EXErCISE 20. fill in the missing words in the following sentences. the first letter of each word has been given to help you.

1. Russia b... many different countries. 2. On the vast Russian area, you can see wide g.... 3. The Ural mountain c... separate Europe and Asia. 4. Some parts of Russia have a m... climate. 5. There are large d... of natural resources on the territory of Russia. 6. Most of m... wealth is in Siberia and the Far East. 7. They live on the o... of the city. 8. Moscow was founded in 1147 as a f.... 9. Moscow is one of the m... industrial cit- ies. 10. The g... of the country works in Moscow.

 

EXErCISE 21. fill in the blanks with the articles a, an, the where neces- sary.

1. Russia is... largest country in... area. 2. It extends from... Arctic Ocean to... Black Sea. 3.... President is... head of... state. 4................................................................................... Sibe-

ria has... continental climate. 5.... Russia has...... worldʼs largest oil and

natural gas resources. 6.... two-headed eagle is...... most ancient symbol of

... Russia. 7.... symbols of... country should be approved by...... Federal

Assembly. 8.... government of... country is headed by...... Prime Minister.

9.... Lake Baikal is... deepest in... world. 10.... thousands of...... tourists

try to visit.... lake.

 

EXErCISE 22. a) read and state the function of the verbs to be, to ha v e.

1. The Russian Federation is situated in Europe and in Asia. 2. Its total area is over 17 million square kilometres. 3. There are different cli- matic zones in our country. 4. Russia has abundant natural resources.

5. A lot of water has flowed under its bridges.

b) fill in the blanks with the proper auxiliary verbs.

1. Moscow... founded in 1147. 2. Many historic events....... left their

traces on the cityʼs face. 3. He... never been to Moscow. 4. Moscow...

attracting tourists from all over the world. 5. The city....... been ruined, and

then it.... restored.

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EXErCISE 23. find in the texts, translate, analyse:

a) grammar forms with the ending -ed:

is situated                    was adopted

is located                     was founded

is concentrated             was ruined

is populated                 was restored

must be approved         destroyed

developed                   is named

b) grammar forms with the ending -s:

the worldʼs largest country         square kilometres Russia borders many countries the President appoints the forests and grasslands           ministers

rivers and lakes                        stripes

the worldʼs deepest lake            its bridges

climatic zones                          events

summers and winters                traces

natural resources                      on the cityʼs face

large deposits                          Russiaʼs major cities

three quarters                          the government works

most of Russiaʼs people             it attracts tourists

ethnic Russians                        its cathedrals, monuments

nationalities                             St Basilʼs Cathedral

cities, towns                            all peoples it extends

EXErCISE 24. a) translate the sentences, pay attention to the use of dif- ferent conjunctions.

1. After the city had been ruined, it was rebuilt again. 2. It is known that Moscow was founded in 1147. 3. Moscow was rebuilt, because it was destroyed by fire. 4. If you come to Moscow, you will see many beautiful cathedrals, monuments, theatres, museums there. 5. When Catherine the Great reigned, it was a period of great cultural growth.

b) fill in the blanks with the proper conjunctions.

1. It is known... Russia is the worldʼs largest country in area. 2....

you look at the geographical map of Russia, you will find many rivers and lakes there. 3. Moscow is a political centre,......................................................................... the government works

there. 4. Moscow attracts tourists from all over the world,...... it is a cultural

centre. 5...... you want to know any country well, you should know the

peopleʼs customs and traditions.

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EXErCISE 25. Mind the word order. a) Extend the following sentences with the words given in brackets.

1. It is very cold (in the North, in summer, even) 2. The country has a mild climate (of, the part, central). 3. One hundred nationalities live there (minority, than, more, also). 4. Moscow was founded in 1147 (a fortress, as, the Moskva River, on). 5. The government works (our country, of, Moscow, in).

b) Put the words in the following sentences in order. the first word in each sentence is in italics.

1. all, of, parts, our, country, in, There, many, rivers, are.

2. three quarters, has, wealth, mineral, the, Russia, of, Siberia, Far East, in, the, and.

3. has, stripes, three, The Russian, horizontal, flag.

4. Moscow, The heart, Red Square, of, is.

5. all, the, world, well-known, The Moscow Kremlin, is, over.

c) give possible beginning of the sentences.

1.... on the cityʼs face. 2.... all over the world. 3..... 850 years old.

4.... in the 13th century. 5..... became stronger.

d) Complete the followings sentences in a logical way.

1. The Russian Federation is... 2. It extends... 3. Russia borders...

4. Its total area is... 5. The  Urals mountain chains separate...... 6. There

are... 7. It is... 8. The central part has... 9. Russia has..... 10. The popula-

tion of Russia is... 11. The capital of the country is...... 12. The head  of

the state is... 13. The Russian flag was adopted... 14. It has...... 15. We are

proud of...