TYPES OF QUESTIONS with the verb TO BE

UNIT 1

ACQUAINTANCE

GRAMMAR FOCUS

Numerals: ordinal and cardinal

Pronouns: Personal, Possessive Reflexive, Demonstrative, Interrogative and Indefinite

Nouns: Posessive case, Plural number

Verbs: to be, have; there + be construction

Types of Questions: General, Alternative, Special, Disjunctive.

 

GRAMMAR PRACTICE

NUMERALS

· Сardinal numerals – количественные числительные

 

1. Count from 1 to 12.

2. Read the following cardinal numerals:

1 – 11 – 10 2 – 12 – 20 3 – 13 – 30 4 – 14 – 40

5 – 15 – 50 6 – 16 – 60 7 – 17 – 70 8 – 18 – 80

9 – 19 – 90 1 – 11 –10 – 100 –1000 2 – 12 – 20 –200 –2000 5 – 15 – 50 –500 –5000

11 – 25 – 42 – 55 66 – 77 – 83 – 92

104 – 214 – 040 705 – 515 – 850

1. 122 – 15. 612 33. 313 – 416. 760

2. 312. 611 98. 765. 432

333. 222. 013 25. 505. 015. 150

177. 707. 017. 170 10. 629. 058. 413. 912

· Ordinal numerals -порядковые числительные употребляются с определённым артиклем: the six th – the sixteen th – the sixtie th, the twenty -second

1. Count from the 1st to the 10^th:

2. Read the following ordinal numerals:

the 11^th – 12^th – 21^st – 13^th - 32^nd – 14^th – 40^th - 43^rd – 15^th – 55^th – 17^th – 70^th – 87^th – 18^th – 99^th – 100^th – 252^nd – 1.000^th – 5.803^rd –5.600.031^st

DATES

1. Read the following dates:

Model: 01. 05. 1970 – the first of May, nineteen seventy

07. 12. 2001 – the seventh of December, two thousand one

9.10.1969; 31.01.2016; 22.06.1941; 09.05.1945; 05.03.1948

 

NUMBER OF THE NOUNS

1. Place plural forms of the nouns in the correct columns:

count nouns	non-count nouns	special forms	only singular	only plural	singular and plural
-s	- es	- ies	-ves

animal baby box boy bread foot

child glasses glass door family fish

furniture goose half information knife light

man match money mouse news page

pen pencil potato salt sheep lady

shelf statistics tooth wife water woman

TO BE -быть, находиться, являться

Simple	resent	Past	Future
Singular – ед.ч.	I he, she, it	am is	was	will be
Plural – мн.ч.	we, you, they	are	were

Fill in the correct forms of the verb to be:

The news …very good.

My jeans … new.

Our furniture … old.

The police…here already.

Your hair…too short.

Deer … very beautiful. I like them.

 

TYPES OF QUESTIONS with the verb TO BE

Ø Ask GENERAL (YES, NO) – questions -общие вопросы:

Model: Are youa student? – Yes, I am. / No, I am not.

 

 

She / at home / now we / your friends I / beautiful / handsome

they / at football match / yesterday Mike / in London / last year He / a lawyer / in future

 

Ø Ask ALTERNATIVE – OR- questions:

Model: Is he afootball or volleyball player? – He is afootball fan.

 

she/ in Rome / Paris/ last week   the weather/ nice / cold/ tomorrow

we/ lawyers or procurators/ after finishing Institute you/ a football or tennis player/ in childhood

 

Ø Ask SPECIAL (Wh / H) questions:

Model: What is on TV? – A new film is on.

 

Who/ she What/ your parents Why/ he/ not at school/ yesterday

Why you/ so late Which film/ more interesting With whom/ your sister/ be at the party/ next month

THERE + BE and INDEFINITE PRONOUNS

SOME – ANY (somebody, anybody, nobody; something, anything, nothing)

MANY – MUCH: FEW – A FEW, LITTLE – A LITTLE

 

1. Fill in the Russian words in brackets with their English equivalents:

Are there (какие-либо) No, there aren’t (никаких) Yes, there are (несколько) Are there (много) Yes, there are (много) No, there are (мало) No, there are only (несколько)	students in the classroom? students in the classroom.
Is there (сколько-нибудь) No, there isn’t (никакого) Yes, there is (немного) Is there (много) Yes, there is (много) No, there is (мало) No, there is only (немного)	milk in the cup? milk in the cup.

2. Translate into English:

1) У тебя есть какие-нибудь родственники?

Нет, у меня нет родственников. Есть, но мало.

У моего мужа есть много родственников.

Но я знаю только нескольких.

Позвони любому из них.

2) У тебя есть сколько-нибудь свободного времени сегодня?

Нет, у меня совсем нет свободного времени.

Есть немного времени, но я опаздываю.

Сегодня у меня мало времени.

Завтра у меня будет много свободного времени.

Приходи ко мне в любое время.

