Прочтите стихотворение «MyDream» Джилиана Брауна и ответьте на вопрос «Какая у автора мечта?»

I love all kinds of animals,

Dogs and cats and rabbits.

I love all kinds of animals,

Despite their little habits.

If I had tons of money,

D’you know what I should do?

I`d buy lots of animals

And have my own little zoo.

But they wouldn’t be in cages,

They’d be full of sun around.

And there`s one thing they would feel,

And that is safe and sound.

 

Прочтите стихотворение Уильяма Вордсворда и догадайтесь, как оно называется: “Written in January», «Written in February», or «Written in March”:

The cock is crowing,

The stream is flowing,

The cattle are grazing,

Their heads never raising,

The ploughboy is whooping- anon-anon.

Small clouds are sailing,

Blue sky prevailing,

The rain is over and gone.

UNIT 2. FOOD PROCESSING AND NATIONAL CUISINES

 

I. Reading and Speaking Practice Section

1. Guess the meaning of the following international words:

technique, transform, typically, archeological, industrial, national, tradition, combination, civilization, modern, practice, preference, ethnic, ethic, recipe.

 

2.Match the English terms with their Russian equivalents:

market приготовление (готовка)

substance белки

nutritional support брожение (сквашивание)

essential вещество

carbohydrates переработка продуктов питания

fats пищевая промышленность

proteins рецепт

supply жиры

food industry значительный (ценный)

fermentation снабжать

food preservation поддержка питательными веществами

food processing углеводы

recipe сохранение продуктов

cooking рынок

date back относиться

3. Discuss in small (working) groups the following (see Appendix 1on p.107):

- name types of foods you can remember;

- groups of foods we can distinguish;

- how a human being can obtain his food (hunting, planting, fishing, etc.);

- what you know about food processing (e.g. meat trimming, bread making, milk boiling, etc).

Text A

Basics of food processing

Read the text to find out what food processing looks like. Complete the diagram:

1. Food processing is the set of methods and techniques used to transform raw ingredients into food or to transform food into other forms for consumption by the people either in the home or by the food processing industry. Food processing typically takes clean, harvested crops or butchered animal products and uses them to produce attractive, marketable and often long shelf-life food products.

2. Food processing dates back to the prehistoric ages when crude processing

incorporated slaughtering, fermenting, sun drying, preserving with salt, and various types of cooking (such as roasting, smoking, steaming, and oven baking).

3. Food preservation is as old as human civilization.Preservation of foods inhibits spoilage cause by bacterial growth, oxidation, insects or desiccation. Salt-preservation was especially common for foods that constituted warriors and sailors' diets, until the introduction of canning methods.

4. Evidence for the existence of these methods can be found in the writings of the ancient Greek, Chaldean, Egyptian and Roman civilizations as well as archaeological evidence from Europe, North and South America and Asia. Thus, food processing is probably one of the oldest avocations man has been involved with from the time immemorial.Almost all these tried and tested processing techniques remained essentially the same until the advent of the industrial revolution.

Modern food processing technology in the 19^th - 21st centuries was largely developed to serve the public food market needs. There are several different ways or, to more correct, steps in which food can be produced.

5. Food is any substance or materials eaten or drunk to provide nutritional support for the body, or for pleasure.It is usually of plant or animal originthat contains essentialnutrients, such as carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, or minerals.

While many foods can be eaten raw,they undergo some form of preparation for reasons of safety, palatability, texture or flavour. At the starting point of preparation this may involve sorting, washing, cutting, trimming or adding other foods, or even ingredients such as spices. Further on, when being cooked as a would-be meal it may also involve rinsing, heating (boiling) or cooling, frying, mixing, fermentation or combination with other food. In a home most food preparation and cooking take place in a kitchen. Some meal preparation is done to enhance the taste or aesthetic appeal; some other preparation may help to preserve the food. Finally, a meal is made up of food which meets to be eaten at a specific time and place.

6. Many cultures have a recognizable cuisine, i.e. a nationally specific set of cooking manners and traditions using distinguishing additives, or combinations of flavors unique to that culture. Other differences may include keeping to preferences (hot or cold, sweet and sour, spicy meals, etc.), and practicesthe study of which is known as gastronomy. Some popular types of ethnic foods may include European (Italian, French, Nordic, etc.), or Asian (Japanese, Chinese, Thai, Indonesian, etc.), or Arabic food.

Besides, certain peoples have national food taboos, i.e. foods which are usually not eaten because of religious or ethic laws. Many tribes in Africa and America do not eat pork, Hindus do not eat beef or veal. As for the Chinese, by tradition they have not been milk-drinkers, and their recipes for cooking have remained unchanged for thousands of years. Chinese eat soybeans, poultry and fish, pickles and drink green (oolong) tea. And they don't like coffee and cocoa, cream and butter. They serve tea at the beginning of a meal where as Englishmen end their meal with black coffee. Thus, tastes in food differ, and one must respect local traditions in food and style of cooking.

( http://foodprocessinghistory.blogspot.com.ar/2011

/development-of-food-preservation.html)