E - LEARNINGvsDISTANCELEARNING

There can be some confusion between e-learning and distance learning since: they overlap each other.Let's (go\begin) with brief definitions: E-learning refers to learning supported by the Web.It can be (done\answered) inside classrooms.It can be done as a support to conventional teaching, such as when students work on the Web at (hose\home) or in the classroom.It also can be done in virtual classrooms, in which the entire coursework is done online and classes do not (meet\see) face-to-face, and in that case it is a part of distance learning. There are many benefits to e-learning. Online materials offer the opportunity to deliver very current content, of (high\tall) quality, and consistent.Students in e-learning (position\situations) have the flexibility of learning from any place, at any time, and at their own pace.Finally, some learners in both educational and corporate settings appreciate what they perceive as the risk-free environment offered by e-learning, in which they feel more free to (sound\express) themselves (then\than) in a face-to-face learning setting.

Distance learning (DL) refers to situations where teachers and students do not meet face-to-face.

It can be done in different (roads\ways). The oldest mode was correspondence, where all communication was done by "snail mail." As early as the 1920s the radio was added to support DL. Then came voice cassettes, videotapes, and TV for (receiving\delivering) lectures. Students communicated with professors by "snail mail," telephone, and faxes. A breakthrough occurred when the CD-ROM was introduced, (science\since) CD-ROMs are media-rich and enabled self-testing and feedback. Finally the Web provided a multimedia interactive environment for self-study.

What is common to the two is some of the delivery tools as well as some pedagogical issues.

In both cases, Web-enabled systems make knowledge accessible to those who need it, when they need it, anytime, anywhere. The concept of virtual universities - online universities via the Internet - is expanding rapidly. Hundreds of thousands of students in dozens of countries are studying via such institutions.

 

VI. Выберите предложение, которое наиболее подходит к каждому абзацу текста:

TELEVISION DISRUPTS YOUR LIFE

a. Unhealthy eating habits

b. Sleep disruption & emotional stress

c. Behavior & development problems

d. To Watch or Not To Watch?

e. Poor school performance & learning difficulties

Yes, television is enjoyable! In modern world, TV is one of the main sources of entertainment. Watching television is an experience shared by the vast majority of children and adults. It is convenient, inexpensive, available, and attractive. It may be hard to believe that watching TV can damage our health, especially the health of kids, and disturb daily life, but there are many reasons that this is true. The average American watches about 4 hours of TV each day (or 28 hours/week, or 2 months of nonstop TV-watching per year). In a 65-year life, that person will have spent 9 years glued to the TV.

1. I do not call upon not watching television at all. As research data demonstrates the problems come from heavy viewing. Time spent watching TV means less time spent doing physical activity. Many people watch over four hours of television a day, and that is frequently in addition to sitting at work for eight hours! Recent research has proved that people who watch around two hours of TV per day are much more likely to be overweight than those who watched only half an hour per day.

2. People tend to eat between 31 and 74 percent more calories while watching TV. Research by Harvard University has shown that there is a link between the amount people eat and the amount of television they watch.Food choices are, in part, effected by TV advertising and is for food with questionable nutritional value. Pepsi, M & M's, Cheetos, Coca-Cola, McDonalds, Burger King, Snickers, Starburst - it is debatable whether the popularity of these products is the result of "they taste good" or effective marketing campaigns. Most ads during high child viewing hours are for sugary breakfast cereals, candy snacks, and fast food, according to a study presented at the American Heart Association's Asia Pacific Scientific Forum. Researchers also found that commercials didn't really even focus on the food, but on lifestyle and "having fun."

3. In a year, the average child spends 900 hours in school and nearly 1,023 hours in front of a TV. According to the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), kids in the United States watch about 4 hours of TV a day - even though the AAP guidelines say children older than 2 should watch no more than 1 to 2 hours a day of quality programming.More time spent in front of a TV means less time spent on homework or having interactions with others. Researchers say that students often "become accustomed to the passive enjoyment of entertainment" offered by TV and therefore find classroom lessons relatively dull. As a result, they have difficulty concentrating and working hard to solve a problem.

4. Daily television viewing for two or more hours in early childhood can lead to behavioral problems and poor social skills. Furthermore, when children are bombarded with TV images, their own ability to form imaginative pictures becomes severely impaired. This process of generating internal pictures is critical to the development of dendrites and neural connectors which lay the foundation for intelligence and creativity.

5. Extensive TV watching, especially late-night, is associated with poor sleep patterns, as the light emitted from the television is too stimulating to our systems. Another problem with nighttime TV is it may prolong the hours before bedtime. People who watch three or more hours of television per day are more likely to have sleep problems.

