Профессии в области компьютерных

Технологий

(Careers in Computing)

 

1. Проверьте, можете ли вы перевести названия следую

щих специальностей:

а) systems analyst;

б) software engineer/designer;

в) computer salesperson;

г) computer systems support person;

д) computer systems analyst programmer;

е) hardware engineer;

ж) network support person.

 

2. Если вы затрудняетесь найти русские эквиваленты для

английских названий специалистов, прочитайте следующие опи

сания их работы, выпишите их основные обязанности на англий

ском языке, соотнесите описания работы с названиями специа

листов и переведите эти названия на русский язык.

1. Studies methods of working within an organization to decide

how tasks can be done efficiently by computers. Makes a detailed

analysis of the employer’s requirements and work patterns to

prepare a report on different options for using information

technology. This may involve consideration of hardware as well

as software. Either uses standard computer packages or writes

 

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a specification for programmers to adapt existing software or

to prepare new software. May oversee the implementation and

testing of a system and acts as a link between the user and the

programmer.

2. Maintains the link between PCs and workstations connected in

a network. Uses telecommunications, software and electronic

skills, and knowledge of the networking software to locate and

connect faults. This may involve work with the controlling

software, on the wiring, printed circuit boards, software or

microchips on a file server, or on cables either within or outside

the building.

3. Researches, designs, and develops computers, or parts of

computers and the computerized element of appliances,

machines, and vehicles. Also involved in their manufacture,

installation, and testing. May specialize in different areas:

research and development (r & d), design, manufacturing. Has

to be aware of cost, efficiency, safety, environmental factors, as

well as engineering aspects.

4. Produces the programs which control the internal operations of

computers. Converts the system analyst’s specification to

a logical series of steps. Translates these into the appropriate

computer language. Often comply programs from libraries or

subprograms, combining these to make up a complete system

program. Designs, tests and improves programs for computer

aided design and manufacture, business applications, computer

networks and games.

5. Advises potential customers about available hardware and sells

equipment to suit individual requirements. Discusses computing

needs with client to ensure that a suitable system can be supplied.

Organizes the sale and delivery and, if necessary, installation and

testing. May arrange support or training, maintenance and

consultation. Must have sufficient technical knowledge.

6. They are analyst programmers who are responsible for maintain

ing updating and modifying the software used by a company.

Some specialize in software and electronic skills, and knowledge

 

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of the which handles the basic operation of the computers. This

involves the use of machine codes and specialized low level com

puter languages. Most handle applications software. May sort

out problems encountered by users. Solving problems may in

volve amending an area of code in the software, retrieving files

and data lost when a system crashes, and a basic knowledge of

hardware.

7. Creates the software programs used by computers. May

specialize in the internal operating systems using low level

computer language, or in applications programs. May specialize

in one aspect of the work, e.g. programming, systems design,

systems analysis or cover them all. May support the system

through advice and training, providing user manuals, and by

helping users with any problems that arise.

 

3. Если вы не смогли найти русские эквиваленты к первому

заданию, попробуйте придумать их, используя различные пере

водческие трансформации.

 

Интернет

(The Internet)

 

1. Прочитайте статью и определите, истинны (Т) или лож

ны (F) следующие утверждения :

1. The Internet first started in the USA.

2. The Internet and the WWW are different.

3. Bernes Lee invented the Internet.

4. One file on the WWW can have two or more addresses.

5. There are 40 million Internet users today.

 

The Internet originated in the early 1970s when the United

States wanted to make sure the people could communicate after

the nuclear war. This needed a free and independent communication

network without a centre and it led to a network of computers that

could send each other e mail through cyberspace.

Tim Berners Lee invented the World Wide Web (WWW) when

he discovered a way to jump to different files on his computer using

 

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the random or unplanned links between them. He then wrote a

simple coding system, called HTML (Hyper Text Markup

Language) to create links to files on any computer connected to

the network. This was possible because each file had an individual

address, or URL (Uniform Resource Locator). He then used a set

of transfer rules, called HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol) to

link Web files together across the Internet. Berners Lee also

invented the world’s first browser. This lets you locate and view

Web pages and also navigate from one link to another.

The WWW became available to everyone in 1991 and the num

ber of Internet users grew from 600,000 to 40 million in five years.

Today, that number is miles larger and there are now many browsers

that provide Web pages, information and other services. You can also

do research, download music files, play interactive games, shop, talk

in chat rooms and send and receive e mail on the WWW.

 

2. Найдите в тексте слова или сокращения, соответствую

щие следующим выражениям:

а) an address for Web pages;

б) a coding system that creates links;

в) this finds and shows Web pages;

г) rules for transferring files;

д) a group of computers joined together.

 

3. Соотнесите каждую группу глаголов (1—5) с одним из сле

дующих глаголов с общим значением: