The Kazan Institute of Biology

The Kazan Institute of Biology was established in 1945 and in the beginning it consisted of 5 insti- tutes. In 1998 it was renamed as the Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics of the Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

The first Director of the Institute was an out- standing morphologist-evolutionist Nikolai Livanov. He was the Director of the Institute from 1945 to 1949.

A new era in the life of the Institute began when professor Igor Tarcevsky was made the Director of the

Institute in 1974. Yong researchers-biologists, physi- cists, chemists came to work at the Institute. The in- vestigations in the field of physical-chemical biology began to develop.

Now the Director of the institute is Aleksandr Grechkin. The main lines of investigations of the Ka- zan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics of Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences are:

o Signaling systems of plant cells and their role in adaptation and immunity

o Mechanisms of plant cell growth and differentiation

o Mechanisms of molecular dynamics and intermolecular in- teractions in protein functioning

o Intracellular inter- actions. Molecular mechanisms of neuromediation and chemoreception

o Mechanisms of transport processes in animal and plant cells

The institute is located in the center of Kazan on the Lobachevsky Street, 2/31.

 

21. Give the correct variant of the phrases ac- cording to this text.

a) The Kazan Institute was established in: 1. 19452. 19873. 2000

 

b) The first director was:

1.Aleksandr Grechkin2. Nikolai Livanov

3. Igor Tarchevsky

 

c) How many lines of investigation does the Ka- zan Institute have?

1. 82. 33. 5

 

d) The investigations in the field of physical- chemical biology began to develop from:

1. Igor Tarchevsky 2. Aleksandr Grechkin.

3. Nikolai Livanov

 

e) The Kazan Institute of Biology consisted of:

1. 9 institutes2. 3 institutes

3. 5 institutes.

 

22. Make your presentation about the biotechno- logical research center, institute or university you are interested in. Describe its location, infrastructure, aims and fields of research. Explain why you were in- terested especially in this institute.

23. Here is the next chapter of one scientist’s di- ary. Translate it into English using the words you’ve learned.

13.11.2015.

Две недели назад мы с группой сотрудников нашего института ездили заграницу в один из уни- верситетов, где проходит подготовка специалистов

в биотехнологической сфере. Это университет штата Те- хас в США. Хотя мы прове- ли короткий промежуток времени здесь, мы достаточ- но хорошо ознакомились с

их оборудованием. Оно великолепно. Все лабора- тории оснащены современным, многофункцио- нальным оборудованием, с помощью которого можно проводить широкий спектр исследований от простейшего диализа до газовой хроматогра- фии. Все студенты имеют доступ к нему и в про- цессе обучения узнают много новых методик про- ведения эксперимента. Кроме того, мы разговари- вали с преподавателями и студентами этого уни- верситета, делились своим опытом друг с другом.

После этой поездки остались очень приятные воспоминания. Надеюсь, что она была не послед- ней.

 

24. A personal letter. Put the parts of this letter in the correct order.

Anyway, I`ve got to go now. Loads of home- work (unfortunately!).

I`m sorry to hear you`ve had an argument with your best friend and that you`re not speaking at the moment. Yes, it has happened to me too, and it`s

awful, isn`t it?

Carol

Dear Sally, Write back soon!

Thanks for your letter. It was great to hear from you! Well done on passing your exams!

I think you need to ask yourself one question: what`s more important – that argument or your friendship? I remember when I asked myself that it all became clear. I realized my friendship with Chris was far more important. I called him imme- diately and told him. We became friends again im- mediately. Maybe you should do the same thing. Let me know what happens! Good luck!

23 Portland Street Manchester

MN3 6YL

24th September

Lots of love,

25. You can see the part of a letter from your

German pen-friend Claudia. Write her an answer. Remember the rules of letter writing.

26. Write an essay (a report) or give oral discus- sion on one of the topics:

1) Some Universities require all students to wear school uniforms. Other Universities (especially Rus- sian) permit students to decide what to wear. Which of these two school policies do you think is better?

2) If you could make one important change in you University, what change would you make?

3) All system of education has its pluses and mi- nuses. Compare some of them.

4) Modern methods and techniques of education. Do we have any progress since ancient times?

Unit 3

A place to live

Tell the things you like in your own city/town/village very much. Why do you like your liv- ing place?

Did your town grow naturally or was especially planned by architects?

Do you think if towns in the other countries dif- ferent or the same?

1. Read and translate the text.

How to plan a town?

By George Mikes

Britain, far from being a ‘decadent democracy’, is a Spartan country. This is mainly due to the British way of building towns, which dispenses with the rea- sonable comfort enjoyed by all other weak and ef- feminate peoples of the world.

