Exercise 15.  Pick out participles, gerunds. Translate the sentences into Russian.

1. Keeping the secret won’t do any harm. 2.  So thinking, he paused before his house door. 3.  Adrian, glancing round, suddenly saw Kate.

4. The answer to this was unexpected. 5. Taking his seat, he looked at his watch. 6. All is getting the truth. 7. He entered, puzzled but interested.

8. The young man, having risked his life to save the child, disappeared into the crowd. 9. ‘... my habit of floating very low in water makes people on the shore think that I may be drowning.’ 10. Teaching children is useful work. 11. She turned round on his entering the room. 12. Taking the candlestick in his hand, Mr. Pickwick walked quietly downstairs. 13. She can’t bear thinking of it or speaking of it. 14. He was good at gathering mushrooms. 15. Covering her eyes with her hands, she said something very softly. 16. He replaced used ash-trays on the table with fresh and refilled Dodo’s coffee cup, then the others. 17. She had no photographs of herself taken since her marriage.

 

Exercise 16. Read and translate the following sentences into Russian. Analyze the use of the Verbals.

1. New discoveries and surgical procedures seemed to make us immune to death itself. 2. Looking back, we can see that optimism began to increase. 3. Needless X-rays were thought to promote cancer. 4. Even when done correctly, the medical approach to disease is incomplete. 5. Natural healing means strengthening the body's immune system through nutritional and other natural means. 6. To ignore these factors is to forgo a more effective treatment. 7. The body must have sufficient vitality to recover from the trauma of intervention. 8. Some people reacting against what they see as overdoctoring have rejected the technological approach almost completely. 9. They've returned to the 19^th c. relying on herbs, untested diets to treat all illness. 10. There's no need to reject all of modern medicine.11. Today we are in the position of being able to take advantage of the best medical care and natural healing techniques. 12. By using both approaches, dictated by good sense we can enjoy the best of the two of them.

Grammar Tests

Test 1

Tenses

 

Choose the right variant

 

1. He ____ for some time before a servant ___ and ___ what he ___.

    a) knocked, opened, asked, wanted

    b) was knocking, opened, asked, was wanting

    c) had been knocking, opened, asked, wanted

    d) had knocked, had opened, had asked, had wanted

 

2. The doctor ___ there ___ nothing to worry about if the fever ___ above 38, 5.

    a) said, was, would not go

    b) tells, is, will go

    c) says, had been, went

    d) said, was, did not go

 

3. I ____ a wash and a brush up before starting to go to the luncheon Tom ___ me to, when they ___ me from the desk to say that he ___ below.

    a) had, was invited, were ringing, had been

    b) was having, invited, had rung, was

    c) was having, had invited, rang, was

    d) had been having, had invited, had rung, had been

 

4. While we __ at ___ lunch, a letter __ to me from my sister.

    a) were, __, was delivered

    b) had been, a, was being delivered

    c) were, the, had been delivered

    d) have been, __, has been delivered

 

5. Some day I ___ to Paris to revisit all the places where I ___ in the time of my youth. I __ them for a quarter of a century or so.

    a) will have gone, have lived, haven’t seen

    b) am going, had lived, did not see

    c) will go, lived, haven’t seen

    d) will be going, had lived, hadn’t seen

6. Hardly ___ asleep __ an alarm clock ___.

    a) have I gone, than, will ring

    b) had I gone, when, rang

    c) I had gone, that, had rung

    d) was I going, as, was ringing

 

7. We ____ continue our research unless he ___ us.

    a) can’t, won’t help

    b) will not be able to, does not help

    c) can, will help

    d) won’t be able to, helps

 

8. We ____ him in many moods, but none of us ___ him to do a cruel thing.

    a) see, ever know

    b) see, don’t ever know

    c) have seen, have known

    d) have seen, haven’t ever known

 

9. He needed to feel that he ___, that he ___ here, and that his word

    a) was being listened to, was commanding, was always obeyed

    b) is being listened to, is commanding, is always obeyed

    c) was listened to, was being commanding, was always being obeyed

    d) is listened to, is being commanding, was always being obeyed

 

