Myths and facts about cold and flu

Myths: 1.Feed a cold, starve a fever

         2.You can catch the same cold twice.

         3. You catch cold when someone sneezes on you

         4.Going out with wet hair won't cause a cold

         5. Resting will help banish a cold quickly

         6. Antibiotics are the only way to cure colds and flu

Facts:

a. You're more likely to be infected with a cold by touching a door handle, tea towel, or a handrail on the bus that's been contaminated by the virus. Shaking hands also passes on germs. Once your fingers have been contaminated and you rub your eyes or nose, the virus will invade your body.

However, with flu, people can become ill if they breathe in droplets containing the influenza virus that have been sneezed or coughed into the air.Flu is a much more serious illness that can have you bed-bound for several days with a high temperature (38C+), chills, headache, a runny nose and muscles aches and pains. Flu symptoms come on quickly (colds take longer to develop) so if you sense it's more than a cold, you can see your doctor for prescription drugs that help to reduce the symptoms - but these are only effective if taken within 48 hours of initial symptoms coming on.

b. There are around 200 cold viruses and, on average, we catch a couple each winter. However, once the cold ends, your body has built up immunity which will protect you from catching the same virus again.

c. Never starve yourself! Nutritious hot drinks and soups (rather than solids) are what you need. Hot liquids increase the temperature in the nose and mouth and help kill viruses off more quickly.

d. You may actually be able to catch a cold by getting cold. When we shiver, our whole body becomes quite stressed, which depresses the immune system. We have bugs in our nose all the time, and when the immune system drops its guard, these seize their chance.

e. Gentle exercise and fresh air are more likely to speed your recovery from a cold. But if you come down with flu, go to bed! Rest is essential to help you get better.

f. Antibiotics are only suitable for the treatment of bacterial infections and do not work on viruses such as those that cause colds and flu. You will only be prescribed antibiotics if the cold turns into a secondary infection such as bronchitis.

 

VIII. Исправьтеошибки:

ANTIBIOTICS

Antibiotics are important medicines as it helpfight infections caused by bacteria.How ever, bacteria find ways to resist antibiotics, so that them no longest work.The more we uses antibiotics, the less effective he become, so we should use them carefully.

Basically, don’t take them if you doesn’t need they.If you have a virus, antibiotics won’t work.

Since viruses cause all colds and most sore throats and coughs, you should ask you chemist for advice rather then take antibiotics.Your doctor will prescribe antibiotics then you need them, for example, for pneumonia.Remember, if you only use antibiotics when necessary, they are more likely to work when you really need them.

 

IX. Заполните пропуски, определив о каком витамине идет речь: A, B, C, D, K

VITAMINS

The word “vitamin” goes back to the Polish scientist Casimir Funk in 1912.He was studying a substance in the layer that covers rice.This substance was believed to cure a disease called beriberi.Funk believed the substance belonged to a group of chemicals known as amines.He added the Latin word "vita," meaning life.So he called the substance a “vitamine” - an amine necessary for life.

Scientists have discovered fourteen kinds of vitamins.They are known as vitamins A, the B group, C, D, E and K. Scientists say vitamins help to carry out chemical changes in cells.If we do not get enough of the vitamins we need in our food, we may develop a number of diseases.

Types of Vitamins

Vitamin _1_ helps prevent skin and other tissues from becoming dry.It is also needed to make a light-sensitive substance in the eyes.People who do not get enough this vitamin cannot see well in darkness.Their eyes may get dry.This can result in infections and lead to blindness. It is found in fish, liver oil, in the yellow part of eggs.Sweet potatoes, carrots and other darkly colored fruits and vegetables contain substances that the body can change into this vitamin.

Vitamin _2_ -one is also called thiamine.Thiamine changes starchy foods into energy.It also helps the heart and nervous system work well.Without it, we would be weak and would not grow.We also might develop beriberi.Apart from rice thiamine is found in beans, peas, nuts, meat and fish.

