Тема: Международные полицейские организации

 

 

Итоговый тест по разделу "Лингвострановедение"

 

 

1. The USA is a federation of... states.

a) fifty b) fifty-two c) fifty-one

 

2. The biggest river in the USA is the....

a) Colorado b) Columbia c) Mississippi

 

3. The Largest lakes are the Great lakes,... in number.

a) four b) three c) five

 

4. Washington is situated in....

a) Maryland b) Delaware c) the District of Columbia

 

5. Sheriff is an officer who is ….

a) appointed by the mayor b) elected by people c) hired by the city

 

6. In large cities the police is under the control of a ….

a) police commissioner b) sheriff c) deputy sheriff

 

7. The Presidential election is held every... year in November.

a) second b) third c) fourth

 

8. The Pentagon is the headquarters of the Department of....

a) Justice b) Defense c) Interior

 

9. The legislative power belongs to....

a) the cabinet b) the Supreme Court c) the Congress

 

10. The Senate is composed of... members from each state elected for a term of six years.

a) four b) two c) three

 

11. In order to become a law all bills and resolutions must be signed by....

a) the Secretary of State b) the Chief Justice c) the President

 

12. In domestic as well as in foreign policy the President can... count upon the automatic support of the Congress.

a) always b) seldom c) often

 

13. The Supreme Court is, the highest... body of the United States.

a) executive b) legislative c) judicial

14. The head of each state is called the... of the state.

a) secretary b) mayor c) governor

 

15. The Representatives are elected every two years for … - year terms of office.

a) 2 b) 3 c) 4

 

16. The executive power in the US is vested in the ….

a) Congress b) Senate c) President

 

17. The US President must be a native-born citizen, resident in the country for 14 years and at least … years old.

a) 25 b) 35 c) 45

 

18. The ….power belongs to the US Congress.

a) judicial b) executive c)legislative

 

19. The ….court consists of a chief justice and eight associate justices.

a) federal b) district c) supreme

 

20. The head of each executive department in the USA is called ….

a) a minister b) a secretary c) a mayor

 

21. The US Constitution consists of the Preamble, seven articles and twenty-six amendments, the first... of them called col­lectively the Bill of Rights.

a) seven b) nine c) ten

 

22. The United Kingdom is composed of....

a) four parts b) two parts c) eight parts

 

23. Great Britain is separated from the European Continent by the ….

a) English Channel b) Atlantic Ocean c) Black Sea

 

24. The highest mountains in Great Britain are ….

a) The Appalachian mountains b) the Cambrian mountains c) the Rocky mountains

 

25. The name of the longest river in the UK is the....

a) Trent b) Thames c) Severn

 

26. Local police forces in the UK work independently under leadership of their ….

a) Chief Constable b) Chief Inspector c) Chief Superintendent

27. The capital of Scotland is ….

a) Edinburgh b) Glasgow c) Liverpool

 

28. There is a separate police force in Britain for each of … areas into which the country is divided.

a) 20 b) 52 c) 30

 

29. Police policy in Great Britain is governed by ….

a) the House of Commons b) Home Office c) the Cabinet

 

30. Great Britain is a....

a) federal republic b) monarchy c) Parliamentary monarchy

 

31. The houses of Parliament with Big Ben are situated in....

a) Glasgow b) London c) Edinburgh

 

32. The true power in the UK belongs to....

a) the Parliament b) the cabinet c) the Queen

 

33. There are … branches of Power in Great Britain.

a) two b) three c) four

 

34. The head of the British Government is called....

a) the President b) the Prime Minister c) the Queen

 

35. The most common type of court in England and Wales is the … court.

a) juvenile b) magistrates' c) coroners'

 

36. The Supreme authority of the UK is....

a) the Cabinet b) the Prime Minister c) the Queen

 

37. The highest judicial body in the UK is....

a) the House of lords b) the House of Commons c) local autho­rities

 

38. The Queen' s power is …

a) elective b)hereditary c)absolute

 

39. One of the most important functions of the Prime Minister is …

a) opening and closing Parliament b)giving honors such as peerages, knighthood and medals c)changing the Cabinet

 

40. Parliament … laws, the Government … laws, the law courts … laws.

a) makes b) interpret c) executes

ФОНД КОНТРОЛЬНЫХ ЗАДАНИЙ ПО ПРОВЕРКЕ ОСТАТОЧНЫХ ЗНАНИЙ И РУБЕЖНОГО КОНТРОЛЯ УСПЕВАЕМОСТИ

Тема: Основы теории и практики научно-технического

перевода и анализа текста

 

 

Вариант 1

 

Задание 1. Переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, содержащие инфинитивные конструкции:

 

1. The ancients thought electricity to be invisible fluid.

2. It is too early to properly weigh the significance of this method.

3. When sound waves are directed on the diaphragm they cause it to move backwards and forwards.

4. There are certain principles to be followed in the design of this device.

5. This method is said to give good results.

 

 

Задание 2. Прочтите текст и переведите письменно на русский язык абзацы 1, 4, 5, пользуясь словарем.

