Случаи употребления инфинитива

1. Инфинитив используется:

a) для выражения цели (в этой функции инфинитив может вводиться выражениями in order to/ so as to) I went to university to...

I phoned him to... (Я позвонил ему, чтобы …)

I met my mother after the work to... (Я встретился с мамой после работы, чтобы …)

I opened the window to... (Я открыл окно, чтобы …)

b) после некоторых глаголов (agree, appear, decide, expect, hope, plan, promise, refuse etc) He refused to say anything.

I decided to explain her the rule once more. She promised to write every week.

 

c) после некоторых прилагательных (happy, glad, sorry etc)

I am sorry to inform you that your application has been rejected.

He was glad to say her goodbye.

It was very unpleasant to wake up.

It is useless to discuss this question.

 

It + be + adj ( + of +noun/pronoun)

It was very clever/stupid/generous/kind/silly of me to... (Было разумно, глупо, щедро с моей стороны …)

It was good of you to wait for me

 

d) после некоторых существительных:

He expressed a desire to help me

What a surprise to see him here!

I have something to tell you

She was not a woman to suffer in silence

I had nobody to say a kind word to me

 

e) после выражений с too/ enough:

It is too cold for us to go swimming./It is not warm enough for us to go swimming. He is too ill to go to work./He is not well enough to go to work. I don't know him well enough to ask him for help. He is too young to have his own car. He's got enough money to live on. He was too busy to see anyone.

 

f) После выражения "I would like/love/prefer to"

I'd like to see a manager.

I'd like to go away for a couple of days.

Would you like to come to dinner on Friday? I wouldn't like to go on holiday alone. Would you prefer to have dinner now or later?

 

g) It + be +first/next/last

I knew I wasn't the first to arrive, for I saw smoke rising from the chimney.

I am sure she will be the first to come to the meeting.

He was the last to come to work.

Let me be the first to congratulate you on your remarkable success.

 

h) for + noun/pronoun + to inf.

That was for him to find out.

This is for you to decide

For him to be so rude was unforgivable

 

i) In expressions such as: to tell the truth, to begin with, to be honest, to cut a long story short.

 

 

2. Формы инфинитива

	Active	Passive
Indefinite Continuous Perfect Perfect Continuous	to give to be giving to have given to have been giving	to be given _ to have been given _

 

The Indefinite infinitive относит действие к настоящему или будущему.

I hope to meet her tonight. /I hoped to meet her that day.

 

The continuous infinitive выражает действие, происходящее в данный момент.

He must be sleeping now.

 

The perfect infinitive используется, чтобы показать, что действие уже произошло.

He claims to have worked here before. He seems to have lost my book.

 

The Perfect Continuous выражает длительное действие, которое развивалось в течение определенного периода в прошлом. Длительность действия часто указывается с помощью предлогов for или since.

He looks tired. He seems to have been studying for the test all night.

3. Случаи употребления инфинитива без частицы to:

- После всех модальных глаголов, кроме ought: You can leave now if you want.

Но: Society ought to take care of the elderly and disabled people.

 

После выражений had better / would rather (Would you rather have tea or coffee? I'd rather not go out tonight. I'd better stay at home.)

 

После глаголов make/let + дополнение (They made him pay for the damage./They let him go.)

Но с этими выражениями в пассиве частица to используется: He was made to apologize for his behaviour.

 

- После глаголов see/hear/notice/observe/feel + дополнение (I didn't hear you come in. / Liz suddenly felt somebody touch her on the shoulder. / Did you notice anyone go out? / I saw him fall off the wall. / I saw Tom get into his car and drive away.)

 

В предложениях, начинающихся с why (not) (почему бы вам не?) Why not come ant talk to her yourself?

 

Переведите предложения на русский язык и назовите форму инфинитива.

1. I'm happy to teach English.

2. My daughter is happy to be taught English.

3. She's glad to be teaching such intelligent students.

5. You must be glad to have taught the subject before.

6. They are happy to have been taught by native speakers.

7. She was happy to have been teaching at this University for several years already.