Translate the following sentences and define the infinitive constructions

1) Lightning was proved to be a discharge of electricity. 2) The reader is certain to know that alternating voltage can be increase and decreased. 3) Heat is known to be a form of energy. 4) We know the electrons to flow from the negative terminal of the battery to the positive one. 5) This scientist is said to have been working on the problem of splitting atoms. 6) I heard this instrument meet the industrial requirements. 7) The students saw the thermometer mercury fall to the fixed point. 8) Coal is considered to be a valuable fuel. 9) We know many articles to have already been written on that subject.

 

According to the models given below form sentences combining suitable parts of the sentence given in Columns 1,2,3,4

Model A: The current is known to consist of moving electrons.

1	2	3	4
Professor Rihman   Amber     Lomonosov   Electrical effects   The Fahrenheit scale	-was observed   -is known     -is said   -is known   -are known	-to have started   -to have been observed   -to have been killed   -to attract and to hold -to be used	-by man of 25 centuries ago, or so. -for Moscow on foot. -minute, light objects after rubbing. -in English-speaking countries. -by a stroke of lightning.

 

Model B: We know lightning to be a discharge of electricity.

1	2	3	4
We know	-Galileo -the charges -the electric current -alternating current -the Russian scientists -static electricity	-to be -to have invented -to flow -to produce -to have been -to have greatly contributed	-positive and negative -important effects -an air thermometer -first in one direction and then in another -to the science of electricity -the only electrical phenomenon observed by man.

 

Translate the following sentences using the infinitive

1) Чтобы быть хорошим инженером, необходимо много читать и учиться. 2) Пирометр используется для измерения температуры горячих металлов. 3) Человек научился расщеплять атомы для того, чтобы получить большое количество энергии. 4) Ученые пытаются решить проблему, связанную с новыми явлениями электричества. 5) Громоотвод – это металлическое приспособление для защиты зданий от молний. 6) Проводить опыты с атмосферным электричеством было очень опасно в то время. 7) Намагнитить предмет – это значит поместить его в поле магнита.

 

Make up questions and answer them. Work in pairs.

1) if electricity is a form of energy;

2) if there are two types of electricity;

3) if alternating voltage can be increased and decreased;

4) if Franklin made an important contribution to the science of electricity;

5) if Ampere determined the difference between the current and the static charges;

6) If the electric current can flow through liquids and through gases;

7) if the electrolytes change greatly when the current passes through them;

8) if a negatively charged electron will move to the positive end of the wire.

 

Explain why

1. static electricity cannot be used to light lamps, to boil water, to run electric trains and so on;

2. voltage is increased and decreased;

3. the UNIT of electric pressure is called the Volt;

4. students must learn English;

5. the flow of moving electrons is a form of the electric current;

6. Ampere was wrong as to the current direction;

7. the current is said to flow from the positive end of the wire to the negative end.

 

Define the meaning of the following words.

    battery, alternating current, direct current, static electricity, electric current, wire, laboratory, terminal, electron

 

The following statements are not true to fact. Correct them.

1) Electrons flow from the positively charged terminal of the battery to the negatively charged terminal. 2) Ampere supposed the current to flow from the negative pole to the positive. 3) Static electricity is used for practical purposes. 4) Static electricity is not very high in voltage and it is easy to control. 5) To show that the charges are unlike and opposite Franklin decided to call the charge on the rubber positive and that on the glass negative. 6) Galvani thought that electricity was generated because of the contact of the two dissimilar metals used. 7) Volta took great interest in atmospheric electricity and began to carry on similar experiments. 8) The direct current is known to flow first in one direction and then in the opposite one. 9) The direct current used for power and lighting purposes is assumed to go through 50 cycles a second.

 

Give headings to each paragraph of the text.