Another _3_-vitamin is niacin. It helps cells use food energy. It also prevents pellagra -a disease that causes weakness, reddish skin and stomach problems. Niacin is found in meat, fish and green vegetables.

Vitamin _4_-12 helps produce red blood cells.It is found naturally in foods such as eggs, meat, fish and milk products. It also helps babies of pregnant mothers before they are born. It is found in green leafy vegetables and other foods and citrus fruits. In some countries, it is added to products like bread.

Vitamin _5_ is needed for strong bones and teeth, and for healthy blood.It also helps wounds heal quickly.Because our body stores little it we must get it every day in foods such as citrus fruits, tomatoes and cabbage.

Vitamin _6_ helps make calcium in the blood. Calcium is needed for nerve and muscle cells to work normally. It also is needed to build strong bones. Ultraviolet light from the sun changes a substance in the skin into this vitamin. Fish liver oil also contains it. In some countries, milk producers add it to milk so children will get enough.

Vitamin _7_ is needed for healthy blood. It thickens the blood around a cut to stop bleeding.

Bacteria in the intestines normally produce this vitamin. It can also be found in pork products, liver and in vegetables like cabbage, and spinach.

Some people fear they do not get enough vitamins from the foods they eat.So they take products with large amounts of vitamins. They think these products or vitamin supplements will improve their health and protect them from disease. Experts note that taking too much of some vitamins can be harmful.People should be sure to discuss what vitamins they take with their doctors. This is because some vitamins can cause harmful effects when mixed with medicines.

 

X. Заполнитепропускиглаголами: needs,contain, feel, considered,eat,eating, work, pump, include, see,provide, makes, lack

FAST FOOD OR HEALTHY FOOD

Many people eat fast food for some, if not most, of their meals.However, I strongly believe that people shouldn’t __so fast food in their diets.

 First of all, fast food is very high in fat, which is harmful for your body.For example, __ a high amount of fat __ your blood thicker. In turn, this makes it harder for your heart to __.

Secondly, fast food diets don’t __ much fresh fruit or many vegetables.Because of this, fast food does not __ people with a balanced diet. As a result, our brains and bodies do not __ as well and we __ tired and stressed.

 On the other hand, fast food is not so bad if people don’t eat these types of meals very often.

For instance, eating food once a week would not be __ too healthy. You must be careful, though, that once a week doesn't become once a day!

In conclusion, fast food meal is a rather unhealthy choice and __ essential nutrients, such as vitamins and minerals, that our body __.The way I __ it, people must __ different types of food to __ healthy and fit.

WATER AND YOUR BODY

· We're often __ (told\spoken) to drink at least eight 8 glasses of water per day but according to recent surveys, only about a third of people actually __(make \ do) so, and as much as 10% __(swallow\drink) no water whatsoever.

· Mild dehydration will__ (slow \ eat) down metabolism as much as 3%.

· Severe dehydration can affect blood pressure, circulation, digestion and kidney function. Hot weather exacerbates the problem, causing loss of a quarter or more of fluids per hour, and possible cramping, nausea and heat exhaustion.

· A glass of water can__ (close \ shut) down midnight hunger.

· Lack of water is the № 1 trigger of daytime fatigue.

· A 2% drop in body water can trigger fuzzy short-term memory and difficulty focusing.

LEG VEINS

· Do not __ (cross\crossed) your legs when sitting.

· Avoid high heels, short-heeled shoes __ (works\work) muscles more, which is better for veins.

· Don't wear tight clothes around your calves or groin that can __ (restrict\restricting) circulation.

· __ (Takes\Take) three or four 10-minute breaks daily to elevate your legs above the level of your heart, lie down with your legs resting at a higher level.

· Avoid long periods of sitting or standing. Shift from one leg to the other or walk gently back and forth, frequently __(to encourage\encourage) blood flow.

