A B o U t N o r th E r N I r E l AND

Mr OʼConrad has just arrived in Rostov-on-Don. A conversation took place at the airport between him and the Head of the Russian-British In- ternational Club.

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— Let me introduce myself. Iʼm Mr OʼConrad. Iʼm from the

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

— Many foreigners say “Eng- land”, “English”, when they mean “Britain” or the UK, or “British”. I am not English. I am an Irishman.

 

— you see, Northern Ireland includes six of nine counties of the historic province of Ulster thatʼs why we have a habit of naming it “Ulster”.

 

— No, I am not from Belfast.

I live in a small town and I always miss my green Ireland when I am away from home. Irish poets call my country the “Emerald Isle”.

— According to the legend the patron St Patrick chose the sham- rock to illustrate the Christian doctrine of the Trinity to the Irish.

— Добро пожаловать в россию. Моя фамилия — Петров.

Всегда приятно поговорить с англичанином.

— Извините. Вы из северной Ирландии, да? насколько я знаю, эта часть соединенного Королевства также называется ольстер. не могли бы вы рассказать почему?

— Если я не ошибаюсь, это самая маленькая часть

соединенного Королевства, но очень зеленая и красивая. Вы, наверное, из столицы, не так ли?

— Так красиво. А почему трилистник является национальной эмблемой северной Ирландии?

 

— Так интересно. Приходите на заседание нашего клуба завтра, чтобы рассказать

o своей стране. Это стоит послушать.

 

EXErCISE 35. Arrange role plays on the following subjects. Be as imagi- native as you can.

1. At the Tourist Agency in London.

2. you are from Scotland. you are invited to a meeting with Russian students. They are asking you questions about your country.

 

EXErCISE 36. Imagine the context in which you may use the following phrases. Dramatize the situations.

1. What a nice building!

2. What a nice thistle you are wearing on your jacket!

3. They call it “the Union Jack”.

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EXErCISE 37. talk on one of these topics. Can you keep talking for one minute?

1. Rivers in Great Britain.

2. The Surface of Great Britain.

3. The West End.

4. Scotland.

5. Wales.

 

EXErCISE 38. Discuss the following proverb together with your friend and say if you agree with it.

So many countries, so many customs.

 

EXErCISE 39. Enjoy Yourself!

a) отгадайте зашифрованные реки Великобритании.

1, 2, 3, 4, 5 — по горизонтали

1, 6, 7 — по вертикали

 

 

b) отгадайте слова по вертикали, в первой строке по горизонтали вы прочитаете название одной из составных частей Соединенного Королевства Великобритании и Северной ирландии.

1. The capital of Scotland

2. A town in Northern England

3. A big manufacturing town in Scotland

4. A region in southern and eastern England

5. One of the names of the patron saints

6. A part of Ireland which belongs to the UK

7. One of the national emblems of the UK

 

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c) отгадайте зашифрованные по горизонтали глаголы из текстов (можете посоревноваться с другом, кто сделает это быстрее).

tESt 4

1. Choose the proper words and fill in the blanks.

1. The UK... a territory of the British Isles.

A. comprises  В. separates с. surrounds D. flows

2. The UK is situated off the northwestern coast of Europe on the....

A. ocean        В. islands  с. tributaries D. cross

3. St Patrick, chose the.... to illustrate the Christian doctrine of the

Trinity to the Irish.

A. shamrock  В. thistle   с. daffodil  D. leek

4. comprise southern and eastern England.

A. Highlands В. coast    с. strait      D. Lowlands

5. Highlands include Scotland, Wales, the Pennines, the Lake Dis- trict, and the southern of Britain.

A. island       В. coast    с. Lowlands D. peninsula

6. Many swift rivers in Scotland have their....

A. islands   В. tributaries с. strait      D. peninsula

7. The... red cross against a white background is of the patron   St George.

A. diagonal    В. upright с. English   D. total

8. The Welsh people have the... of speaking their mother tongue.

A. background  В. habit      с. protection D. patron

9. The UK doesnʼt.... upon other countries.

A. succeed     В. remain  с. depend   D. manufacture

10. The industrial.... is more developed in South Wales.

A. manufacturing  В. habit  с. coast      D. surface

 

143

2. Choose the proper form: gerund, gerund + preposition, preposition + gerund and fill in the blanks.

1. the surface of the country is of great importance.

