Употребление союзов if и whether

1.1 Союз if (= если) вводит придаточное условное предложение:

If you don't speak any English at all, you can't get this job (работа).

1.2 Союз if (= ли) вводит косвенные вопросы:

Ask the guide if there are other places of interest nearby.

 

2.1 Союз whether (= ли) вводит косвенные вопросы. В этой функции он употребляется чаще чем союз if и является более формальным.

He would like to know whether there are other places of interest nearby.

Если после союза следует инфинитив глагола и/или противопоставление с or (да или нет), то употребляется только союз whether:

I don’t know whether to laughorcry.

 

 

Exercise 8. Translate into Russian and retell the following text:

Jack had enough money to buy what he needed. And he needed a new jacket. He chose a jacket which he liked and tried it on in the changing room. But he found that the jacket didn’t fit. It was too big for him. Fortunately the shop assistant brought the same model one size smaller. It fitted Jack perfectly. Then he bought a pink tie and a hat. It was the latest fashion. Jack looked like a million dollars in his new clothes. Clothes make the man.

Jill bought a new skirt, a pullover and two pairs of socks. The skirt was expensive, but the socks were cheap.

 

 

Exercise 9. Fill in if or whether:

1. What will you do … you have much money? 2. Even (даже) … you have much money, you can’t buy happiness (счастье). 3. I don’t know … it’s true or not. 4. I have a problem. I’m not sure … you can help. 5. I’m not sure … I’ll have time. 6. I doubt … today is a Friday or a Saturday. 7. I doubt … to say it or not. 8. … you doubt about what a word means, look it up in a dictionary.

30-1

 

A TRIP TO THE MOON

 

Helen: Hello, everybody! Welcome to Playtime. It’s program number 30 today – Let’s go to the Moon.

It’s nine o’clock. We’ve just had breakfast. Hey! What’s going on here? Oh dear! The cup is broken. Who did this? Who broke the cup? Did you see anybody? I know it was Mister Nobody. Listen.

I know a funny little man

As quiet as a mouse.

He does the mischief that is done
In everybody’s house!
Though no one ever sees his face,

Yet all and one agree

That every cup we break was cracked

By Mr. Nobody.

Jack: Hold the glue, please.

Jill: Can you mend the cup?

Jack: Yes. Here you are. It’s finished.

Jill: You’re a genius! By the way, what would you like to be when you growup?

Jack: I’d like to be a pilot or an astronaut. I want to fly like a bird.

Helen: Jack would like to be an astronaut or a pilot when he’s grown up. Listen to what Jill would like to be when she is grown up.

Jill: I’d like to be a nurse or a doctor. I want to work in a children’s hospital.

Helen: Jill would like to be a nurse or a doctor. And I think Pooh is going to be a computer expert one day. Oh, what a noise!

Jack: Look, Jill, a rocket!

Jill: A rocket? Where?

Jack: There! I can see it. It’s going to land in our garden. Come along, Jill! Let’s go to the Moon.

 

 

Words:

trip – поездка, путешествие; moon – луна; what’s going on here? – что тут происходит?; break (broke – broken) – сломать,разбить: the cup is broken – чашка разбита; mischief – озор­ство, вред; though – хотя; yet – всё ещё, уже, однако; all and one – все как один; agree – соглашаться; crack – сломать; grow up (grew up – grown up) – вырасти; pilot – пилот; astronaut [‘æstrənɔ:t] – астронавт; cosmonaut [‘kɒzmənɔ:t] – космонавт; nurse [‘nɜ:s] – няня, медсестра; computer expert [‘ekspɜ:t] – специалист по компьютерам; rocket [‘rɒkɪt] – ракета; land – приземляться; come along! – пойдём! поторопись!

30-2

Exercise 1. Answer the following questions:

1. What was Helen doing after breakfast? 2. What happened when she was doing the washing up? 3. Who is Mister Nobody and what is he doing in everybody’s house? 4. Have you ever seen Mister Nobody or heard anything about him? 5. Do you believe in ghosts or brownies? 6. Who mended the broken cup? 7. Why did Jill call Jack a genius? Is Jack so intelligent? 8. What would Jack like to be when he is grown up? 9. What would Jill like to be when she is grown up? 10. What did Helen, Jack and Jill see in their garden?
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(wash up, do the washing up, drop – уронить, break, a brownie – домовóй, do (/make) mischief, intelligent – умный, смышлёный)

 

 

Exercise 2. Translate into Russian:

1. What’s going on here? 2. Have you already had your breakfast (/dinner)?
3. Pooh: My computer is broken. Can you fix it? 4. Jack is always making mischief. 5. He is always ready for mischief. 6. By the way, what are you doing tonight? 7. By the way, where are you from? 8. What would Jack like to be when he is grown up? 9. Who would like to be a doctor some day? 10. I want to speak English like a native speaker. 11. Stop doing mischief otherwise I will punish you.

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otherwise – иначе; punish – наказать; ready (for) – готовый (к).

 

 

Exercise 3. Whether or if?

1. I didn’t know … to go to the party or not. 2. … you would like to be happy, be. 3. … it’s as good as you say, I’ll buy it. 4. I’m not sure … to buy it or not.
5. Even … we find the thief we can’t do anything.