· Get your legs __ (moving\moved). Walking is a great way to encourage blood circulation in your legs.

· Support stockings (or for men, support socks), can reduce leg and foot discomfort for people who __ (stand\standing) for extended periods, especially on hard floors.

XI. Преобразуйте слова, выделенные курсивом так, чтобы они лексически играмматически соответствовали содержанию текста:

Scientists in London are working on the development of a new kind of __ (inject) that will help people to lose weight. The product is a liquid that kills off fat cells in the body; the tests on animals have shown encouraging results. The __ (invent) of the drug are planning to carry out a trial on human soon, and are __ (enthuse) about the product`s potential. One of the advantages of the __ (treat) is that adults only have a limited number of fat cells, and when they are killed off, they are destroyed __ (permanent). If the new drug passes the necessary __ (safe) tests, it is likely that it`ll be extremely successful.

XII. Прочтите и переведите текст:

SIX HEALTH TIPS

The context in which an individual lives is of great importance on health status and quality of life. Health is maintained and improved not only through the advancement and application of health science, but also through the efforts and intelligent lifestyle choices of the individual and society. Here are some basic tips for maintaining a good health.

1. Exercise
You don't have to belong to a gym club. Thirty minutes’ walk every day will prevent weight gain and encourage moderate weight loss.

2. Eat healthy

Reduce fat intake, cut down on sugar and opt for fruits and vegetables. This helps reduce cholesterol and blood pressure. Healthy food will also lead to better blood sugar control.

3. Reduce stress

Not everything we want we get. We have to accept that there are things that we cannot control. Managing time is also of great importance too. We must allow ourselves enough time to get things done. Set a time during the day for relaxation.

4. Improve sleep

Avoid caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, and other chemicals that interfere with sleep. Equip your bedroom with a comfortable mattress and pillows. Sleep in a dark clean and quiet environment.

5. Meditation
Meditation has been linked to a variety of health benefits. It has been linked to changes in metabolism, blood pressure, brain activation, and other bodily processes.

6. Positive thinking

People who think positively have an optimistic view of life that affects their health and well-being. Optimism has been shown to explain between 5–10% of the variation in the likelihood of developing some health conditions, notably including cardiovascular disease,stroke, depression, and cancer.

 

XIII. Переведитетекст:

FACTORS OF GOOG HEALTH

Health is the general condition of a person's mind, body and spirit, usually meaning to be free from illness, injury or pain. The World Health Organization (WHO) defined health in its broader sense in 1946 as "a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity."

Generally, the context in which an individual lives is of great importance on health status and quality of life. It is increasingly recognized that health is maintained and improved not only through the advancement and application of health science, but also through the efforts and intelligent lifestyle choices of the individual and society. According to the World Health Organization, the main determinants of health include the social and economic environment, the physical environment, and the person's individual characteristics and behaviors. In fact, an increasing number of studies and reports from different organizations and contexts examine the linkages between health and different factors, including lifestyles, environments, health care organization, and health policy.

Focusing more on lifestyle issues and their relationships with functional health, data from different studies suggested that people can improve their health via:

• exercise,
• enoughsleep,
• maintaining a healthy body weight,
• limitingalcoholuse,
• andavoidingsmoking.

In addition to that, the ability to adapt and to self-managehas been suggested as core components of human health.Personal health also depends partially on the social structure of a person's life. The maintenance of strong social relationships, volunteering, and other social activities have been linked to positive mental health and even increased longevity. In contrast, prolonged psychological stress may negatively impact health, and has been cited as a factor in cognitive impairment with aging, depressive illness, and expression of disease.

Ø Are these sentences TRUE or FALSE? Justify.

1. Definition of health includes physical and mental aspects.

□ True

□ False

2. Lifestyle choices constitute an important determinant to health.

□ True

□ False

3. Being sociable can improve health.

□ True

□ False

4. Prolonged stress can cause only physical health problems.

□ True

□ False