A. by mentioning     В. mentioning

с. on mentioning     D. after mentioning

2. Highland Britain is worth....

A. of seeing             В. seeing с. in seeing D. on seeing

3. The UK continues.... commerce.

A. with succeeding   В. succeeding with с. in succeeding      D. succeeding in

4. The UK succeeds.... one of the important commercial centres of the

world.

A. remaining           В. in remaining с. on remaining D. remaining in

5. The English people started... their national flag “the Union Jack”

long ago.

A. naming  В. with naming с. on naming D. in naming

6. The country people went.... their mother tongue.

A. on speaking В. with speaking с. of speaking D. by speaking

7. The Welsh people have the habit... their mother tongue.

A. in speaking В. on speaking с. speaking  D. of speaking

8. the thistle as the national emblem of Scotland, Scotsmen began to

wear it on their jackets.

A. without choosing В. choosing

с. in choosing         D. on choosing

9. One canʼt describe the surface of the country... lakes and rivers.

A. with mentioning  В. without mentioning с. on mentioning D. in mentioning

10. Many people like the idea... Scotland.

A. of visiting В. in visiting  с. on visiting D. by visiting

3. the text contains different mistakes: 4 — spelling, 3 — in grammar. Correct the mistakes and rewrite the text.

One cannot describe the UK without mention Wales, a highland country. Some people like visit Snowdonia, a park in the region of high mountains. The population of Wales is about 3 milion people. Cardiff, the

144

kapital and the largest city of Wales, is situate near the river Taff. Since ancient times the Welsh have been fond of singing. Nowdays the standart of singing is very high.

4. Answer these multiple-choice questions about london.

1. Where is London situated?

A. On the right bank of the Thames.

В. On the left high bank of the Thames. с. On both banks of the river Thames.

2. How many people does London comprise?

A. 8 million people. В. 7 million people. с. 6 million people.

3. How many parts can London be divided into?

A. 4 parts. В. 2 parts. с. 3 parts.

4. Where is Westminster Abbey situated?

A. In the City.

В. In the East End.

с. In the workers' region.

5. How is the City often called?

A. The goods of London. В. The hands of London. с. The money of London.

6. Where do Londoners like to spend their free time?

A. In numerous banks. В. In the shops.

с. In the green parks.

7. What is the heart of London?

A. Westminster Abbey. В. The Tower.

с. The City.

UNIt 5

Theme:     The United States of America

Texts:       1. The United States of America

2. Washington, D.C.

Dialogues: 1. About the Climate of the USA

2. About the Names of the States

Grammar

Structures: Participle I, II (Причастие I, II)

  Test 5                                                                                          

EXErCISE 1. a) read, translate and study the use of the new words to read and discuss the texts and dialogues:

1) to cover. It covers a large territory in the central and southern parts of North America;

2) a valley. The dry valley is between the mountain chains;

3) to connect. The lakes are connected by natural channels;

4) rapids. The channels are cut by rapids;

5) common. Spanish is the second most common language in the USA;

6) to set, to set aside. The federal government set aside a piece of land for the District of Columbia;

7) a seal, the Great Seal. One of the USA national symbols is the Great Seal;

8) to represent. The stripes on the American flag represent 13 original states;

9) olive branch and arrows. An eagle is holding an olive branch and arrows;

10) a desire. I have a desire to live in peace;

11) an ability. He has an ability to make model aeroplanes;

12) a war, to wage a war. This country has an ability to wage wars;

13) the Eye of Providence. The Eye of Providence represents God on the Great Seal;

14) an honour. The capital of the USA was named in G. Washingtonʼs honour;

15) to abbreviate, an abbreviation. D.C. is an abbreviation for District of Columbia;

 

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16) to mix up with. The state Washington should not be mixed up with the capital Washington, D.C.;

17) to deal with. New Orleans deals with cotton;

18) wheat, cattle. Chicago deals with wheat and cattle;

19) to go sightseeing. If you go sightseeing, you will see many interest- ing places;

20) carefully. Washington, D.C. is the first carefully planned capital in the world;

21) a reason. I do understand the reason of it;

22) a desert, semidesert. It is very hot there because of the desert and semidesert;

23) similar, to be similar. Weather patterns in southeast are similar to northwest, but warmer;

24) a bachelor ʼs degree. He graduated from the college with a bachelorʼs degree in Geography;

25) an oven. “California” is the Spanish name which means “heat of the oven”.

