 

 

VOICE

 

Ergative Verbs

 

An ergative verb is a verb that can be either transitive or intransitive, and whose subject when intransitive corresponds to its direct object when transitive.

In English, most verbs can be used intransitively, but ordinarily this does not change the role of the subject; consider, for example, "He ate the soup" (transitive) and "He ate" (intransitive), where the only difference is that the latter does not specify what was eaten. By contrast, with an ergative verb the role of the subject changes; consider "it broke the window" (transitive) and "the window broke" (intransitive).

Ergative verbs can be divided into several categories:

Verbs suggesting a change of state — break, burst, form, heal, melt, tear, transform.

Verbs of cooking — bake, boil, cook, fry.

Verbs of movement — move, shake, sweep, turn, walk.

Verbs involving vehicles — drive, fly, reverse, run, sail.

Some of these can be used intransitively in either sense: "I'm cooking the pasta" is fairly synonymous with both "The pasta is cooking" (as an ergative verb) and "I'm cooking", although it obviously gives more information than either.

The significance of the ergative verb is that it enables a writer or speaker not only to suppress the identity of the outside agent responsible for the particular process, but also to represent the affected party as in some way causing the action by which it is affected. It can be used by journalists sympathetic to a particular causative agent and wishing to avoid assigning blame, as in "Eight factories have closed this year."

 

accelerate

acclimatize

acculturate

acidify

activate

align

asphyxiate

attach

awaken

back

back up

bake

beam up

bend

blacken

bleed

blow up

boast

boil

bounce

break

break down

brighten

broaden

bruise

burn

burst

bust

calm down

change

char

cheer up

choke

clink

clog

close

collapse

combine

compile

connect

contort

cook

corrode

count

crack

crash

crumble

crumple

crystallize

dampen

darken

deactivate

deaden

decelerate

decrease

deepen

deflate

deform

dent

deploy

derail

detonate

dilate

dim

distill

distort

dock

download

drag

drain

drill

drive

drop

drown

dry

duplicate

eat

eject

empty

end

entwine

erode

escalate

expand

factor

fail

fall

fast backward

fast forward

fasten

fatten

fill

fill up

fire

flash

flatten

flip

float

flood

flunk

flush

fly

fold

fracture

freeze

freshen

fry

gather

graduate

grieve

grow

halt

halve

hang

harden

harmonize

hasten

heal

honk

hurt

hush

ignite

improve

increase

inflame

inflate

ionize

jam

land

launch

lean

lengthen

lessen

lighten

line up

liquify

lock

loosen

lower

madden

march

melt

mend

merge

mix

moisten

move

open

orientate

overcook

oversteer

overtire

overtrain

overwork

park

pass

play

please

plunge

pop

pull over

quicken

quiet

quieten

radiate

rattle

reboot

recycle

redden

regrow

rejuvenate

reload

relocate

rest

resuscitate

reverse

revert

revive

rewind

ripen

roast

rock

roll

rotate

rouse

run

rupture

rush

sadden

sail

scatter

scramble

scroll

separate

shake

shatter

shift