VII. Запомните советыте, кто работает перед монитором компьютера:

FOR COMPUTER USERS

• Sit up straight in front of your keyboard and screen, and keep your mouse within easy reach

• Don't sit in the same position for long periods, get up and move about periodically

• Take a minimum of 5 minutes break every hour from keyboard/screen working to prevent fatigue and aid concentration

• Adjust your screen angle to avoid reflections, and use blinds at windows, and use a document holder next to the screen if you have to read text as well

• Concentrating on a computer screen for a long time can cause temporary headache. Take occasional "eye breaks" by looking out a window or focusing on some distant object

• If your work involves gazing at a computer monitor for long hours, remember to blink your eyes often to relieve strain.

 

VI II. Переведите текст и ответьте на вопросы:

• What is your favourite hobby?

§ Which forms of entertainment do you enjoy?

§ What sort of person are you: a cinema or theatre goer; a sports fan; a TV addict; a book worm?

MY FREE TIME

I like to spend my free time in different ways. I am fond of visiting interesting places, cinemas and reading books. Of course, I have a hobby.

Do you know what a hobby is? Where does the word come from? Many of us have pets - dogs and cats. They are like mem­bers of our family. In England many years ago farmers displayed the same love for horses. Robbin, Dobbin and Hobbin were the names which farmers gave to their horses most often. The name Hobbin was changed into Hobby and became the word used for toy horses. And only many years later the word "hobby" began to be used in its modern meaning - "something", what you do in your spare time. Hobbies differ like tastes. Hobbies are divided into four large classes. They are doing things, making things, collecting things and learning things.

The most popular hobby of all groups is doing something. It includes everything from gardening to travelling and from chess to volleyball.

Gardening is one of the oldest of man's hobbies. It is a well-known fact that the English are very popular of gardening and growing flowers, especially roses.

Both grown-ups and children are fond of playing computer games. It's new, but a popular hobby.

Making things includes drawing, painting, making sculpture and designing costumes. Some are interested in music. They collect records and tape recordings, others write music or play musical instruments.

Almost everyone collects something at some period of his life: stamps, coins, match-boxes, books, records, postcards, toys and watches. And very often some collections are housed in museums and galleries. I realize that collecting things as a hobby depends on one's age and income. There are different clubs of collectors, where people can show us their collection and tell us why it is special. At other times they have a swap-shop, and people exchange duplicates, or swap something they don't want for something new. That can be fun because most people like bargaining. Some of our keenest collec­tors are going to tell you about their hobbies.

No matter what kind of hobby a person has, he always has an opportunity of learning from it and that becomes the most exciting aspect of a hobby. Hobbies help you to choose your future profession very often. If you've chosen a hobby according to your character and taste you are lucky because your life becomes more interesting.

Now a few words about my hobbies, I think I belong to that group of people who like doing things. As a typical teenager, I spend hours exploring the Internet and play computer games. My hobby is also collecting stamps and coins. Collecting stamps is great. I think they're the best things to collect. There are so many different ones from every country. Collectors usually have a theme: stamps from one country, stamps about space, animals, famous people, etc. You could think of lots more. My theme is flowers. I found out about rare plants, flowers of different places in the world from my collection.Collecting could cost you a lot of money, if you bought very old stamps. However, collecting modern stamps isn't too expensive. Anyway, the club helps. I don't buy many stamps. I get mine by swapping with friends. It's good fun. My stamps look nice and a good album is beautiful.

I have got a lot of coins. One of them is rare, and worth a lot of money. It's exciting to think how old they are. I am starting to collect coins from different countries. I swap with my friends, sell some and buy some. I like learning about them in my catalogue. It's a very interesting hobby.

 

IX. Заполните пропуски в предложениях, используя слова из таблицы только 1 раз:

stunt	choir	final scene	perform live
stars	clapped	commercials	special effects
series	directed	reviews	cartoon characters
hit	rehearse	subtitled	another channel

1. Most foreign films are __ although some are dubbed.

2. Most of the money goes on __ when you make a sci­ence-fiction film nowadays.

3. The audience __ enthusiastically when the star of the show finally appeared.

4. I've watched the first two programmes but this __ isn't as good as the previous one.

5. In the __of the film he returns home to his wife.

6. I think the __ on TV are sometimes better than the programmes.

7. They usually __ for at least two months before they take a play on tour.

8. Mickey Mouse is one of the most famous __ in the world.

9. If you don't like the programme, switch to ___.

10. Every __ in the film was carefully prepared to make sure that nobody got hurt.

11. Some pop stars don't really want to __because they don't sound as good as they do on their records.

12. North by Northwest' was __ by Alfred Hitchcock.

13. The film __ Cary Grant. He plays a man who is chased by enemy agents who want to kill him because he knows too much.

14. There were so many singers in the __ that I thought, for a moment that they wouldn't all get on the stage.

15. She always reads the __ in the newspapers to find out which films and plays are worth seeing.

16. Her first record was such a      __ that it will be difficult to repeat its success.

 

X. Соедините слово с его определением:

a. play	a section of a novel
b. composer	a person who writes music
c. chapter	a small instrument with strings
d. palette	a book about a person's life
e. banjo	a work of literature for the theatre
f.biography	a picture of a person
g. portrait	a thin board where an artist mixes paints