26) a tribe. The name “Alabama” came from a warlike tribe of Indians.

b) Watch out!

to mix up with
It is easy to mix him up with his brother. Don't mix up the state Washington with the capital Washington, D.C.

c) r e ad t he g e ogr a phic a l name s:

′

Atlantic Ocean [ǝt′læntɪk ′əʊʃǝn]       Атлантический oкеан Appalachians [ æpǝ′leɪtʃjǝnz] Аппалачи

′

Cordilleras [ kɒdɪ′ljeǝrǝz]                 Кордильеры

′

Californian Valley [ kælɪ′fɔ:njǝn        Калифорнийская долина

′væli]

Canada [′kænǝdǝ]                            Канада

Chicago [ʃɪ′kɑ:ɡəʊ]                          г. Чикаго

Columbia [kǝ′lʌmbɪǝ]                      р. Колумбия

′

Colorado [ kǝlǝ′rɑ:dəʊ]                    р. Колорадо

Erie [′ɪǝri]                                      оз. Эри

Huron [′hju:ǝrǝn]                            оз. Гурон

Mexico [′meksɪkəʊ]                         Мексика

Michigan [′mɪʃɪɡǝn]                         оз. Мичиган

Mississippi [′mɪsɪ′sɪpi]                      р. Миссисипи

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Missouri [mı′zʊǝri]                              р. Миссури

New Orleans [′nju: ′ɔ:lɪǝnz]                   г. новый орлеан

New york [′nju: ′jɔ:k]                           г. нью-Йорк Niagara Falls [naɪ′æɡǝrǝ ′fɔ:lz]     ниагарский водопад Ohio [əʊ′haɪəʊ]                                   р. огайо

Ontario [ǝn′teǝrɪəʊ]                             оз. онтарио

Pacific Ocean [pǝ′sɪfɪk ′əʊʃǝn]               Тихий океан

Potomac [pǝ′təʊmæk]                          р. Потомак Rocky Mountains [′rɒki ′maʊntɪnz]  скалистые горы Sierra Nevada [sierǝ nɪ′vɑ:dǝ]              сиерра-невада

Superior [sju′pɪǝrɪǝ]                             оз. Верхнее

d) read the names of the states:

′

Alabama (Ala.) [ ælǝ′bæmǝ]                  Алабама

Alaska (Alas.) [ǝ′læskǝ]                        Аляска

′

Arizona (Ariz.) [ ærɪ′zəʊnǝ]                  Аризона

Arkansas (Ark.) [′ɑ:kǝnsɔ:]                    Арканзас

′

California (Cal.) [ kælɪ′fɔ:njǝ]               Калифорния

′

Colorado (Colo.) [ kɒlǝ′rɑ:dəʊ]             Колорадо Connecticut (Conn., Ct) [kǝ′netɪkǝt]  Коннектикут Delaware (Del.) [′delǝweǝ]                   Делавер

Florida (Fla.) [′flɒrıdǝ]                         Флорида

Georgia (Ga.) [′dӡɔ:dӡjǝ]                      Джорджия

Hawaii (Haw.) [hǝ′waɪɪ]                       Гавайи

Idaho (I., Id.) [′aɪdǝhəʊ]                      Айдахо

′

Illinois (Ill.) [ ɪlə′nɔɪ]                           Иллинойс

′

Indiana (In., Ind.) [ ɪndɪ′ænǝ]                Индиана

Iowa (Ia.) [′aɪəʊwǝ]                             Айова

Kansas (Kan.) [′kænzǝs]                       Канзас Kentucky (Ken., Ky.) [kǝn′tʌki] Кентукки Louisiana (La.) [lu:i:zɪ′ænǝ]                Луизиана

