Text 3. Legal professions in Belarus

Translate the text in writing:

After graduating from the Belarusian Institute of Law its graduates can become lawyers or judges at the court, procurators at the procurator’s office. They can be public prosecutors or counsels for the defense at the trial. They can be notaries at the notary office and legal consultants at a state or private office.

The Law Institute graduates can also work as operatives, divisional inspectors and investigators in the organs of the Ministry of Internal Affairs.

Today, more than five hundred graduates of the Belarusian Institute of Law work at the legal agencies under the Ministry of Justice, forty of them are judges. About nine hundred graduates serve at the agencies of the Ministry of Internal Affairs.

Vocabulary:

lawyer [`lɔ:jə] – адвокат

judge [`dʒ۸dʒ] – судья

court [ko:t] – суд

trial – судебный процесс

procurator – прокурор

public prosecutor – государственный обвинитель (прокурор)

procurator’s office = public prosecution office –прокуратура

counsel for the defence –защитник

notary – нотариус

legal consultant – юридический консультант

operatives –оперативники

divisional inspectors –участковые инспекторы

investigators – следователи в органах МВД

Ministry of Internal Affairs – Министерство внутренних дел

Ministry of Justice – Министерство юстиции

 

Answer the questions:

1. Where can a Law Institute graduate work as a lawyer or a judge?

2. Would you like to be a public prosecutor or a counsel for the defense at the trial?

3. Where does a notary work?

4. Would you prefer to be a legal consultant at a state or private office?

5. Is the work of operatives, divisional inspectors and investigators in the organs of the Ministry of Internal Affairs difficult and dangerous?

TIME FOR A JOKE

What are you going to be after you pass all the exams?

I’m afraid, by the time I pass all my exams I’ll be a pensioner.

PRESENTATION

Speak on the topic: “The Belarusian Institute of Law”.

UNIT 4

LIFE STYLE OF STUDENTS

 

GRAMMAR FOCUS

Active Voice Tenses:

Present Perfect

Present Perfect Continuous

Disjunctive Questions

GRAMMAR PRACTICE

THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

Can be used:

1. with ever / never; many / much / a lot of:

Model: – Have you ever been to London?

– No, I have never been to London.

– Yes, I have been there many times.

1. … you (play) golf? 2. … you (win) a lot of money? 3. … you (speak) to a foreigner? 4. … you (be) to New York?

Yes, … many times No, … never Yes, … once. No, … never

 

2. with already / just; with yet – только в (?) или (-):

Model: – Have you already seen this film?

– No, I haven’t seen it yet.

– Yes, I have already / just seen it.

1.... you (buy) a car? 2. … your sister (marry)? 3. … you (have) breakfast? 4. … she (finish) her homework?

Yes, I … just… No, I … yet. Yes, I … already… Yes, I … just …

3. with today / this year (winter, afternoon)

with lately / recently – недавно (за последние дни, недели / за последние месяцы, годы:

Model: - Have you seen Tom this year?

– Yes, I have seen him lately.

1. … you (see) John today? 2. … your brother (be) to Italy this year? 3. … your parents (come) back from Japan?

Yes, I … lately. Yes, he… recently. No, my father … yet. But my mother … just

4. with all my life, for / since:

Model: -How long have they been to England?

–They have been there for two months, since they arrived (Past Simple) in London.

1. How long … they (live) in Minsk? 2. How long … you (know) him? 3. How long … he (work) as a lawyer?

They (live) in Minsk all their life. I (know) him for a year, since we (meet) in May. She (work) for 5 years, since she graduated in 2010.

5. after the superlative degree of adjectives -после превосходной степени прилагательных:

Model: -What a boring film! It’s the most boring film I have ever seen.

1. What a beautiful woman!   2. … you already (read) this book?   3. … you (meet) a good friend in your life?

Oh, yes! She’s the most beautiful woman I … ever (see). Oh,yes! It’s the most interesting book I … ever (read). Yes, I … (meet) Nick, he is the best friend I … ever (have).

6. after the 1^st (the 2^nd, the 3^rd, the 4th) time / before, after:

Model: – Have you ever driven a car?

–No, I have never driven a car before.

– It’s the first time I have driven a car.

 

1. … you ever (do) this job before?   2. … she ever (travel) abroad?   3. … you ever (speak) Italian?

No. I … never (do) it before. It’s the first time I (do) this job. Yes, she … (travel) abroad many times. It’s the third time she (be) to England. No, I …never (speak) Italian. It’s the first time I … (try) to say some Italian words.

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

7. after for years, over the years, ever since:

Model: -I have been working as a teacher all my life. (работаю)

1. Compare present simple /continuous /perfect /perfect continuous tenses:

1. She (be) a teacher. She (teach) English.

At present she (teach) English at the Institute of Law.

She already (teach) students for 45 years, since she finished Univercity.

She (teach) English all her life.

2. He (be) a construction worker. He (paint) new apartments.

At the moment he (paint) Ann’s flat.

He already (paint) the sitting room and dining room.

Right now he (paint) the Kitchen.

He (work) a construction worker for many years.

 

3. Tom and Jane (be) old travellers.

They (travel) for years, since they (marry).

They already (be) to many countries.

Now they (travel) in India.