Text 2. History of Law in Belarus

Work in pairs. Read the text, ask and answer questions.

Grammar review: use Active or Passive Voice forms of the verbs to open the brackets:

In the 15th century many Belarusian cities (grant) the Magdeburg Law of Rule, a part of feudal law of Grand Duchy of Litva, which (give) them the right to self-government. Later a State Code of Laws, that (stand) above the local legal norms (write) in the Belarusian language.

As a result of the Russian expansion to the west, in 1830, the use of the Grand Duchy of Litva Code of Laws (ban) on the territory of Belarus.

In 1922 the Soviet Belorussia (establish) a system of courts that (be) unchanged up to the liquidation of the Soviet Union.

Nowadays, after the Republic of Belarus (establish) in 1991and its Constitution (adopt) in 1994, a new law-governed state (create) in Belarus.

Note: Grand Duchy of Litva – Великое Княжество Литовское

Code of Laws – кодекс, свод законов

feudal – феодальный

grant – даровать

ban – запретить

expansion – расширение

create – создавать

law-governed state – правовое государство

Ask your partner:

1. under the influence of what law traditions the legal system of Belarus was established;

2. in what century many Belarusian cities were granted the Magdeburg Law of Rule;

3. in what language the first Code of Laws was written;

4. why the Code of Laws was historically important;

5. when and why the Grand Duchy of Litva Code of Laws was banned in
Belarus;

6. when a modern period in the law system of Belarus started;

7. if the formation of the law-governed state is fully completed in modern
Belarus.

 

WRITING PRACTICE

THE ARBITRATION COURTS

Translate the text and put questions in writing:

The courts of the Republic of Belarus are permanent institutions. But if the parties on business or civil disputes reach agreement before the state court's decision, they have the right to form special courts - the arbitration courts.

The most famous of all arbitration courts of the Republic of Belarus is the International Arbitration Court at the Belarusian Chamber of Commerce and Industry, which was founded in 1994. It is the full member of the European group of Arbitration Courts and a part of the global system of International Arbitration Courts.

The International Arbitration Court at the Belarusian Chamber of Commerce and Industry

deals with economic disputes of which at least one party is foreign and also disputes in which both parties are Belarusian.

The activity of the International Arbitration Court is regulated by the Law of the Republic of Belarus.

Note: Arbitration Court – Арбитражный Суд

Chamber of Commerce and Industry – Торговопромышленная Палата

Ask and answer:

1. when people have the right to form special courts;

2. what the name of special courts is;

3. what the most famous arbitration court of the Republic of Belarus is;

4. whenthe International Arbitration Court at the Belarusian Chamber of Commerce and Industry was founded;

5. what disputes the International Arbitration Court deals with;

6. ifthe activity of the International Arbitration Court is regulated by the Law of the Republic.

PRESENTATION

Speak on the topic: “The Judicial Power of the Republic of Belarus”.

GRAMMAR REFERENCE -приложение

NUMERALS

	The cardinal numerals (количественные числительные)		The ordinal numerals (порядковые числительные)
1mln 2mlrd	one [w۸ n] two [tu:] three [θ ri:]   four [f ɔ:] five [faiv] six [siks] seven [sevən] eight [eit] nine [nain] ten [ten] eleven [i`levn] twelve [twelv] 13 – 19:суффикс- `teen thirteen [θə:`ti:n] fourteen fifteen [fif `ti:n] 20-90: суффикс – ty(безударный) twenty twenty -one thirty forty fifty ninety one (two, three …) hundred one (five, ten…) thousand one (two, twenty …) million two milliard / billion (Am.)	the 1st the 2nd the 3rd   the 4th the 5th the 6th the 7th the 8th the 9th the 10th the 11th the 12th   the 13th the 14th the 15th   the 20th the 21st the 30th the 40th the 50th the 90th the 100th the 1000th the mlnth the mlrdth	the first [fə:`st] - (1st) the second [`sekənd] - (2nd) the third [θə:d] - (3rd) 4ый – 19ый: суффикс - th the fourth (4th) the fifth[`fifθ] the sixth the seventh the eighth the ninth the tenth the eleventh the twelveth 13 – 19:суффикс– `teen + th the thirteenth the fourteenth the fifteenth 20й–90й: суффикс ty àie + th the twentieth the twenty- first (21st) the thirtieth the fortieth the fiftieth[`fiftiθ] the ninetieth the one (two, three…) hundredth the one (five, ten …) thousandth the one (two, twenty …) millionth the two milliardth / billionth

NUMBER OF THE NOUNS -число существительных

 

COUNT NOUNS (Singular – one, Plural – many )

исчисляемые существительные

 

Plural: NOUN + s (-es)

[ s ] – после глухих согласных: cat – cats, book – books

[ z ] – после звонких согласных:dog – dogs, table – tables

-- после гласных: a) гласная + y + s: boy - boys, day – days

b) согласная + y à i + es: baby – babies, family – families

c) гласная o + es: hero – heroes, potato – potatoes

But: photos, pianos, videos, radios, stereos

[ iz] – после шипящих и свистящих (-s, -ss, -sh, -ch, -x, -g) + es:

glass – glasses, brush – brushes, watch – watches, box – boxes, page - pages