10. Look! What ___ beautiful view! The sun ___ yet, but the grey sky __ near the horizon.

    a) ___, was not appeared, is parted

    d) ___, did not appear, parted

    c) the, has not been appeared, has parted

    d) a, has not appeared, is parted

 

11. When he saw that someone ____ at him, he did not immediately realize who this someone ___.

    a) looked, is

    b) was looking, was

    c) has been looking, is

    d) had looked, was being

12. While our coffee ___, I ____ him our sad story which impressed him__.

    a) was making, told, greatly

    b) was being made, said, great

    c) had been made, told, great

    d) was being made, told, greatly

 

13. It ___ in the night, but now there ___ sunshine.

    a) has rained, was

    b) had rained, had been

    c) is raining, is being

    d) has been raining, is

 

14. As he___ the room that morning, Ann __ up the letter which she __.

    a) was entered, was holding, had just received

    b) was entering, has held, has just received

    c) entered, was holding, had just received

    d) had entered, held, has just received

 

15. I ___ a note with the address of the hotel and the boy’s name into his pocket ___ he ___ his way.

    a) have put, provided, will lose

    b) will put, providing, will have lost

    c) have put, in case, lost

    d) will have put, when, have lost

 

16. They ___, but as they ____ me there ___ a hush.

    a) were talking, saw, was

    b) are balking, have seen, had been

    c) had been talking, will see, would be

    d) have been talking, had seen, will be

 

17. Come on, if the sun ___ before we __ home, we ___ our way.

    a) has set, reach, will lose

    b) will have set, will reach, lose

    c) will have set, reach, will lose

    d) has been set, will reach, lose

 

18. ___when he ___ her for first time

    a) Tell me, has met

    b) Say me, had met

    c) Say to me, net

    d) Tell me, met

 

19. He was tired and by the time I ___, he ___ asleep.

    a) have come, has fallen

    b) came, fell

    c) came, had fallen

    d) had come, had fallen

 

20. The great majority of students ____ present at the conference, ___ great number of them ___ to listen to your lecture and each of them __ ready to answer your questions.

    a) are, A, want, is

    b) are, The, want, is

    c) is, A, want, are

    d) is, The, wants, has been

 

 

Test 2

Modal Verbs

Choose the right variant

1. "They ____ an excellent vacancy last week. You ____ an opportunity of getting it," he reproached me.

a) had, mustn't miss

b) have had, might not have missed it

c) had, shouldn't have missed

d) were having, couldn't miss

 

2. He had to earn ____ living at ____ an early age, ____?

a) _____, such, hadn't he

b) his, such, didn't he

c) himself, so, hadn't he

d) to, so, didn't he

 

3. We ____ a camera because we never _____ a chance to use it.

a) might not have taken, had

b)should not have taken, have had

c) needn't have taken, had

d)mustn't have taken, had had

 

4. The line is busy; somebody ____ on the telephone now.

a) should be speaking

b) should have been speaking

c) must be speaking

d) can't be speaking

 

5. You ____ this! See how ___ she is.

  a) ought not to say, distressing

  b) ought not to have said, distressed

  c) won’t be able to say, distressing

  d) cannot have said, distressed

 

6. He says that nothing ____, because it is too ____. But I don’t believe a single word ____; they ____ us.

  a) should do, lately, of him, mustn’t have failed

  b) can’t be done, late, of his, oughtn’t fail

  c) mustn’t be done, lately, of him, shouldn’t have failed

  d) can be done, late, of his, can’t have failed

 

7. I managed to come here at half past six. But I ____. They ____.

a) needn't have hurried, had already left

b) needn't hurry, have already left

c) mustn't have hurried, had already left

d) shouldn’t hurry, have already left

 

8. If she doesn't take care of ____, she ____ have a nervous breakdown and ____ to hospital.

a) hers, may, should go

b) her, can, need to go

c) herself, may, may have to go

d) herself, must, must go

 