 

Photoelectric Emission

1. Definition. Photoelectric emission (or, simply, photoemission) is electron emission attributable solely to the electromagnetic radiation absorbed by a solid or liquid and not associated with its heating. A cathode whose primary function is photoelectric emission is termed a photoelectric cathode.

2. Theory of рhotoemission. According to the law derived by the Russian scientist A.G. Stoletov, the number of emitted electrons and, as a consequence, the saturation photocurrent, I_ph, are proportional to the incident luminous flux

I_ph = n_phe = КФ

Here, n_ph is the number of photoelectrons emitted per unit time, Ф is the luminous flux, and K is the constant of proportionality.

3. In compliance with the Einstein photoelectric equation, the kinetic energy of an electron ejected from a system by an incident photon is a function of the frequency, v, associated with the absorbed photon and is independent of the luminous flux intensity

mv²/2 = hv – E₀

Here, hv is the energy of the absorbed photon and E₀ is the energy necessary to remove an electron from the system, called the electronic work function of that system. The above two expressions are the basic laws of photoelectric emission.

4. Metals can emit electrons already at a temperature close to zero, because the incident photons can impart enough energy to the electrons near the Fermi level to escape from the surface of the material.

5. Photoemission in semiconductors is more complex. Here, the absorbed photons may impart their energy not only to the electrons in the conduction band, but also to impurity electrons and those in the valence band. At room temperature, the density of electrons in the conduction band is low, so the photocurrent established by these electrons is small. If the energy of an incident photon is sufficient for an electron to leave the impurity levels, photoemission increases. As the energy of the absorbed photons increases, more electrons from the valence band contribute to the major part of photocurrent.

Задание 3. Прочтите текст, постарайтесь понять его основное содержание, не пользуясь словарем. Изложите его кратко (в 4-5 предложениях) на русском языке.

 

Phototubes

A phototube is an electron device whose electric properties are controlled by incident light. According to the medium in which the photoeffect takes place, phototubes may be classed into vacuum and gas-filled types.

The photocathode is made up by a layer of a light-sensitive material applied either to a part of the internal surface of the glass envelope or to a special plate. The most common are monatomic-film cathodes which consist of a thin layer of oxidized metal given a monatomic coat of cesium. Generally, use is made of oxygen-cesium and antimony-cesium photocathodes. In the majority of cases, the antimony-cesium photocathode is applied to a thin nickel base film.

The anode is either a ring placed in the middle of the envelope or a grid placed near the planar cathode. Such an anode does not prevent light from striking the photocathode.

The cathode is connected to the negative terminal and the anode to the positive terminal of a direct-voltage source E. The anode circuit contains a load resistor, R_L. When light falls upon the tube, the photocathode emits electrons which are carried along by the positive anode field.

 

 

Вариант 2

Задание 1. Переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, содержащие инфинитивные конструкции:

 

1. We consider nuclear energy to be the prime source of heat energy.

2. These regions were too far away to be affected by the explosion.

3. Advancement in electronic techniques appears to be endless.

4. A current which always flows in one direction along a wire is said to be a direct current.

5. The data do not appear to be correct.

Задание 2. Прочтите текст и переведите письменно на русский язык абзацы 1, 2, пользуясь словарем.

Electron Emission

1. Forms of Electron Emission. To free itself from the binding forces of a material, an electron has to do some work. This work cannot be done unless the electron receives some additional energy. The ejection of electrons from the surface of a material is called electron emission. Electron emission from a solid in a vacuum can occur in one of four ways, as follows: (1) thermionic emission, (2) photoelectric emission, (3) secondary emission, (4) field emission. As is seen, the forms of emission differ in the source of energy. The number of electrons leaving the solid and their speed in a vacuum depend on the amount of energy they acquire and also on the properties of the emitting body, that is, the cathode.

2. Field Emission. Let us make electrode A still more positive. The height of the potential barrier E₀ will be reduced, the width of the barrier will be very narrow, and it will approach the cathode. Due to the high field strength, E, the potential barrier so narrow that emission occurs by diffusion through the barrier. This is known as the “tunnel” effect. Now electrons are torn out, as it were, from the cathode surface by the strong electric field. Such emission is called field emission.

3.Calculations show that field emission occurs at an external field strength E of about 10⁸ V/cm. However, experimental observations give E = (approximately) 10⁶ V/cm. This difference can mainly be ascribed to the roughness of the cathode surface.

4. Field emission is utilized only in some gas-filled devices (such as mercury-pool rectifiers and ignitrons), although the effect of an external electric field must also be taken into account when considering other types of emission utilized in many electron tubes.

 

 

Задание 3. Прочтите текст, постарайтесь понять его основное содержание, не пользуясь словарем. Изложите его кратко (в 4-5 предложениях) на русском языке.