Maine (Me.) [meɪn]                              Мэн

′

′

Maryland (Md.) [′merɪlǝnd]                  Мэриленд Massachusetts (Mass.) [ mæsǝ′tʃu:sɪts] Массачусетс Michigan (Mich.) [′mɪʃɪɡǝn]                 Мичиган Minnesota (Minn., Ma.) [mɪnɪ′səʊtǝ] Миннесота Mississippi (Miss.) [ mɪsɪ′sɪpi]                Миссисипи

Missouri (Mo.) [mɪ′zʊǝrɪ]                     Миссури

Montana (Mont.) [mɒn′tɑ:nǝ]                Монтана Nebraska (Neb., Na.) [nɪ′bræskǝ] небраска

 

148

 

 

 

 

149

Nevada (Nev.) [nɪ'vædǝ]                        невада

New Hampshire (N. H.)                        нью-Хэмпшир ['nju: 'hæmpʃıǝ]

New Jersey                                          нью-Джерси

(N. J.) ['nju: 'dӡɜ:zi]

New Mexico (N. M.) ['nju: 'meksɪkəʊ]      нью-Мексико New york (N. y.) ['nju: 'jɔ:k] нью-Йорк

′

North Carolina (N. с.)                          северная Каролина ['nɔ:Ө kærǝ'1aɪnǝ]

North Dakota (N. D., Dak.)                   северная Дакота ['nɔ:Ө dǝ'kəʊtǝ]

′

Ohio (O.) [əʊ'haɪəʊ]                            огайо Oklahoma (Okla.) [ əʊklǝ'həʊmǝ] оклахома Oregon (Ore.) ['ɒrɪɡǝn]                                    орегон

′

Pennsylvania (Pa., Penn.)                     Пенсильвания [ pensɪl'veɪnjǝ]

Rhode Island (R. I.) ['rəʊd 'aɪlǝnd]        род-Айленд South Carolina (S. C.)     Южная Каролина [saʊӨ kærǝ'laɪnǝ]

South Dakota (S. D., Dak.)                  Южная Дакота [saʊӨ dǝ'kəʊtǝ]

′

Tennessee (Tenn.) [ tenǝ'si:]                  Теннесcи

Texas (Тех.) ['teksǝs]                            Техас

Utha (U.) ['ju:tǝ]                                  Юта

Vermont (Vt., Ver., Verm.) [və'mɒnt]    Вермонт Virginia (Va.) [vǝ'dӡɪnjǝ] Виргиния Washington (Wash., W.) ['wɒʃɪŋtǝn]                        Вашингтон

West Virginia (W. Va.) ['west vǝ'dӡɪnjǝ] Западная Виргиния Wisconsin (Wis., Wise.) [wɪs'kɒnsɪn] Висконсин Wyoming (Wyo.) [waı'əʊmɪŋ]              Вайоминг

District of Columbia (D.C.)                  округ Колумбия ['dɪstrɪkt ǝv kǝ'lʌmbɪǝ]

EXErCISE 2. a) read the words following the rules of reading. Pronounce correctly. Practise aloud:

[e] ext e nd, conn e ct, s e t, repres e nt, d e sert, s e midesert; [æ] n a tural, v a lley, r a pids, a rrow, c a ttle, b a chelor;

[ɑ:] l a rgest, p a rt, br a nch;

[ʌ] c ou ntry, s ou thern, c o ver, o ven; [ɔ:] res ou rces, w ar;

150

[ɒ] f o rest, c o mmon, o live, Pr o vidence, h o nour; [i:] ea st, s ea l, abbr e viate, d ea l, wh ea t, r ea son; [ɪ] swiftest, ability, mix, similar;

[eɪ] m ai n, pl ai n, w a ge, abbrevi a tion; [еǝ] a rea, c a refully;

[aɪ] describe, dr y, Eye, s igh tseeing, tribe; [аɪǝ] fir e, des ire.

b) look at the following pairs of words and think if the underlined letters are pronounced in the same way, or if they are pronounced differently:

ability — describe; f o rest — o ven; n a tion — n a tional; abbr e viate — ext e nd; d e sert — conn e ct; wh ea t — ea st; w a r — a rrow; desire — mix; res ou rces — f ou nd; c a pital — v a lley; b a chelor — a rea; c o ver — o ven; o l- ive — o ven; similar — swift; c a refully — a re; dr y — s y stem; d ea l — h ea d; g a s — br a nch.