On the Continent doctors, lawyers, booksellers

– just to mention a few examples – are sprinkled all over the city, so you can call on a good or at least ex- pensive doctor in any district. In England the idea is that it is the address that makes the man. Doctors in London are crowded in Harley Street, solicitors in Lincoln’s Inn Field, second-hand bookshops in Char- ring Cross Road, newspapers offices in Fleet Street, tailors in Saville Road, car-merchants in Great Port-

land Street, theatres around Piccadilly Cir- cus, cinemas in Leices- ter Square, etc.

Now I should like to give you a little practical advice on how to build an English town.

You must under- stand that an English town is a vast conspiracy to mis- lead foreigners. You have to use century-old little practices and tricks.

1. First of all, never build a street straight. The English love privacy and do not want to see one end of the street from the other end. Make sudden curves in the streets and build them S-shaped too; the letters L, T, V, W and O are also becoming increasingly popu- lar.

2. Never build the houses of the same street in a straight line. The British have always been a freedom- loving race and the ‘freedom to build a muddle’ is one of their most ancient civic rights.

3. Usually the peoples from the continent put even numbers on one side, odd number on the other, and you always know that small numbers start from the north to west. In England you have this system too; but you may start numbering your houses at one end, go up to a certain number on the same side, then continue on the other side, going back in the opposite direction.

You may leave out some numbers if you are su- perstitious; and you may continue numbering in a side street; you may also give the same number to two or three houses.

But this is far from the end. Many people refuse to have numbers altogether, and they choose names. It is very pleasant, for instance, to find a street with three hundred and fifty totally similar bungalows and look for ‘The Bungalow’. Or to arrive in a street where all the houses have a charming view of a hill and try to find ‘Hill View’. Or search for ‘Seven Oaks’ and find a house with three apple-trees.

4. Give a different name to the street whenever it bends; but if the curve is so sharp, that it really

better, lock them up in a safe in your bank, otherwise they may give people some indication about names of the streets.

I have been told that my above-described theory is all wrong and is only due to my General European conceit, because the English do not care for the opin- ion of foreigners. In every other country people just built streets and towns following their own common sense. England is the only country of the world where there is a Ministry of Town and Country Planning. That is the real reason for the muddle.

 

Vocabulary

makes two different streets, you may keep the same name. On the other hand, if, owing to neglect, a street has been built in a straight line it must be called by many different names (High Holborn, New Oxford Street, Oxford Street, Noting Hill Gate and so on).

5. As some cute foreigners would be able to learn their way about even under such circumstances, some further precautions are necessary. Call streets by various names: street, road, place, mews, crescent, avenue, rise, lane, way, grove, park, gardens, alley, arch, path, walk, broadway, promenade, gate, terrace, vale, view, hill, etc. (The English have almost sixty synonyms for ‘street’!).

bungalow circumstances crowd (v) curve direction distinctly district

due to

even number hide (v)

hill indication

mislead (v) muddle number (v) odd number opposite precautions refuse (v) sprinkle (v) straight vast

view

6. Street names should be painted clearly and distinctly on large boards. Then hide these boards carefully. Place them too high or too low, in shadow and darkness, upside down and inside out, or, even

2. Give Russian equivalents for the following words:

Street, road, place, mews, crescent, avenue, rise,

lane, way, grove, park, gardens, alley, arch, path, walk, broadway, promenade, gate, terrace, vale, view, hill; terraced houses/ row houses, cottage, bungalow, semi-detached house/ duplex, detached house, council house, block of flats/ apartment building, ranch house.

 

3. Give English equivalent to the following phrases.

Страна, далекая от «упадочной демократии», слабые и изнеженные нации, вызвать доктора, не- большой практический совет, вводить в заблужде- ние иностранцев, вековая практика, англичане обожают уединение, в форме буквы S, свободолю- бивая раса, гражданское право, противоположное направление, можно выпустить несколько номе- ров, люди отказываются нумеровать дома вообще, чарующий вид на холм, оставить то же название, дальнейшие предосторожности, запереть в сейф, англичан не волнует мнение иностранцев, причина путаницы.

 

4. Translate the following sentences paying at- tention to the words in italics.

1) Необходимо пронумеровать страницы, чтобы не было путаницы.

2) Джон ушел в неизвестном направлении.

3) Вы уже спрятались? Я иду искать!

4) Мы отказались переехать из квартиры в бунгало.

5) Указатель ввел туриста в заблуждение, и он потратил много времени, чтобы добраться до отеля.

6) Только благодаря счастливым обстоя- тельствам мы купили одноэтажный домик у мо- ря.