3. To fill in the gaps choose from the C box:

Is there … Yes, there is… No, there isn’t … No, there is …	at home (?)	C box:   somebody, anybody, nobody;
Is there … Yes, there is… No, there isn’t … No, there is …	on the table(?)	something, anything, nothing;
Have you seen John … today? I can see him … I think John is … here. But I cann’t find him…		somewhere, anywhere, nowhere

POSSESSIVE CASE OF NOUNS

4. For possessive case of nouns (1-6) choose correct variants from (a-g):

1. This is the book (моей сестры). 2. This is (моей сестры) book. 3. These are (моих сестёр) books. 4. These are the books (моих сестёр). 5. These are the books (моих детей) 6. These are (моих детей) books.

my sisters’ my sister’s of my children of my sister of my sisters my children’ my children’s

TEXT 1. NORMS OF COMMUNICATION

VOCABULARY PRACTICE

1. Master the active vocabulary from the topic:

· How to introduce people – представить(ся)

Let me introduce myself. My name is … – позвольте представиться. Меня зовут …

I’d like to introduce my friend to you. – Я хочу представить Вам моего друга.

Unofficial: Hello! / Hi! I’m … And this is my friend… /meet my friend …

· How to greet people – приветствовать

Первое знакомство: How do you do? – Здравствуйте!

В ответ: How do you do? – Здравствуйте!

Glad / nice to meet you. – приятно познакомиться

Glad / nice / good to see you again – рад повидаться сновa

Good `morning! – Доброе утро!

Good `afternoon! – Добрый день!

Good `evening! – Добрый вечер!

Hello everybody! / Hi, guys! – Всем привет!

How are you doing? – Как дела?

· How to say Good-bye -попрощаться

Good bye! / Bye-bye! –До свидания!

See you (soon, later, tomorrow) –увидимся (скоро, позже, завтра)

Take care of yourself – береги себя.

Give my regards to … – передавай привет

 

· How to ask about somebody’s health and how to answer:

– How are you? – Как Вы себя чувствуете?

– Thank you, I’m fine / O.K. / all right / very well

– How’s your sister? – Как себя чувствует твоя сестра?

– Thank you, not so bad. / So-so, thanks.

 

· How to address somebody politely and how to answer:

- I’m sorry!/ Sorry!– извините – toapologize - выразить сожаление, попросить

прощения

- Excuse me, – извините -toattract somebody’s attention – привлечь внимание

– Help me, please. – пожалуйста – to ask for something – обратиться с просьбой

– Here you are (Am) or Here it is. Here they are. – пожалуйста -to hand a thing to somebody – вручить что-то кому-то

–Thank you very much. – Большое спасибо. – to be grateful – выразить благодарность

– You are welcome. (Am.) – Пожалуйста. – to accept thanks – принять благодарность

2. Match the Russian and the English equivalents:

1. Позвольте представиться. 2. Познакомьтесь с моим другом. 3. Здравствуйте. Рад с Вами познакомиться. 4. Здравствуй. Рад тебя видеть. 5. Как дела? 6. Как себя чувствуете? 7. Добро пожаловать! 8. До завтра.

a. Meet my friend. b. See you tomorrow. c. Hello! Glad to see you.   d. How do you do? Glad to meet you. e. How are you? f. How are you doing? g. Let me introduce myself. h. You are welcome.

3. Choose the right variant:

Say

“I’m sorry, …” “Excuse me, …” “Please, …” “Here you are” “You’re welcome”.

a. to attract attention b. to beg pardon c. to accept thanks for something d. to ask for something e. to hand a thing to somebody

4. Translate into English and act out the dialogue:

– Извините, could I have your pen for a moment, пожалуйста?

– Извините, but I’ve got only a pencil. Вот, пожалуйста.

– Большое спасибо.

– Пожалуйста.

5. Put the dialogues in order and act them out:

– Mr. Smit: Excuse me, Mr. Dick I’d like to introduce my friend to you.

– Mr. Lee: Nice to meet you, too, Mr Dick.

– Mr. Dick: How do you do, Mr. Lee. Glad to meet you. My name is Richard Dick.

– Mr. Lee: How do you do, Sir. My name is John Lee.

***

– Nick: Hello, John. Glad to see you again. How was it in London?

– Nick: Thanks, I’m well.

– John: Hi, Nick. It was cool! How are you?

– Nick: Oh, she’s not bad.

– John: Well, send my regards to her. See you soon.

– Nick: So long. Take care of yourself.

– John: How’s your sister?

READING PRACTICE

1. Learn how to address people correctly:

· In correspondence

– Start official and business letters with formal addressing:

Dear Mr Black, /Dear Mrs Bently/, Dear Professor Brown;

Dear Sir, / Dear Madam, (if you don’t know their surnames).

– Start informal letters with standard greetings:

Dear Ann, / Dear Nick.

 

· In public places

– Address strangers as:

Ladies and Gentlemen; Sir, Madam (Mam-Am.), Miss (to a young woman);

– The titles Mr, Mrs (Ms- Am) are used with the last (not first) names.

– Greet unknown people as:

Mrs Rollings and Mr Rollings (even if they introduced themselves as Elizabeth Rollings and Robert Rollings).

– To be polite, not to show familiarity call people by the name they introduce themselves:

(Elizabeth - not Liza and Robert - not Rob.

 

2. Match parts (1-5) and (a-e) to learn how to make good impressions at the first meeting:

1. Try to make good impressions at the first meeting. 2. Speak with a positive tone.   3. Smile friendly. 4. Look at people in the eyes. 5. Control your face and body language. 6. Say your full name clearly.

a. It will help people to remember your name. b. Your face and gestures should be expressive (but not too enthusiastic). c. Optimists attract people. d. Eye contact shows you are interested. e. Your smile will show that you meet people with pleasure. f. First impressions are difficult to change.

TEXT 2. A VISITING CARD

1. Master the active vocabulary:

Personal information:

date of birth [`bə:θ]: be born– родиться

place of birth: be born in = be from / come from – быть родом из

age: be 35 (years old/years of age); a 5 months baby, a 4 year-old child

citizenship [`sitiznʃip] – гражданство, citizen

native language [læŋgwidʒ] – родной язык

 

Adress:

number – номер

house – дом

flat (Br) = – квартира

city/town – город большой/ маленький

district – район

region[ridʒn] – область

country [k ۸ ntri]– страна

sign [sain] (v) – подписывать, signature [`signitʃə] (n) – подпись

2.Find the synonyms:

first name family name second name native country

Motherland patronymic name last name = surname given name = Christian name

3. Match the Russian and the English (1-10) words with their definitions (a-j):

полное имя фамилия имя отчество девичья фамилия фамилия в браке День Рождения граждане Pодина родной язык	1. birthday	a. family name (like the Browns)
2. second name	b. officially live in the country
3. last name	c. given at birth
4. first name	d. woman’s birth surname
5. citizens	e. the day of our birth
6. full name	f. the country where you were born
7. marriage name	g. the first and the last name.
8. native country	h. the father’s name.
9. native language	i. husband’s last name of a woman.
10.maiden name	j. your native country language

READING PRACTICE

Read and translate the text, pay special attention to the active vocabulary:

Let me introduce my friend to you. Her full name is Helena Andreevna Sokolova. Helena (Lena for short ) is her first name, Andreevna is her second (father’s) name, and Sokolova is her last name (family name / surname) and also her maiden name, because she is not married yet, she is single. Helen is 20 years old. She was born on the 1^st of May, nineteen ninety (May 1, 1990) in Minsk.

She is a citizen of Belarus. The Republic of Belarus is her native country and Belarusian is her native language. The Russian language is the second official language in Belarus.

My friend’s address is: house (number) 40, Apt. 50 (apartment), Pushkin St (street), Minsk, Belarus.

Her telephone number is: 2 53 87 04 (two-five-three-eight-seven-“o”-four).

Note: first name stands first in the full name, e.g. Poll Bredberry, Helena Sokolova.

COMPREHENTION PRACTICE

1. Answer the questions:

1. Who are you? Introduce (name) yourself, please. What’s your full name?

2. Spell your surname, please.

3. What is your first name in short?

4. How old are you?

5. When were you born?

6. What country are you from?

7. What city/ town are you from?

8. What is your native language?

9. What is your telephone number?

10. What is your address?

11. What will you be after you finish the Institute?

 

SPEECH PRACTICE

1. Work in pairs. Ask you partner about:

1. the native city / town he was born (What?)

2. his father’s full name (What?)

3. the date of his mother’s birth (When?)

4. his sister’s / brother’s age (How old?)

5. his hobby (What?)

2. Translate the text, put th verbs to be and to have in the correct tense forms:

TEXT 3. BRITISH SURNAMES

There are many English surnames of people, which (be) like the names of their job: Charles Baker, Margaret Thatcher; or like their size: Jack Long, Mary Little. Even today in England Welshmen often (have) the nickname “Taffy”, which (be) likethe name of the River Taff in Cardiff, the capital of Wales.

In the past, in Britain everybody in the clan (have) the same patronimic name. It (be) an old English family tradition to call a child “ son of his father ” like William Robinson (William, son of Robin).

Many old Irish surnames (have) the beginning: O' (which is“ from the family of); Fitz or Mac (which is“ son of ”). For example: O'Brien (son of Brien), Fitzgerald (son of Gerald) or

Mac Donald (son of Donald).

In Russian patronimic name Ivan Petrovich, the second name (be) for the father’s name.

British full names often (have) a middle name, like famous English writers’s names: George Gordon Byron and Arthur Conan Doyle.

 

Note: clan – клан (родовая община у шотландцев и ирландцев

patronimics – родовая фамилия

nickname – кличка

bake – выпекать

thatch – покрыть соломой

Answer the questions:

1. What kind of surnames of people are there in England?

2. What is the meaning of the nickname “Taffy”?

3. What was the old English family tradition?

4. What are the meanings of the beginning: O', Fitz or Mac in old Irish surnames?

5. What is your patronimic name?

6. Which British full names with a middle name do you know?

PRESENTATION

Speak on the topic: “My visiting Card.”