9. He ____ his wallet himself, it ____.

a) might lose, couldn't be stolen

b) may have lost, can't have been stolen

c) could have lost, must not have been stolen

d) ought to lose, shouldn't be stolen

 

10. You ____ a message at least! We ____ for two hours.

a) should send, waited

b) must have sent, were waiting

c) could send, have been waiting

d) might have sent, had been waiting

 

11. The only trouble is that I ___ my exams in spring and ___ them now.

a) couldn't, have taken, must have

b) couldn't take, must have

c) mustn't have taken, must have had

d) can't take, must have bad

 

12. The plane ___ at 5 a.m. and in this hurry-scurry she ___ the tickets on the table.

a) had to take off, can leave

b) was to take off, must have left

c) was to take off, needn’t leave

d) must have taken off, shouldn’t leave

 

13. Why ____ he take the scandal on himself? It is not ____.

  a) must, fairly

  b) may, fair

  c) should, fair

  d) could, fairly

 

14. You ____ to him. His information is ____.

a) shouldn't listen, misled

b) needn't have listened, misleading

c) can't have listened, misled

d) mustn't have listened, misleading

 

 

15. It is not worth ___ to ___ bed of he ____ at five.

a) to go, ____, have to get up

b) going, the, must have got up

c) to have gone, the, is to get up

d) going, ____, doesn't have to get up

 

16. They have made me ____ that I ___ selfish about it.

  a) think, may have been

  b) to think, must be

  c) thinking, might have been

  d) thought, should have been

 

17. It ____ late when I ___ home; there were no people in the street.

a) must have been, was going back

b) must be, am going

c) can't have been, was going

d) could not have been, went

 

18. You ____ worry, you ____ always rely on me in this matter.

a) must not, need

b) need not, may

c) can; need not

d) should, must

 

19. You ____ this device. It ____ dangerous.

a) couldn't have touched, maybe

b) must not touch, may be

c) shouldn't have touched, ought to be

d) needn't touch, must have been

 

20. I _____ my job. I _____ you before.

  a) needn't have put off, should ask

   b) shouldn't have put off, need to ask

   c) needn't have put off, should have asked

   d) shouldn't put off, should ask

 

 

Test 3

Verbals

Choose the right variant

1. He seemed ___ all about influenza and said _____ was nothing ____ about.

a) to know, it, to worry

b) to be knowing, there, worrying

c) to know, there, to worry

d) to have known, it, to have been worried

 

2. She put down her book ___ me ____; and ____ me ____ took her workbasket and sat into one of the old-fashioned armchair.

a) to see, coming in, have welcomed, as usually

b) having seen, to come in, welcoming, usually

c) on seeing, come in, having welcomed, as usual

d) after seeing, having come in, to welcome, in a usual way

alone.

 

3. I don’t object _____ there, but I don’t want _______.

a) to your living, you living

b) you to live, your living

c) your living, you to live

d) to your living, you to live

 

4. I remember ____ that hill in twilight. An age seemed _____ since the day that brought me first to London.

a) descending, to have elapsed

b) to have descended, to have elapsed

c) to descend, to elapse

d) being descended, to be elapsed

 

5. He stood invisible at the top of the stairs ___ Irene ____ the letters _____ by the ______ post.

a) to watch, to sort, bringing, latest

b) watching, sorting, brought, last

c) having watched, sorting, having brought, last

d) being watched, having sorted, to have been brought, last

 

 

6. On his way home Andrew could not help _____ what ___ charming fellow Ivory had turned out.

a) to reflect, a, to be

b) being reflected, the, have been

c) reflecting, the, be

d) reflecting, a, to be

 

7. I wouldn’t like _________ because I am afraid _______.

a) drive fast, crashing

b) to drive fast, of crashing

c) driving fastly, to crash

d) to be driven faster, to be crashed

 

8. ______ paper is said _________ by _________ Chinese.