7) Если водитель видит крутой поворот, он должен выполнить ряд предосторожностей: сни- зить скорость и быть особенно внимательным.

8) Если вы пройдете прямо и поднимитесь на холм, вашему взору предстанет замечательный вид.

 

5. Think over the questions and give detailed an- swer.

1) What style does the text have? Is it humorous or scientific? Prove it with the quotations from the text.

2) Why does G. Mikes call Britain ‘the Spartan country’?

3) What is the difference between Continental doctors, lawyers, booksellers etc. and people of the same profession in Britain? What is their main princi- ple in England?

4) The author recommends building a street straight, doesn’t he? Why?

5) How do the peoples from the continent place the numbers of houses on the street? Do the English do the same?

6) What does G. Mikes recommend you to do with the name of the street of your planning house?

7) And, at last, how is it recommended to show the board with the name of the street?

8) According to the author’s opinion, what fact proves his theory about British towns?

 

6. According to the story by George Mikes what can you say about homes in Britain? Retell the gist of this story and enlarge it by speaking about homes in Russia.

7. Look at the various types of house below and match each with its correct description.

1) terraced houses BrE / row houses AmE

2) cottage

3) bungalow

4) semi-detached house BrE / duplex AmE

5) detached house

6) council house

7) block of flats BrE / apartment building AmE

8) ranch house

 

a) a house which is joined to another on one side only.

b) a house in a row of houses which are joined al- together.

c) a house built in one level, usually with a roof that does not slope much.

d) a house which stands alone and is not joined to any other.

e) a small house which is often on one level.

f) house which is rented from a local authority.

g) a small house in the country, usually with a garden.

h) a large building divided into separate parts.

 

Think over these types of houses. Which type do you think would be:

· the most expensive?

· the least expensive?

Semi-detached house

8. Work in groups. Plan your ideal town. Begin thinking with the geographical position, climate, age of your town; include the structure of government, population, industry, art and so on. Also you can draw a plan of your ideal town. And don`t forget that your town must have everything for biotechnologists` needs.

9. Remember Future tenses. Open the brackets and write the correct form of the verb meaning Fu- ture.

1) There's no point in running now. We (miss) the bus anyway.

2) Yes, I'll come out this evening. I

(not/work).

3) You can relax. The match(not/start) until four o'clock.

4) I(go) to the market this afternoon. Do you want anything?

5) Are you OK, Donna? You look like you

(faint).

6) You realize that the boss(not/like) this, don't you?

7) I(cook) dinner this evening - as usual.

8) She(look) for a new flat next year.

9) Don't worry. The shops(not close) until eight o'clock tonight.

 

10. Translate sentences paying attention to Fu- ture forms of verbs.

1) Завтра я поработаю в лаборатории. 2) Зав- тра в пять часов я буду читать фундаментальные исследования о протеине. 3) К первому сентября моя сестра будет здесь работать уже 10 лет. 4) Я переведу все статьи к десяти часам. 5) Когда ты придешь, я буду печатать текст. 6) Мы узнаем результаты через неделю. 7) Студенты обсудят этот вопрос, до того как вы придете. 8) К концу

этого месяца я буду жить в Санкт-Петербурге уже пять лет. 9) Я буду помнить этот день всю свою жизнь. 10) Поезд уже придет к тому време- ни, когда мы приедем на вокзал. 11) Завтра утром будет ярко светить солнце. 12) Ему потребуется полчаса, чтобы добраться сюда. 13) Он приедет снова в следующем году. 14) Она будет убирать квартиру, когда они придут. 15)К утру дождь уже кончится.

 

11. Game about future tense

There is a box in the center of the room. Students should make paper planes, ask questions in future tense (for example, will I be a pilot?). Then they fly these paper planes. If they strike into a box, the an- swer is YES.

 

12. Read this extract from a short story.

In the laboratory the voice clock sang, Tick-tock, eight o’clock, time to work, eight o’clock! as if it were afraid that nobody would. The laboratory lay empty. The clock ticked on, repeating and repeating its sounds into the empti-

ness. Eight-nine, elec- trophoresis time, seven- nine!

In the laboratory the some reagent stove gave a hissing sign and

ejected from its warm

interior eight tube of agarose, eight pipet, sixteen slice of analyzable substances, two buffer, and electropho- resis camera.

‘Today is August 4, 2026,’ said a second voice from the laboratory ceiling, ‘in the city of Allendale, California.’ It repeated the date three times for mem- ory’s sake. ‘Today is Mr. Featherstone’s birthday. To- day is conference about human cloning. Insurance in the laboratory is payable, as are the water, gas and light bills.’