UNIT 2

FAMILY AND LAW

GRAMMAR FOCUS

Adjectives and Adverbs: Degrees of Comparison

Article: Indefinite, Definite

Active Voice Tenses: Present Simple / Present Continuous

Types of Questions: General, Alternative, Special

GRAMMAR PRACTICE

DEGREES OF COMPARISON

1. Give three degrees of comparison of the following adjectives:

1. tall, nice, big, large, young, late, early, sunny, funny;

2. interesting, wonderful, dangerous, difficult;

3. many / much, little, good / well, bad / badly, far

2. Translate the following:

1. Моя книга очень интересная.

2. Моя книга такая же интересная, как твоя.

3. Твоя книга не такая интересная, как моя.

4. Моя книга гораздо интереснее, чем твоя.

5. Моя книга самая интересная.

6. Чем больше я читаю, тем больше мне нравится моя книга.

7. Чем меньше мне нравится твоя книга, тем меньше мне хочется её прочитать.

ADVERB -наречие

 

Adjectives + ly

nice + ly = nicely bad + ly = badly systematic +al + ly = systematically beautiful + ly= beautifully happy à i+ly = happily

Nouns + ly

friend +ly = fiendly

1. Form adverbs from the following adjectives and nouns in writing:

regular quick cold warm positive negative

serious interesting intelligent definite usual funny

unexpected peaceful wonderful optimistic pessimistic logic

2. Choose the correct variant from part B to make up A part sentences:

A	B
1. My dog is very … 2. My dog eats very … 3. … my dog eats, the stronger it is. 4. My dog is … than yours. 5. My dog is … of all. 6. Your dog is not as … as mine. 7. My dog is … dog in the world.	a. well b. best c. the most good d. the best e. more good f. the better g. much / far better h. good
1. Sue is very... 2. Sue is … of all women. 3. Sue is... now than she was. 4. Sue dances very … 5. The …Sue dances, the more I love her.	a. much / far more beautiful b. the more beautifully c. much beautifuller d. most beautiful e. beautifully f. beautiful

3. Translate into English:

1) Элис – хорошая певица. Она поёт очень хорошо. Она поёт лучше, значительно лучше, чем Сьюзен. Элис – лучшая певица в классе. Она поёт лучше всех.

 

2) Боб – плохой танцор. Он танцует очень плохо. Он танцует хуже, гораздо хуже, чем Стив. Боб – самый плохой танцор в классе. Он танцует хуже всех.

 

3) Кэтрин и Тэд изучают английский. Тэд знает много английских слов. Он читает больше, чем Кэтрин. Он читает больше всех в классе. Кэтрин изучает английский меньше, чем Тэд. Кэтрин изучает английский меньше всех в классе.

4) Model:

хороший: лучше, чем; гораздо = намного лучше; самый лучший; слишком хороший.

dangerous, bad, funny, interesting, small, beautiful, big, tasty, nice, wonderful.

5) Чем больше, темлучше; чем труднее, тем интереснее; чем медленнее, тем менее опасно; чем менее негативный, тем более оптимистичный.

6) Чем больше мы знаем, тем больше мы забываем.

Чем больше мы забываем, тем меньше мы знаем.

Чем меньше мы знаем, тем меньше мы забываем.

Чем меньше мы забываем, тем больше мы знаем.

Чем больше мы знаем, тем больше нам нужны знания.

PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE

Ø Ask general (YES/ NO) questions:

Model: Are you listening to the melody? – Yes, I am. I am listening to music now.

– No, I am not. I am not listening to music.

1. sleep /you 2. read a book / Mike 3. still /play computer games /you

4. write a letter / your sister 5. watch a football match /they /right now 6. drink milk /your cat /at the moment

 

Ø Ask alternative – OR -questions:

Model: Is he watching football or volleyball? – He is watching football

 

1. drink tea or coffee / you 2. talk on the phone or sleep / she 3. live in Rome or in Paris /they /now

4. read an English or a French book /he 5. dance tango or twist/ they/ right now 6. play football or watch TV/Nick

 

Ø Ask SPECIAL (Wh /H) questions:

Model: What is she doing right now? – She is reading.

1. What song /you /sing 2. Why / he / still sleep 3. With whom /your sister/ talk

4. Why / you / have supper so late 5. Which film / your friend /watch on TV 6. How /you /feel now

 

3. Choose the correct adverbs of time:

1. It is raining (every day, right now).

2. It rains (at the moment, often) in autumn.

3. It is snowing (usually, all day long today).

4. Tom watches TV- news (right now, every evening).

5. Can I talk to Tom? – Sorry, he is watching football on TV. (at 6 o’clock, at the moment)

6. Tom is meeting with his friends at the stadium (on Sundays, at 6 o’clock tonight).

 

4. Match A and B parts. Ask and answer questions in English:

A. Чем ты занимаешься (your profession)? Чем ты занимаешься (right now)? Чем ты занимаешься (at present)? Чем ты занимаешься (tonight)?