a) — to have been invented, the

b) the, to have been invented,

c) —, to have invented, —

d) the, to be invented, the

 

9. There is no point to –– him. He is _____ last man in the world _____ by any such circumstances.

a) to speak, the, to trouble

b) to speak,__, being troubled

c) speaking, a, be troubled

d) in speaking, the, to be troubled

 

10. It’s high time you ______ like that. He is fond ____ fun of everybody.

a) get used to him to behave, to make

b) used to his behaving, about making

c) got used to his behaving, of making

d) used to behave, to make

 

11. He felt ___ something from him and demanded ____ _____ truth. He wasn’t worth ____ _____ lie.

a) them to hide, to tell, the, telling, the

b) them hiding, they will tell, a, to tell, a

c) they were hiding, telling, the, telling, a

d) they hide, telling, a, telling, the

 

12. _____ words about the author himself, the lecturer went on _____ of his works.

a) after saying, a few, to speak

b) saying, few, to speak

c) having said, few, speaking

d) to have said, a few, speaking

 

13. She was looking forward to _____ the leading part _____ that she was greatly _____ at not even ______ it.

a) giving, playing, disappointing, being offered

b) to be given, to play, disappointed, to be offered

c) being given, to play, disappointed, being offered

d) give, playing, disappointed, offering

 

14. Did you remember ______ the parcel I gave you? –Yes, I remember ______ it a week ago.

a) to post, posting

b) to post, to post

c) posting, to post

d) posting, posting

 

15. You _____ go and check everything by yourself unless you ____ it.

a) would better, want him to do it

b) had rather, don’t want his doing

c) had better, want him to do it

d) would rather, don’t want him to do

 

16. The accused men _____ near the bank during the robbery. It’s no use _______ the case without direct ____.

a) deny being somewhere, investigating, evidence

b) denies to be anywhere, to investigate, evidences

c) deny being anywhere, investigating, evidence

d) denies to be somewhere, to investigate, evidences

 

17. You ____ your children ________ their own way.

a) are to let, to go

b) have letting, going

c) have to let, go

d) are to let, gone

 

18. I suggest _____ as soon as possible. I ____ before sunset.

a) us to start, would rather to come

b) our starting, had rather come

c) us starting, would prefer to come

d) our starting, would rather come

 

19. I am afraid ____ to him. What if he really has the power to stop ___ there, and means _______ them against me?

a) to speak, me go, to turn

b) of speaking, my going, turning

c) to speak, my going, to turn

d) speaking, me going, to turn

 

20. He’s always regretted _____ school so young. He has not got enough qualifications and education. Unfortunately he often receives letters ____ with “Dear sir, we regret ____ you that your application was turned

down.”

a) leaving, beginning, to inform

b) to leave, to begin, to inform

c) leaving, beginning, informing

d) to leave, to begin, informing

 

Test 4

Subjunctive Mood

 

Choose the right variant.

 

1. _____ beforehand, we _____ the catastrophe.

    a) did we know, would prevent

    b) would we know, had prevented

    c) had we known, would have prevented

    d) should we know, had prevented

 

2. I don’t know how _______ him. I wish I ________ his name.

    a) address, did not know

    b) to address, knew

    c) addressing, would know

    d) to address, should know

 

3. I look forward to ____ a rest. I _____ as if my head ___ splitting.

    a) having, feel, were

    b) having, feel myself, were

    c) have, had felt, were

    d) have, am feeling, is

 

4. He couldn’t remember his mother ____. But would everything ___ ____ if mother hadn’t died?

    a) dying, be, dirrerently

    b) to die, have been, as different

    c) dying, have been, different

    d) die, has been, so different

 

5. “Oh, Mary,” she said. “I wish you ____ with us, for we had ______ fun”.

    a) had been, such a

    b) were, so ____

    c) would be, so a

    d) had been, such ___

 

6. I remember his colour ___ away in a moment and he seemed ___ as if he ____.

    a) go, breathing, had been running

    b) to go, to breathe, ran

    c) going, to breathe, had been running

    d) have gone, to be breathing, was running

 