EXErCISE 3. a) read the international words, mind the stress:

'

'

'territory, 'kilo metres, 'central, 'region, 'natural, 'channels, re'sources, 'mineral, gas, 'million, group, o'fficial, 'federal, 'President, 'symbol, 'na- tional, flag, 'symbolize, 'olive, 'pyramid, 'centre, fi'nance, 'cotton, 'in- dustry, ad'ministrative, ma'chine, 'process, plan, 'climate, infor'mation, dis'cuss, 'absolutely, 'zone, 'visit, 'tropical, conti'nental, ge'ography, 'leg- end, 'interesting.

b) find the English equivalents for the following words and arrange them in pairs:

For example: symbolize — символизировать

посещать (наносить визит), континентальный, география, об- суждать (дискутировать), каналы, зона, абсолютно, легенда, инте- ресный, тропический, естественный (натуральный), территория, центральный, регион, километры, промышленность (индустрия), пирамида, ресурсы, минерал, газ, миллион, официальный, флаг, оливковый, федеральный, президент, символ, национальный, группа, центр, финансы, хлопок (коттон), административный, ма- шина, процесс, планировать, климат, информация.

EXErCISE 4. a) translate, analyse the words with different suffixes and divide the following words into the three groups: nouns, adjectives and adverbs:

central, Atlantic, Pacific, region, natural, abundant, population, Mexican, German, Canadian, Italian, Cuban, official, language, national,

151

founder, federal, government, national, original, Providence, abbrevia- tion, wholly, indirectly, administrative, general, attention, famous, build- ing, beautiful, unusual, carefully, information, absolutely, different, cli- matic, changeable, tropical, continental, conversation, Indian.

b) Make up as many words as you can by combining different parts of the words:

in-	found	-er
un-	govern	-ment
	nation	-al
	direct	-ly
	usual	-ful
	care	-ent
	absolute
	differ

c) t he w or ds in c a pita ls a t t he end of e ach of the following sentences should be changed to form a word that fits suitably in the blank space.

1. They were the... of the nation FOUND.

2. The people are wholly or... involved in the administrative ma- chine DIRECT.

3. The capital of the USA is... planned CARE.

4. nationalities live in the USA DIFFER.

5. One of the US.... symbols is the Great Seal NATION.

d) read the following sentences and say what part of speech the words in italics are.

1. This museum was founded many years ago. 2. They were founders of this museum. 3. The foundation of this museum was long ago. 4. He founded this museum. 5. He was the only founder of the museum.

 

EXErCISE 5. a) try to match up adjectives in column A with the nouns in column В to form meaningful phrases:

A                           В

1) large                a) kilometres

2) similar             b) patterns

3) dry                  c) valley

4) natural             d) Isles

5) federal             e) territory

6) square              f) river

 

152

7) swift                g) language

8) administrative   h) machine

9) official             i) government

10) British              j) channel

b) Decide which of the verbs on the left collocate with the nouns on the right:

to cover...             the country

to include...          the lakes

to border...           a territory

to describe...         the region

to comprise...        the language

to connect...          the place

to speak...             the climate

to choose...           the area

to involve...          the population

 

EXErCISE 6. a) translate the following word combinations. Pay attention to the prepositions.

In the world, in area, from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean, in the east, without mentioning, can be divided into, between the moun- tain chains, through the country, are connected by channels, are cut by rapids, is rich in resources, vast areas of fertile soils, deposits of minerals, about 94 per cent, from British Isles, consists of, a piece of land, for the nationʼs capital, a federal system of government, with the President at the head, the national symbols of the USA, on the American flag, on the re- verse side, between the states, not far from the Atlantic Ocean, with this abbreviation, not to be mixed up with another Washington, on the Pacific Coast, a centre of finance, about three quarters of the population, about it, the reason of it, from the north to the south, because of the desert and semidesert, on the whole, between him and a Russian student, is covered with snow, a lot of Mexicans, heat of the oven, they came to the banks of the river.

b) fill in the gaps with the proper prepositions.