B. – watch TV, read a book, talk on the phone – a lawyer, a procurator, a judge, a doctor – meet with my friends, visit my grandma – learn Chinese, do joga, play tennis

5. Open the brackets, remember about ACTION and NON-ACTION verbs:

1. People (have) different ideas about the family.

2. Some people (hope) to have a traditional family.

3. They (expect) to have babies after marriage.

4. Tom and Sue (love) each other very much.

5. At present they (have) a nice time in Paris.

6. They often (have) their vocations in France.

7. Right now Tom and Sue (have) breakfast in the hotel.

8. Tom (see) that Sue (smell and taste) the milk.

9. Sue (want) some fresh milk. It (seam) that the milk (smell and taste) fresh.

10. While Tom (look) through the newspaper, Sue (think) over her plans for tomorrow.

11. Sue (remember) that she (see) her doctor at 10 a.m. tomorrow.

12. She (expect) a baby.

13. In general Sue (feel) well, but today she (feel) not very well.

14. Tom (think) that Sue (want) to have twins.

15. Tom (expect) a girl and a boy.

6. Translate into English, remember about stative verbs:

1. Ты меня слышишь?

Что ты слушаешь?

Эта музыка звучит слишком громко.

 

2. Куда ты смотришь?

Я вижу твою сестру.

Она очень хорошо выглядит.

 

3. Как себя чувствует Катя?

Я чувствую, что Катя не здорова.

Катя чувствует себя гораздо лучше.

4. Почему ты пробуешь и нюхаешь это яблоко?

Я всегда пробую и нюхаю яблоки.

Тебе нравится этот вкус и запах?

Это яблоко сладкое на вкус и пахнет приятно.

 

 

TEXT 1. FAMILY RELATIONS

VOCABULARY PRACTICE

1. Master the active vocabulary from the topic:

Marital status – семейное положение:

be married – замужем/женат; marry – жениться, выйти замуж, marriage(n)

be divorced – разведен(а); divorce (n) – развoд

be single – одинокий(ая)

 

Family members:

spouses: wife–жена, husband – муж

birth parents – родные родители: mother = Mom/Mummy, father = Dad/Daddy

biological children – родные дети: daughter[dɔ:tə], son[ ۸ ], sister, brother[ ۸],twins–близнецы

adopted children – усыновлённые дети; adopt – усыновить, adoption(n)

stepparents – приёмные родители: stepfather /mother – мачеха

stepbrother /sister – сводные брат и сестра

grandparents: Grandpa – дедушка, Grandma/Granny – бабушка

relations – отношения, связь, relationships–взаимоотношения; relatives –родственники

uncle [ ۸ ] – дядя, aunt [a:] – тётя, cousins[k ۸ znz] – двоюродные

nephew[`nevju:] – племянник, niece[ni:s] – племянница

mother / father-in-law – тёща /свекровь; тесть/ свёкр

son /daughter-in-law–зять / невестка

teenager-подросток, adults – взрослые, elderly – пожилые

unite-объединять, united – единая, дружная; union – союз

be proud of – гордиться

take care of – заботиться о

discuss – обсуждать, discussion(n)

g a ther[æ] tog e ther[e] – собираться вместе

have (spend) a nice time – хорошо проводить время

far from / close to – далеко/близко

2. Match A and B parts:

A	B
1. современное общество 2. брачные отношения 3. полная семья 4. неполная семья 5. мать-одиночка 6. дружная семья 7. быть в кровном родстве 8. родные (биологические) родители 9. родные дети 10. приёмные (усыновлённые) дети 11. близкий друг 12. много общего	a. lone mother b. birth parents c. single-parent family d. biological children e. adopted children f. full family g. marriage relationships h. modern society i. close friend j. united family k. much in common l. be related by blood

3. Match Russian A & English B parts with their definitions C:

A	B	C
супруг(a)	1. stepmother/father	a. the mother of smb’s spouse
тёща, свекровь	2. cousins	b. smb’s husband (wife)
невестка	3. nephew	c. the brother of your mother or father
зять	4. niece	d. the sister of your mother or father
племянник	5. mother-in-law	e. children of your aunt or uncle
племянница	6. daughter-in-law	f. the husband of smb’s daughter
тётя	7. son-in-law	g. a new wife (husband) of smb’s parents
кузены	8. uncle	h. the son of smb’s brother or sister
дядя	9. aunt	i. the daughter of smb’s sister or brother
мачеха, отчим	10. spouses	j. the wife of smb’s son

4.Match the synonyms:

1. have a nice time 2. not far from 3. be a workaholic 4. like /love / be interested in smth very much 5. a united family 6. different opinions

a. a family with close friendly relations b. not the same point of view c. close to d. be fond of, be keen on, be crazy about e. spend time very well f. work too much

5. Complete the sentences with phrases from the box below:

1. Children born at the same time by one mother are …

2. A child up to one year old is a …

3. Children from 13 to 18 are …

4. People who are older than 18 (in some countries 21) are …

5. People who are older than 80 are …

6. If somebody works too much and spends too much time at work he is a …

7. If you live not far from your work, you work very … to your home.

8. Separation of life-partners for a lifetime is a …

9. If somebody is not married, he is …

 

divorce, single, twins, grown up people, baby, teenagers, elderly people, close to it, workaholic

READING PRACTICE

Read and translate the text, pay special attention to the active vocabulary:

Helena Sokolova is a first-year student. Her future profession will be a lawyer. She has many interesting hobbies. She likes reading, and she is fond of listening to music. She can play the piano very well and she also plays tennis.