7. The vase is beautiful. You ____ _____ to match ___ you ____.

    a) wouldn’t find, another, unless, had tried

    b) wouldn’t have found, the other, if, would have tried

    c) shouldn’t find, the other, unless, tried

    d) wouldn’t find, another, if, tried

 

8. If you _____ the medicine the doctor prescribed you, you ___ ___ now.

    a) had taken, would feel, much better

    b) took, would feel, much more well

    c) would take, would feel yourself, much more better

    d) had taken, would have felt, much more good

 

9. I remember it so ____ as if it ____ only yesterday.

    a) clear, happened

    b) clearly, had happened

    c) clear, would have happened

    d) clearly, would happen

 

10. If you ___ the article I recommended you, you ___ how ___ such questions.

    a) had read, had known, to answer

    b) read, would know, to answer

    c) would have read, would know, answer

    d) had read, would know, to answer

 

11. I must be off now. If it ____ not so _____, I ____ a little longer.

    a) were, lately, would stay

    b) were, late, would stay

    c) had been, late, would have stayed

    d) wouldn’t be, lately, stayed

 

12. ___I___ the story from his own lips I ____ that he was capable of ___ action.

    a) if, had heard, would never believe, such

    b) unless, had heard, would have never believed, such an

    c) in case, have heard, would never believe, so an

    d) provided, had heard, would have never believed, such

 

13. In order to make our demands effective and to get the authorities __ them we suggested that there __ no return to work today.

    a) to fulfil, be

    b) fulfil, should be

    c) fulfil, would be

    d) fulfilling, were

 

14. I am going to have my kitchen ___. It is necessary that every crack ___ covered; also between ___ floor and __ door.

    a) to repair, will be, the ___

    b) to be repaired, is, ___ the

    c) repaired, should be, the, the

    d) being repaired, be, ____, ____

 

15. John demanded that Andrew ___ to the house with him to ___ tea.

    a) would return, ____

    b) returned, the

    c) return, ____

    d) should return, the

 

16. She wished he ___ what he ___ to say, and let ___.

    a) would say, has, her to go

    b) said, had, she go

    c) had said, would have, she going

    d) said, had, her go

 

17. He thought how hard the wind ___ and how the cold sharp rain ___ in his face at that moment, if he ___at home.

    a) was blowing, would be beating, were not sitting, comfortably

    b) is blowing, will be beating, is not sitting, comfortably

    c) blew, beat, was not sitting, comfortably

    d) had blown, had beaten, were not sitting, comfortable

 

18. I ____ to your place with pleasure ___ nothing ___ me.

    a) will come, unless, prevented

    b) will come, if, prevented

    c) would come, unless, prevented

    d) would have come, providing, would prevented

 

19. When they ___ ___ lunch he suggested that they ___ a stroll to ___ Luxembourg museum.

    a) have finished, the, should have, the

    b) finished, ____, had, _____

    c) would have finished, a, would have, ____

    d) had finished, ___, have, the

 

20. You never did anything ___ to ___, If you ___ you___ more support now.

    a) well, someone, did, would have

    b) good, anyone, did, would have had

    c) well, anyone, had done, would have had

    d) good, anyone, had done, would have

Final Test

Choose the right variant.

1. I _______ him for a year and more, but he looked up at me as if I _______ in yesterday.

a) have not seen, was

b) did not see, were

c) had not seen, had been

d) have not seen, have been

2. Can he _______? Yes, and even turned red. He was worth – at.

a) get embarrassed, to look

b) have got embarrassed, being looked

c) have got embarrassed, looking

d) has embarrassed, to have looked

3. He wished he _____ there longer. He had looked forward to _______ the sights of this old town.

a) hasn’t stayed, seeing

b) didn’t stay, to see

c) stayed, having seen

d) had stayed, seeing

4. ________ nineteen he made a petty tour with his mother, father and sister: ______ Brussels, _______ Rhine, _______ Switzerland, ______ Italian Alps and, of course, Paris.