Eight-one, tick-tock, nine-one o’clock, off to do experiment, off to work, run, run, nine-one! But no doors slammed. It was raining outside. The weather box on the front door sang quietly: ‘Rain, rain, go away; rubbers, raincoats for today…’ And the rain tapped on the empty laboratory, echoing.

Outside the university, the garage chimed and lifted its door to reveal the waiting car. After a long wait the door swung down again…

 

· What kind of gadgets does the laboratory have?

· Why do you think there is no one at labora- tory?

13. Discuss how you think the story continues. What happened to the Featherstone group? Use your imagination. Agree on:

1) at least two things will happen.

2) which characters you will introduce.

3) where there will be any dialogue.

4) how the story ends.

14. In groups, write a draft of the story. Check our use of verb forms, time conjunctions and prepo- sitions.

15. Write a neat version of your story and then read it out to the rest of the class. Vote on the most interesting story.

16. Translate the text from Russian into English.

Тихие островки, по- среди буйной жизни

Токио

Согласно опросу 1994г. 75% горожан- японцев предпочли бы

жить в деревне. Тихий квартал Синонамаси (Si- nonamasi) интересен маршрутом, которого вы не найдёте на туристических картах. Съехав с буль- вара, где на бешеной скорости несутся машины, попадаешь в другое пространство и время. Там с многоэтажками соседствуют богатые коттеджи в испанском стиле, а аристократические владения с фруктовыми садами упираются в прачечную- автомат. На стоянках, рядом с “Феррари”, припар- кованы велосипеды. Этот район – нечто среднее между Беверли Хилз и Калькуттой.

17. Topics for the discussion.

1) What is the difference between British and Russian towns? Which towns do you prefer and why?

2) The problems of megapolices and how to overcome them.

3) What kind of homes do the following people tend to chose: single people; young couples; old peo- ple? Why?

4) When people are looking for a house what are the most important things they need to consider? What kind of house would you choose for yourself?

Unit 4 Our nutrition

Do you like to eat in restaurants?

How often do you eat out? Is price a considera- tion when you go out?

Have you ever eaten in a restaurant alone? Did you enjoy it?

1. Read the text about different types of restaurants and trans- late it.

You are what you eat

All living things need food to sustain life. Plants can make their own food from

soil, water, and sunshine. Animals eat either other animals or plants. Human beings eat all kinds of dif- ferent foods from animal and plant sources, depending on what is available where they live and sometimes, too, on the restrictions of religious customs. Food supplies nutrients, the substances needed by the body for life and growth. They are proteins, fats, carbohy- drates, vitamins, minerals, and water. A healthy bal- anced diet must consist of all six. In prehistoric times people ate what they could find by hunting and gather-

ing wild plants. Later they learned to keep animals and grow cereals and vegetables. Settled communities then became established. The plants that were cultivated were the plants that grew naturally in any particular climate.

Nutrition is the process by which plants and ani- mals take in and use food. Food is needed to keep the body running smoothly. It provides energy for work and play, for breathing, and for the heart's beating. The building material for muscles, bones, and blood comes from food. You cannot have a healthy body without healthy eating and drinking. Not enough of some foods, or too much of others, can lead to illness. Experts on nutrition are called nutritionists. The food and drink you take in are called your diet. (This word is sometimes used in another way, to mean eating less food than normal in order to lose weight, as in "going on a diet".) A person's diet is so important because growth and health depend on it. Dieticians are people with knowledge of special diets (dietetics), such as those used for sick people in hospital. We should never forget that across the world 40 million people die each year from starvation and the diseases it brings. Fifteen million of them are babies and young children. For the millions more who suffer from mal- nutrition (not enough of the right foods), healthy eat- ing is out of the question. It is hard enough just to stay alive.

The body needs many different nutrients. These are various substances necessary to provide energy

and the materials for growth, body-building, and body maintenance. Every day millions of cells in the body die and must be replaced by new ones. Not all foods contain all nutrients. So it is not just the quantity of food eaten that is important, but also the variety. Peo- ple who have enough food available may still become ill because they are eating too much of one kind of food and not enough of another. To stay healthy, we need to eat a balanced diet. This means a diet contain- ing the right proportions of the main nutrients: carbo- hydrates, proteins, fats, fiber, minerals, vitamins, and fluids. Many foods are a mixture of these basic nutri- ents. A balanced diet also contains enough energy (in the form of food) to power the chemical reactions of living.