Helena’s Mum and Dad are a happy couple. Her father is rather tall, thin and already grey-haired. Helen’s mother is a good-looking woman with long blond hair and big grey eyes. She looks very young for her age.

Helena’s parents have much in common – both of them are jurists. Helena’s father is a judge and mother is a lawyer. They are highly educated and broad-minded people, they read much and are interested in world news.

Helena respects her parents very much. She often helps them to do the work about the house. Right now, while they are watching the latest TV news, Helena is washing the dishes.

Helena’s brother is a teenager, five years younger thanhis sister. He is keen on break dancing and is absolutely crazy about computer games. Everybody can hear how he is listening to rap music in his room.

Helena’s elder sister Olga has the family of her own. She is an economist, but she isn’t working at present, because she takes care of her two-year old twins. Helena’s nephew and niece are as pretty as littleangels. The more they grow, the more Helena loves them. Olga is a model housewife - she keeps the house and is very good at cooking. Helena thinks that Olga is a workaholic, because she works too much. But Olga says that she is the happiest mother and the best wife in the world.

Olga’s husband Dennis is a dark-haired, broad-shouldered and strongly built young man with a good sense of humour. He is a good son-
in-law and a loving Daddy. At the moment Dennis with his little son and daughter are playing in the yard.

Helena also has a lot of relatives: grandparents, elderly people who live not far from their grand children, and also her uncle, aunt and cousins.

On big holidays their bigfamily gathers together, discusses family problems and have a nice time. Helen is proud of her united family.

COMPREHENTION PRACTICE

1. Do you agree or disagree? Correct the false statements using the expressions of:

opinion	agreement	disagreement
To my mind, In my opinion, From my point of view, As far as I remember/ know	I fully agree with you. You are quite right I'm of the same opinion. It's really so.	Sorry, I can’t agree with you I'm afraid, you are wrong. It's not quite so. Quite on the contrary.

 

1. Helena is a second-year student at the Belarusian Institute of Law.

2. She is single, not married.

3. Reading and playing computer games are Helena’s best hobbies.

4. Helena’s father spends a lot of time at work and has no time for reading newspapers.

5. Helena’s mother is a good-looking woman. She looks her age.

6. Helena’s mother is a housewife. She thinks that her husband’s job is more important.

7. Helena’s brother- in-law is a workaholic. He has no time to play with his children.

8. Helena’s brother is keen on dancing rap and crazy about playing the guitar.

9. Helena’s grandparents live close to the family.

10. Every week-end Helena’s relatives gather together and spend a nice time.

SPEECH PRACTICE

TEXT 2. MODERN FAMILIES

1. Translate the text, open the brackets:

Nowadays, people around the world (have) different ideas about the family. But many

people, mostly women, today still (dream) about a traditional family, in which both parents, a husband and a wife, (live) together with their biological children. In the old times, people (marry), (have) children and never (leave) their families, because divorce (be) unusual and expensive.

Unfortunately, in a modern society marriage (be) not as important as before. In many countries more than 50% of marriages (end) in divorce. Some modern women (prefer)their career tomarriage. As a result, 24% of British kids (live) in single parent families, as a rule with their lone mothers.

Only 26% of the Americans (think) that a family (be) a group of people
related by blood, marriage or adoption. 74% of Americans (think) that the family can (be) not only a child’s birth mother and father or adopted parents, but also stepparents and, of course, our close relatives: grandparents, aunts, uncles, cousins - nephews and nieces, or even beloved pets. They (believe), a real family (be) people, who (love) each other and (take) care of one another.

 

2. Answer the questions:

1. Do you agree that marriage relationships are not as important as before?

2. Do all Americans have the same opinion about a family? If not, prove it.

3. What do you think a family is?

4. What makes a couple really happy?

5. Why are single-parent families and lone mothers not unusual any more?

6. Will you prefer a career to marriage?

7. Are you ready to marry?

8. How many children will you have?

9. Do you think it’s easy for a woman to work and to be a wife and mother?

10. Do you believe that you can be a modal husband /father? Why do you think so?

11. Why must we take care of our grandparents?

 

WRITING PRACTICE

PRESENTATION

Speak on the topic: “Family and Law”.