The Washington Monument, which is made... white marble (мрамор), can be seen... any part... the city. It stands... the hill... the White House. It is 500 feet high and... this level the whole panorama... the District... Columbia can be observed. This monument is nicknamed the “Pencil”, because the shape... this obelisk looks like a pencil.

153

EXErCISE 7. Divide the following words into three groups which describe

a) surface, b) population, c) national symbols:

people, foreign-born, a plain, rivers, lakes, a valley, an olive branch, an eagle, rapids, regions, arrows, to wage, to flow, mountain chains, trib- utaries, channels, a language, Spanish, emigrants, stars, stripes, to sym- bolize, a pyramid, Italians, British, a side.

EXErCISE 8. a) Decide which word is the odd one out in each of the fol- lowing groups of words:

1) a valley, rapids, tributaries, minerals;

2) hot, cool, changeable, warm;

3) Huron, Erie, Superior, Colorado;

4) Mexicans, Chinese, Germans, Canadians;

5) Colorado, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri.

b) find the names for the groups of words. fill in each of the spaces:

1) the plain, the mountain chains, rivers, lakes —...;

2) fertile soils, a water supply, forests, iron ore —...;

3) Mexicans, Germans, Canadians, Italians —...;

4) English, Spanish, Russian, Italian —...;

5) Ontario, Michigan, Superior, Huron —....

EXErCISE 9. a) translate the following definitions of the words.

1. A valley is an area of land lying between two lines of hills or moun- tains, often with a river running through.

2. Rapids are the parts of the river where the water moves very fast over rocks.

3. A seal is the official mark of a government, company etc, often made by pressing a pattern into wax or making an unremovable mark on papers which is fixed to certain formal and official writ- ings.

4. A war is armed fighting between nations.

5. A peace is a period in which there is no war between two or more nations.

b) the following words also appear in the texts and dialogues. Match each one with its correct definition:

a desire, an abbreviation, a tribe, an ability, cattle

1) a shortened form of a word;

2) a strong hope or wish;

154

3) the fact of having the skill, power or other qualities that are need- ed in order to do something;

4) cows and bulls, especially as kept on farms for meat or milk;

5) a social group made up of people of the same race, beliefs, cus- toms, language etc, living in a particular area often under the leadership of a chief.

 

EXErCISE 10. a) Study the use of the Participle I and Participle II.

1. Составная часть сказуемого

He is translating the text. (он переводит текст.)

He is writing a composition. (он пишет сочинение.) The text is translated by him. (Текст переводится им.)

The composition is written by him. (сочинение пишется им.)

2. Определение

The boy writing a composition is my student. (Мальчик, пишущий сочинение, — мой студент.)

The composition written by my student is nice. (сочинение, написанное моим студентом, замечательное.)

The written composition is nice. (написанное сочинение замечательное.)

3. Обстоятельство

(When, while) reading this book, I made some notes. (Читая эту книгу, я делал пометки.)

Being asked to answer the questions, I did it at once. (Когда меня попросили ответить на вопросы, я сделал это сразу же.) Having written a composition, he went to bed. (написав сочинение, он пошел спать.)

Having been formed, the council began to function. (Будучи сформированным, совет начал функционировать.)

When translated into Russian, this book was read by many stu- dents. (Когда эту книгу перевели на русский язык, она была прочитана многими студентами.)

Though not prepared very well, he could answer that ques- tion. (Хотя он был не очень хорошо подготовлен, он смог ответить на этот вопрос.)

If written well, the composition will be read to the students. (Если сочинение будет написано хорошо, оно будет прочитано студентам.)

 

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b) read the sentences, state the function of the Participle I and Partici- ple II, translate into russian.

