Answer these multiple-choice questions about hobbies.

1. Why do people choose a hobby?

A. They want to have a rest.

B. They want to be busy.

с. They don’t want to relax.

2. Why do people collect books?

A. They can work skilfully with their hands. В. They are fond of reading.

с. They want to sell them.

3. Where do hobbyists find books for their collections?

A. In the museums. В. At jumble sales. с. In the libraries.

4. What do subject collections usually consist of?

A. Books on a particular subject.

В. Different editions of a single book. с. Books with different printing styles.

5. Whom do often book collectors present their collections?

A. To the libraries.

В. To the jumble sales.

с. To the computer centres.

UNIt 3

Theme:       Russia — My Motherland

Texts:         1. The Russian Federation

2. Moscow

Dialogues:  1. The State System of the Russian Federation

2. About the History of Russia

Grammar

Structures:  Infinitive (Инфинитив)

  Test 3                                                                                          

EXErCISE 1. a) read, translate and study the use of the new words to read and discuss the texts and dialogues:

1) to extend. Russia extends from the Baltic Sea to the Pacific Ocean;

2) total, a total area. The total area of Russia is 17 mln sq km;

3) to border. Russia borders many countries;

4) a surface. The surface of the country is various;

5) grasslands. On its territory you can see wide grasslands;

6) a plain. Russia is situated on two plains;

7) a chain, the mountain chain. The Urals, the mountain chains, separate Asia and Europe;

8) mild, a mild climate. The central part of Russia has a mild cli- mate;

9) abundant. Russia has abundant natural resources;

10) soil, fertile soils. Russia is rich in fertile soils;

11) supply, water supply. Russia has a great water supply;

12) wealth. Health is above wealth;

13) densely populated. The European part of the country is densely populated;

14) to prefer. I donʼt like to watch TV. I prefer to read books;

15) outskirts. We donʼt live in the city centre, we live on the outskirts;

16) a commander-in-chief. Our President is the commander-in-chief of the armed forces;

17) to appoint. The President appoints ministers;

18) to approve. It must be approved by the Federal Assembly;

19) to adopt. The Russian flag was adopted in 1991;

20) a stripe. The flag has three stripes;

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21) freedom. The red colour on the flag symbolizes the freedom;

22) an eagle. An eagle is a bird;

23) a fortress. Moscow was founded as a fortress;

24) an invasion. Moscow was ruined during the Tartar invasion;

25) gradually. The rare books were gradually collected by him;

26) to destroy. The city was destroyed by the fascists;

27) a bridge. There are a lot of bridges over the Moskva River;

28) an event, a historic event. Many historic events have left their trac- es on the cityʼs face;

29) a government. The Prime Minister is at the head of the govern- ment;

30) a cathedral. Moscow is known for its beautiful cathedrals;

31) abroad. I have never been abroad. I have travelled only in Russia;

32) a dome. Red Square is famous for its multidomed St Basil's Ca- thedral;

33) to be proud of. We are proud of our capital;

34) magnificent. We are proud of our beautiful and magnificent capi- tal;

35) legislative, executive, judicial. The federal government includes three branches: legislative, executive, judicial;

36) a chamber. The Federal Assembly consists of two chambers: the Council of Federation and the State Duma;

37) to belong. The executive power belongs to the government;

38) a court. The judicial power is represented by the Constitutional Court, the Supreme Court and the regional courts;

39) useful. To know the history of any country is useful;

40) the reign, to reign. It was during the reign of Catherine the Great.

b) Watch out!

to be proud of                                               

I am proud of my father.

We are proud of our country.

c) read the geographical names:

Arctic Ocean [′ɑ:ktɪk 'əʊʃən]        северный Ледовитый океан Asia [′eɪʃǝ] Азия

Baikal [baɪ′kɑ:l]                         оз. Байкал

Baltic Sea [′bɔ:ltɪk� ′si:]              Балтийское море

 

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Black Sea [′blæk ′si:]                   Черное море

Caucasus [′kɔ:kǝsǝs]                    Кавказ

China [′tʃaɪnǝ]                            Китай

Europe [′jʊǝrǝp]                         Европа

Far East [′fɑ:r ′i:st]                      Дальний Восток

Finland [′fɪnlǝnd]                       Финляндия

Lena [′leɪnǝ]                              р. Лена

Mongolia [mɒŋ′ɡəʊlıǝ]                Монголия

Ob [ɒb]                                     р. обь

Pacific Ocean [pǝ′sɪfɪk ′ǝʊʃǝn]      Тихий океан

Russian Federation [′rʌʃǝn fǝdǝ′reɪʃǝn]

российская Федерация

Siberia [saɪ′bɪǝrɪǝ]                      сибирь

Ukraine [ju:′kreɪn]                      Украина

Urals [′jʊǝrǝlz]                           Уральские горы

Volga [′vɒlɡǝ]                            р. Волга

yenisei [ j enɪ′seɪ]                       р. Енисей

 

EXErCISE 2. a) read the words following the rules of reading. Pronounce correctly. Practise aloud:

[e] t e rritory, w ea lth, Ass e mbly, ext e nd, ev e nt, st e ppe, l e gislative, ex e cutive;

[æ] c a pital, fl a g, g a s, n a tural, n a tional, nation a lity, l a nguage, gr a d- ually;

[ɑ:] gr a ssland, comm a nder, p a rt;

[ʌ] R u ssia, s u mmer, c ou ntry, c u ltural, g o vernment, ab u ndant; [ɔ:] w ar m, res ou rce, f o rtress, rest o re, abr o ad, c ou rt;

[ɒ] ad o pt, bel o ng, min o rity, horiz o ntal, dep o sit; [u:] appr o ve, incl u de;

[i:] fr ee dom, ea gle, cath e dral;

[ɪ] minister, bridge, magnificent, judicial; [ɜ:] w or ld, ea rth, s u rface, pref e r, f e rtile;

[eı] st a te, tr a ce, inv a sion, r ei gn, Feder a tion, pl ai n, ch ai n, ch a mber; [еǝ] v a rious;

[aʊ] t ow n, th ou sand, m ou ntain, ou tskirts, pr ou d;

 

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[aɪ] mild, climate, stripe, suppl y; [ǝʊ] c o ld, o cean, m o st, t o tal, d o me.

b) look at the following pairs of words and think if the underlined letters are pronounced in the same way, or if they are pronounced differently:

t e rritory — cath e dral; minister — mild; d o me — ad o pt; w ar m — g a s; ad o pt — appr o ve; st a te — ch a mber; w or ld — t o tal; v a rious — ch a mber; ab u ndant — c u ltural; n a tional — nation a lity; horiz o ntal — c o untry; ea rth — ea gle; gr a dually — l a nguage; ex e cutive — ext e nd; gr a ssland — inv a sion; c ou rt — pr ou d.

 

EXErCISE 3. a) read the international words, mind the stress:

federation, ′Arctic, ′Europe, ′Asia, ′million, kilo′metres, ′territory, cli′matic, zone, ′central, conti′nental, ′natural, de′posits, gas, ′mineral,

′concentrate, ′ethnic, natio′nality, of′ficial, ′president,  com′mander,

′minister, As′sembly, flag, hori′zontal, ′national, rain, his′toric, in′dustrial,

′total, po′litical, ′centre, ′cultural, ′tourist, ′monument, ′theatre, mu′seum,

′gallery, uni′versity, ′History, ma′terial, ′complex, consti′tutional, aris′tocracy, ′period, ide′ology, ′party, de′mocracy.

b) find the English equivalents for the following words and arrange them in pairs:

For example: federation — федерация

национальный, центр, период, арктический, километры, Ев- ропа, Азия, концентрироваться, турист, общий, зона, террито- рия, континентальный, национальный, национальность, офици- альный, президент, разрушать, исторический, промышленный, партия, этнический, миллион, горизонтальный, климатический, центральный, натуральный, залежи, газ, минеральный, командир, министр, Ассамблея, флаг, политический, культурный, монумент, театр, музей, галерея, университет, история, материал, сложный, конституционный, аристократия, идеология, демократия.

 

EXErCISE 4. a) translate, analyse the words with different suffixes and di- vide the following words into the three groups: nouns, adjectives, adverbs:

Federation, Arctic, Baltic, Pacific, total, various, different, climat- ic, central, continental, abundant, natural, mineral, population, ethnic, minority, nationality, densely, official, language, federal, government, horizontal, European, Russian, freedom, invasion, gradually, historic,

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beautiful, industrial, political, monument, educational, institution, university, scientist, magnificent, absolutely, certainly, naturally, com- mander, legislative, executive, judicial, constitutional, regional, Ameri- can, conversation, useful, tradition.

b) Make up as many words as you can by combining different parts of the words:

in-  differ       -ent -ment continent -ence -dom govern -al

free

education -ful region

use

c) the words in capitals at the end of each of the following sentences should be changed to form a word that fits suitably in the blank space.

1. To know the history of any country is... USE.

2. The red colour on the Russian flag symbolizes... FREE.

3. The head of the... is the Prime Minister GOVERN.

4. The climatic zones on the vast territory of Russia are... DIFFER.

5. Moscow State University is one of higher... institutions in Mos- cow EDUCATION.

d) read the following sentences and say what part of speech the words in italics are.

1. Russia borders many countries. 2. The Russian borders are very long. 3. Russia has a great water supply. 4. They supply this country with natural gas. 5. There are different climatic zones on the vast Russian ter- ritory.

EXErCISE 5. a) try to match up the adjectives in column A with the nouns in column В to form meaningful phrases:

A                      В

1) large             a) territory

2) total              b) deposit

3) official          c) stripes

4) wide             d) emblem

5) different        e) zones

6) natural          f) resources

7) Russian         g) flag

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8) vast               h) grasslands

9) horizontal      i) language

10) national         j) area

b) Decide which of the verbs on the left collocate with the nouns on the right:

to border...        deposits

to include...       ministers

to appoint...       the city

to restore...        tourists

to attract...         countries