a) aged,.____ the, ____, the

b) aging, the, ____, ____, the

c) age,._____, the, ____, ____

d) having aged, the, ____, the, ____

5. The sightseeing came to an end, and _______ to _______ Hague.

a) neither our visit was, _______

b) so did our visit, the

c) so our visit did, the

d) neither was our visit, _______

6. “If you don’t want to be late for lunch, you _______ better ______ and have your bath,” _______ Mother said _______ a loud voice.

a) would, go, ______, with

b) had, go, _______, in

c) would, to go, the, in

d) had, go, the, with

7. “It looks as if we _______ going to have _______ good flying weather tomorrow,” said Mr. Sunbury.

a) are, a

b) will be ______

c) would be, the

d) were, _______

8. Looking back upon that time, I thought that all ______different _______ for the interference of my parents.

a) might have been; were it not

b) may be, were it not

c) might have been, had it not been

d) may be, had it not been

9. And I began to see that _______ man mustn’t live for ______ any more. He’s got ______ of _____ others.

a) ____, him, to think, the

d) a, himself, to think, ______

c) the, oneself, thinking, ______

d) ______, himself, to think, the

10. After______ a bad match the team captain insisted that they ______ things ______.

a) so, should take, easily

b) such, would take, easily

c) so, take, easy

d) such, should take, easy

11. I don’t remember _______ that they have moved ______ another flat.

a) them to mention, to

b) their mentioning, to

c) them mentioning, at

d) them to have mentioned, into

12. It will be so kind _______ you if you can get this banknote _______ for me.

a) to, cashed

b) of,cashed

c) from, to cash

d) on, cashing

13. I am right, _______ I? He hasn’t come. So there has been nothing to discuss, _______?

a) aren’t, hasn’t there

b) amn’t, has there

c) aren’t, has there

d) amn’t, hasn’t there

14. Most of us _______ plenty of things that we are not ______ to have. We must _______ it.

a) wants, alike, take to

b) want, like, give away

c) wants, unlikely, take off

d) want, likely, put up with

15. He got me _______ that he did not want the story _______ on.

a) understood, let

b) to understand, to let

c) understand, to let

d) understand, let

16. You _______ till I came back. I _______ late.

a) may wait, have been working

b) might have waited, had been working

c) must be waiting, had worked

d) should wait, have worked

 

                                                                                                            

 

Communicative Practice

PICTURES OF ENGLISH TENSES

 

Int r oduction

Pictu r e s of English Tenses –   is designed for teachers with limited p r eparatio n time who want to provide lively, motivating language skills lessons to introduce, test or r evis e the use of tenses.

 

 

 

 

 

CONTENTS

Pictures (Side A) / Exercises (Side B)

                            1. Present Perfect (with ‘just’)

2. For / Since / Ago

3. Past / Present Perfect

4. Past  Simple  /  Continuous

5. Instructions

6. Much / Many / A lot of

7. Comparatives and Superlatives

8. 1st Conditional

9. Describing things

 

Using Pictures of English Tenses

- Photocopy  some pages to provide oral practice in the target structure, and  some of them to provide written follow up.

- The Teaching notes on the following pages give you prompt questions to generate the correct structure for each tense, and also example conversations and answers.

- Pictu r e s of English Tenses

P r esen t Simple (Dark Blue)     

P r esen t Continuous (Light Blue)

Pas t Simple (Brown)

Futu r e (Yellow)

P r esen t Perfect (Green)

Pas t Continuous (Light Brown)

Passive s (Orange)

 

- Use these colours consistently so students quickly become familiar with them.

 

- The names of the characters in the picture drills, reinforce this association.

 

- Students now have a “right hemisphere”, colour based, visual system for identifying tenses. It is easy to make a ‘colour choice’ between, say, Present Perfect and Past. I s it Green or Brown?

The teacher can correct by simply holding up the appropriate coloured pen – and the colour prompts the student into self-correction.