1. They were spending their holidays in Moscow. 2. The money was spent on computer games. 3. They were choosing the books in the library the whole morning yesterday. 4. The books were chosen by them. 5. I like the singing birds. 6. I like the birds singing in the trees. 7. The spoken language was difficult to understand. 8. The article written by this jour- nalist was unusual. 9. While writing a composition, he was making some mistakes. 10. Having written a composition, he went out. 11. Being well prepared, he passed his exams successfully. 12. If studied, the English language will display many words of Latin origin. 13. Having opened the door, he went into the room. 14. Having introduced my new friends to my parents, I began to play computer games. 15. The written article was published in this journal. 16. Being cooked by my mother, the dinner was very nice. 17. Visiting the museum, he met her there. 18. The enlarged park became more beautiful. 19. Our city destroyed by the fascists was rapidly restored. 20. The new built theatre attracted a lot of people.

 

EXErCISE 11. transform the sentences according to the models to prac- tise the use of the Participle I and Participle II.

a) Model: When he was walking in the park, he met his friends. (When) Walking in the park, he met his friends. After they had visited the museum, they went home. Having visited the museum, they went home.

1. When he was in Washington, D.C., he visited the Lincoln Memo- rial. 2. While you are walking along the streets of Washington, you can find the “Eye Street”. 3. When you are finding your way around Wash- ington, you can use your logic. 4. After he had chosen the place for the capital, he began to plan it carefully. 5. After she had written a letter, she went to the post office.

b) Model: Though he was not prepared well, he could answer that ques- tion.

Though not prepared well, he could answer that question.

1. When the letter was written, it was sent to Moscow. 2. If you are invited to the party, you should come in time. 3. As he was asked, he brought his article. 4. Though he was invited, he did not come to the par- ty. 5. When the book was translated into the Russian language, it was read with great interest.

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EXErCISE 12. fill in the gaps to practise the use of the Participle I and Participle II (the verb is given in brackets at the end of each sentence).

1. The boy... a disc is my student (buy). 2. The distance... by him is very long (run). 3. The composition was... by the students (write). 4. The students were... a composition (write). 5. When... she brought some books (ask). 6. When... this book, he found a lot of interesting informa- tion (read). 7. He saw the... bird in the sky (fly). 8. from the university,

he began to work in this joint venture (graduate). 9. We were drinking tea

... by her (make). 10. My grandmother lives in a house  in 1990 (build).

 

EXErCISE 13. Make up sentences according to the models to practise the use of the Participle I and Participle II.

a) Model: Ветер, дующий с севера, был очень холодный. The wind blowing from the north was very cold.

1. Парламент, состоящий из двух палат, имеет реальную власть.

2. Кордильеры, включающие скалистые горы, находятся на западе.

3. реки, протекающие в горах, очень быстрые. 4. Естественные ка- налы, соединяющие озера, пересечены порогами. 5. на флаге сША тринадцать полос, представляющих тринадцать первоначальных штатов.

b) Model: Столица США Вашингтон, которая была названа (названная) в честь первого президента, была тщательно спланирована.

Washington, D.C., named in the first president ʼs honour, was carefully planned.

1. Английский язык всегда был главным языком, на котором говорили в сША. 2. озера, которые соединены естественными каналами, очень красивые. 3. Естественные каналы, пересекаемые порогами, соединяют озера. 4. Место, выбранное Дж. Вашингтоном для столицы сША, было между штатами Виргиния и Мэриленд.

5. Испанское слово «невада» обозначает «место, которое покрыто снегом».

 

EXErCISE 14. Analyse the use of the Participle I and Participle II in the following proverbs and sayings.

1. If you want a thing well done, do it yourself.

2. Easier said than done.

 

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3. Keep your mouth shut and your ears widely open.

4. Lost time is never found again.

5. Rome was not built in a day.

6. Long absent — soon forgotten.

 

EXErCISE 15. read the text, try to focus on its essential facts and choose the most suitable heading below for each paragraph.

1) The National Symbols; 2) The USA Territory; 3) The Natural Re- sources; 4) The Population; 5) The Surface of the Country; 6) 50 States with the President at the Head.