EXErCISE 7. Divide the following words into three groups which describe

a) surface, b) population, c) national symbols:

people, foreign-born, a plain, rivers, lakes, a valley, an olive branch, an eagle, rapids, regions, arrows, to wage, to flow, mountain chains, trib- utaries, channels, a language, Spanish, emigrants, stars, stripes, to sym- bolize, a pyramid, Italians, British, a side.

EXErCISE 8. a) Decide which word is the odd one out in each of the fol- lowing groups of words:

1) a valley, rapids, tributaries, minerals;

2) hot, cool, changeable, warm;

3) Huron, Erie, Superior, Colorado;

4) Mexicans, Chinese, Germans, Canadians;

5) Colorado, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri.

b) find the names for the groups of words. fill in each of the spaces:

1) the plain, the mountain chains, rivers, lakes —...;

2) fertile soils, a water supply, forests, iron ore —...;

3) Mexicans, Germans, Canadians, Italians —...;

4) English, Spanish, Russian, Italian —...;

5) Ontario, Michigan, Superior, Huron —....

EXErCISE 9. a) translate the following definitions of the words.

1. A valley is an area of land lying between two lines of hills or moun- tains, often with a river running through.

2. Rapids are the parts of the river where the water moves very fast over rocks.

3. A seal is the official mark of a government, company etc, often made by pressing a pattern into wax or making an unremovable mark on papers which is fixed to certain formal and official writ- ings.

4. A war is armed fighting between nations.

5. A peace is a period in which there is no war between two or more nations.

b) the following words also appear in the texts and dialogues. Match each one with its correct definition:

a desire, an abbreviation, a tribe, an ability, cattle

1) a shortened form of a word;

2) a strong hope or wish;

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3) the fact of having the skill, power or other qualities that are need- ed in order to do something;

4) cows and bulls, especially as kept on farms for meat or milk;

5) a social group made up of people of the same race, beliefs, cus- toms, language etc, living in a particular area often under the leadership of a chief.

 

EXErCISE 10. a) Study the use of the Participle I and Participle II.

1. Составная часть сказуемого

He is translating the text. (он переводит текст.)

He is writing a composition. (он пишет сочинение.) The text is translated by him. (Текст переводится им.)

The composition is written by him. (сочинение пишется им.)

2. Определение

The boy writing a composition is my student. (Мальчик, пишущий сочинение, — мой студент.)

The composition written by my student is nice. (сочинение, написанное моим студентом, замечательное.)

The written composition is nice. (написанное сочинение замечательное.)

3. Обстоятельство

(When, while) reading this book, I made some notes. (Читая эту книгу, я делал пометки.)

Being asked to answer the questions, I did it at once. (Когда меня попросили ответить на вопросы, я сделал это сразу же.) Having written a composition, he went to bed. (написав сочинение, он пошел спать.)

Having been formed, the council began to function. (Будучи сформированным, совет начал функционировать.)

When translated into Russian, this book was read by many stu- dents. (Когда эту книгу перевели на русский язык, она была прочитана многими студентами.)

Though not prepared very well, he could answer that ques- tion. (Хотя он был не очень хорошо подготовлен, он смог ответить на этот вопрос.)

If written well, the composition will be read to the students. (Если сочинение будет написано хорошо, оно будет прочитано студентам.)

 

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b) read the sentences, state the function of the Participle I and Partici- ple II, translate into russian.

1. They were spending their holidays in Moscow. 2. The money was spent on computer games. 3. They were choosing the books in the library the whole morning yesterday. 4. The books were chosen by them. 5. I like the singing birds. 6. I like the birds singing in the trees. 7. The spoken language was difficult to understand. 8. The article written by this jour- nalist was unusual. 9. While writing a composition, he was making some mistakes. 10. Having written a composition, he went out. 11. Being well prepared, he passed his exams successfully. 12. If studied, the English language will display many words of Latin origin. 13. Having opened the door, he went into the room. 14. Having introduced my new friends to my parents, I began to play computer games. 15. The written article was published in this journal. 16. Being cooked by my mother, the dinner was very nice. 17. Visiting the museum, he met her there. 18. The enlarged park became more beautiful. 19. Our city destroyed by the fascists was rapidly restored. 20. The new built theatre attracted a lot of people.