UNIT 3

LEGAL CAREER PROSPECTS

 

GRAMMAR FOCUS

Active Voice Tenses:

Past Simple / Past Continuous

Future Simple / Future Continuous

If and When sentences

GRAMMAR PRACTICE

PAST SIMPLE AND CONTINUOUS

1. Give the three forms of the IRREGULAR VERBS:

put, cut, let, shut;

d àt: build, spend, send;

ea, ee [i:] à e [e]: meet, read, feed;

ought / aught [o:t]: Model: catch – caught – caught[ko:t]

 

think –думать search –искать

buy – покупать bring – приносить

catch - ловить teach – обучать

· ea, ee [i:] à [e] + t: feel, sleep, leave

· + t: smell, learn, burn

· say, pay, tell, sell, make, hear

· be, do, have, can, shall, will, may

· speak, break, choose, wake

· write, drive, ride

· give, eat, take, see, fall

· know, grow, blow, throw

· run, sing, swim, drink, begin

· come, become

 

2. Put the verbs in the brackets in the correct tense forms:

1. Where you (be) last Sunday? – I (not remember) where I (be).

2. What you (do) last Sunday? – I (not remember) what I (do).

3. What you (do) at 3 o’clock last Sunday? – I (not remember) what I (do).

4. …you (talk) to Andrew yesterday? – No, I (not).

5. Who you and Andrew (talk) about, when I (come) to you yesterday? – We (talk) about you.

6. You (watch) TVor (sleep) the whole evening yesterday? – I (think) I (watch TV).

7. …you (watch) a football match yesterday? – No, I (not).

8. …you (be) at the library last week? – Yes, I (be).

9. What you (do) when I (phone) you an hour ago? – I (listen) to some English songs.

IF and WHEN REVIEW

4. Speak about future:

1. When he (come)?

2. When he (come), I (tell) you.

3. As soon as mother (cook) dinner, we (eat).

4. They (not start dinner, until he (arrive) home.

5. At the moment she (eat) supper, but after she (finish) she (go) to bed.

6. …you (think) he (come) next week?

7. When I (see) her again? When you (see) her again, you (not recognize) her.

8. If I (need) help, I (ask) you.

 

5. What If…?

Model: If I don’t go out very much, I’ll do more work.

If I…

do more work, I’ll …

spend more time on studies

pass all my exams

get a diploma of a lawyer

find a job in a legal office

become a highly qualified lawyer

have a good salary

save a lot of money

What will you do, if you save a lot of money?

VOCABULARY PRACTICE

 

1. Study the active vocabulary from the text:

law – закон, право

rights – права

decide – решать, deci sion (n)

respons ible – ответственный, responsib ility (n)

employ – нанимать на работу, (un) employ ment – занятость / безработица,

employ er – наниматель, employ ee – работник, un employ ed – безработный

occup y – occup ation = profession – род занятий, профессия

job = employ ment, position – работа, рабочее место

require – требовать, require ment (n)

knowledge – знания

experience – опыт

skill = compet ence and technique – умение и мастерство

suit = be good for – подходить для ч-то, suit able (adj), suit ability (n)

satisf y – удовлетворять, (dis) satisf action (n)

pay – платить, pay ment – оплата = salary – оклад (за год) = wages – зарплата (за неделю)

chance = opportun ity = possib ility / possibilities – шанс, возможность / перспективы

characteristics = traits [`treits] = features [`fi:ʧəs] – характеристики, свойства, черты.

 

2. Learn the difference between “possibility and opportunity”:

opportunity – удобный случай, благоприятная возможность	I had no opportunity to thank him, as he was busy.
possibility(used with of or that) – шанс, возможность, вероятность	He has no possibility of his coming. У него нет возможности приехать.

 

3. Now choose possibility or opportunity to complete the sentences:

1. I think I’ll have no … of seeing him, because I’ll be busy.

2. There is a … that I will see him, because his Boss gives him

the … to come to our city on business.

4. Match A and B parts:

A	B
1. occupation 2. profession 3. employment opportunities 4. suitability for a profession 5. job prospects 6. job satisfaction 7. social importance 8. calling for	a. профессия b. широкая сфера занятости c. перспективы карьерного роста d. социальная значимость e. удовлетворение от работы f. профессиональное соответствие g. возможности в трудоустройстве h. призвание

5. Match words (1-5) with their defenitions (a-e):

1. be patriots	a. to stay calm facing difficulties
2. be patient	b. to respect different nations, races and religions
3. be tolerant	c. to serve your country and its people
4. possibility	d. a good chance given to you by smb / smth
5. opportunity	e. you personally have or don’t have chance to do

6. Find the synonyms:

1. important 2. opportunities 3. take into consideration

a. pay attention to b. significant c. possibilities

READING PRACTICE

Read and translate the text, pay special attention to the active vocabulary:

After finishing school millions of young people face a very responsible and difficult problem – choosing a future occupation. There are more than 2,000 professions in the world. To choose the right one is not a simple thing. Many factors should be taken into consideration.

As for me, job satisfaction is the key factor. You will never be disappointed in your job, if you love it.

Employment opportunities can give better chances to find a job.

Job prospects can open the way for career growth.

Social importance of legal professionsis very significant in the law-governed statethat we are creating in our country.

To my mind, payment also is very important. I want to be sure that my profession will give enough money for the level of life my family would like to have.

No doubt, suitability for a profession is of special importance. The requirements to specialists in the sphere of law include:

· professional competence: knowledge, skills and experience;

· high individual characteristics and traits of character: (they must be highly educated, have analytic mind and good memory; be honest, sociable, tactful, patient and tolerant; have a lot of enthusiasm to serve the country and its people).

The duty of specialists in legal professionsis to protect the rights of citizens, organizations and the state. A judge and a lawyer must not only to punish people for different crimes, but to help them to find the right road in their life.

So, to become a good specialist in the legal professionis a great art, which requires a real calling for it.

COMPREHENTION PRACTICE

1. Agree or disagree:

1. To become a good specialist in the legal professionis a great art.

2. To be useful for the society is our duty.

3. Job satisfaction is not so significant if the salary is big.

4. Professional knowledge is more important than individual characteristics.

5. The appearance of beautiful people opens the way for growth in any career.

6. Extraverts and optimists professionally are more successful than introverts and pessimists.

 

2. Answer the questions:

1. Was it easy for you to choose your future occupation?

2. Who helped you to make your choice?

3. Is it your family tradition to work in the sphere of law?

4. Are legal professions prestigious and popular in Belarus?

5. What are the requirements to specialists in the sphere of law?

6. What is professional competence?

7. Are features of the appearance significant for a lawyer to be professionally successful?

8. Do you have a real calling for the future profession you have chosen?

 

3. Complete the sentences:

1. After finishing school millions of young people face…

2. In choosing a future occupation job satisfaction is the key factor, because…

3. Employment opportunities may give better chances to…

4. Job prospects open the way for…

5. Social importance of future profession is important, because…

6. Suitability for a legal profession requires such personal characteristics as…

7. Traits of character suitable for a legal profession include…

8. The duty of specialists in legal professionsis…

9. Speaking about payment for my professional work, I can say that…

SPEECH PRACTICE

 

PRESENTATION

Speak on the topic: “Choosing a legal career”.

 

TEXT 2. THE BELARUSIAN INSTITUTE OF LAW

VOCABULARY PRACTICE

1. Study the active vocabulary from the topic:

еstablish – основать, еstablishment (n) = institution – заведение

tuition – обучение

institute branches – филиалы

department – кафедра, отделение

staff – штат, состав

science – наука, scientific (adj), scientist (n)

advanced – передовые

up-to-date = modern – современные

equip – оборудовать, equipment(n)

requirement = need = demand – требование

contribute to = make contribution(n) to – делать вклад в

graduate from (higher institution) – закончить, graduates(n) – выпускники

postgraduate studies – аспирантура, postgraduates – аспиранты

 

2. Match the English words and their Russian equivalents:

1. higher educational institutions 2. law-governed state 3. celebrate anniversary 4. Scientific Research Center 5. teaching staff 6. audio-visual equipment 7. advanced method 8. up-to-date technology 9. be at one’s disposal

a. штат преподавателей b. научно-исследовательский центр c. высшее учебное заведение d. передовые методы e. современная технология f. аудиовизуальное оборудование g. праздновать годовщину h. быть в распоряжении i. правовое государство

 

3. Use the synonyms in the box for the underlined parts andof the sentences:

1. The Belarusian Institute of Law is a private institution.

2. It was founded in 1991.

3. The first 75 students finished the Institute in 1994.

4. The Institute has two (филиала) in Mogilev and Grodno.

5. In Grodno there are about 500 full time students and about 500 of (заочников).

6. Highly qualified teaching (штат) uses modern technologies.

7. A big library and audio-visual (оборудование) are at the students’ disposal.

branches, up-to-date, commercial, established, full-time, equipment, stuff, correspondent students

4. Match A part with their definitions:

1. state educational institutions 2. non-state educational institutions 3. full time students 4. correspondent students 5. postgraduates 6. graduates

a. take payment for teaching b. tuition is free of charge c. two times a year have classes and take exams d. study at the institute every day e. students who finish the institute f. students who continue studies after finishing university

5. Learn the differences between ‘need, require and demand,’ complete the sentences:

 

need (n), to need	you want smth = you need it
requirement (n) to require	instructions or rules
demand(n) to demand	insist on something = demand it

 

1. We … to know the traffic rules to be safe while driving the car.

2. It is a … not to cross the street on the Red light.

3. It is a … to bring the books back at the end of the year.

4. The librarians … that the students do it on time.

5. He insists on my coming. He says, it’s not a request, but a ….

6. To use Skype you … a computer.

7. To go to school is a … for all children.

 

READING PRACTICE

Read and translate the text, pay special attention to the active vocabulary:

 

According to the Constitution, all sitizents of Belarus have the right to education and equal opportunities to continue studies. Today, the system of higher education in Belarus includes: 38 state higher educational institutions and also non-state Institutes of higher education, where tuition is not free of charge.

The Belarusian institute of law is one of the oldest private institutions of higher education in Belarus. It was established in 1990 and in 2015 it celebrated its 25^th anniversary.

For over 25 years more than 17.000 students have been taught at Minsk school and its

2 branches in Grodno and Mogilev.The Institute has 3 faculties:

· Law faculty, which prepares future lawyers and political scientists;

· International Law and Legal Psychology faculty, which trains psychologists and international lawyers with knowledge of 2 foreign languages; and

· Economics and Law faculty, where economists, managers and accountants are taught.

There are full-time and distance forms of tuition.

The teaching staf