Some people worry that a vegetarian diet will be short of protein, but this is not the case. Plenty of pro- tein can be obtained from the great variety of nuts, seeds, pulses, cereals, and soy products (such as tofu) which are now widely available, and from eggs and milk products. It was once thought that plant proteins were inferior to animal proteins, being deficient in some amino acids. It is now known that a mixture of plant proteins complement one another. For example, a shortage of an amino acid in one plant food, such as pulses, is counterbalanced by an excess of that amino acid in a different plant food, such as a cereal. Protein combinations such as beans on toast, rice and lentils, bean stew with pot barley, oats and nuts (as in muesli), provide very high quality protein. All other nutrients

are present in adequate quantities in the lacto- vegetarian diet. If dairy products are not eaten, a sup- plement of vitamin В12 becomes essential. Many vegetarian foods are fortified with this vitamin (yeast extracts, some soy milks, some breakfast cereals, and so on). Vegetarians obtain iron from dried fruit, leafy green vegetables, wholemeal flour, pulses, oats, nuts, and brown rice. They obtain calcium from cheese, nuts, sesame seeds, leafy green vegetables, and soy. Vegetarians have been responsible for the invention of foods such as peanut butter; cornflakes, muesli, and high-protein vegetable foods made to taste like meat.

vitamins

 

2. Give Russian equivalents for the following words:

to sustain life, restriction, supply, nutrients, pro- teins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, consist of, cereals, nutrition, take in, to keep the body running smoothly, muscles, bones, blood, illness, starvation, substance, to provide, body maintenance, replace, fi- ber, minerals, vitamins, fluids, chemical reaction, infe- rior, deficient, mixture, complement, counterbalance, excess, supplement, essential.

 

 

 

amino acids available bone carbohydrates cereals

dairy products diet

diseases dried fruit fats

fiber fluids

maintenance malnutrition minerals nutrients

Vocabulary

nutrition oat proteins pulses responsible seeds shortage soil

source

soy products starvation substance complement (v)

keep the body running smoothly

sustain (v)

3. Translate the sentences into English using the words you learned.

1) Аминокислоты — органические соедине- ния, в молекуле которых одновременно содержат- ся карбоксильные и аминные группы.

2) В суточном рационе человека и животных преобладают углеводы.

3) Хлебные зерновые культуры выращивают на всех континентах нашей планеты.

4) Соя — один из богатейших белком расти- тельных продуктов питания.

5) Голодание — состояние организма, вызван- ное недостаточным поступлением веществ, необ- ходимых для поддержания гомеостаза.

6) Концентрация витаминов в тканях и суточ- ная потребность в них невелики, но при недоста- точном поступлении витаминов в организм насту- пают характерные и опасные патологические из-

менения.

7) При недоедании наблюдается дефицит энергетической ценности пищи (количества кало- рий), также человеку может не хватать белков, витаминов, микроэлементов.

8) Диеты различных культур могут иметь су- щественные различия и включать или исключать конкретные продукты питания.

9) Молочные продукты — продукты питания, изготовленные из молока (обычно коровьего, козьего).

10) Некоторые питательные вещества осуществляют множество функций в организме. Например, вода и минеральные вещества регули- руют разнообразные функции, но не являются ис- точниками энергии.

 

4. Are the following statements true or false? Correct the false ones.

1) Human beings eat all kinds of different foods from animal and plant sources.

2) In prehistoric times people ate what they could find in the shop.

3) Nutrition is the process 'by which plants and animals take in and use food.

4) The building material for muscles, bones, and blood comes from fluid.

5) Experts on nutrition are called dieticians.

6) Every day millions of cells in the body die and must be replaced by new ones.

7) People who have enough food available may

still become ill because they are eating too much dif- ferent kind of food.

8) Plenty of protein can be obtained from the meat.

9) If dairy products are not eaten, a supplement of vitamin В12 becomes essential.

10) Vegetarians have been responsible for the in- vention of foods such as milk, sugar, butter

 

5. Comment the table on the next page. Make conclusion about the amount of food, its variety and quality. Using this table retell the text “You are what you eat”.

6. Make a special diet for 3 types of people. Work out from the checklist the things you can and you can’t eat. Take care about all necessary vitamins and elements. You can consult the table of vitamins on page 187.

a) Vegan. You strongly disagree with people eat- ing meat, fish, eggs, cheese or milk.

b) Vegetarian. You do not eat fish or meat but see nothing wrong in eating dairy products.

c) Gourmet. You love good food, including meat, fish and dairy products.

Picture 1

7. Divide the following words into two columns: countable and uncountable nouns (you must get 25 uncountable nouns).

furniture, coffee, leaf, food, computer, list, blood, job, work, language, country, advice, information, money, progress, permit, permission, baggage, lug- gage, beach, traffic, weather, window, knowledge, air, water, holiday, damage, accommodation, scenery, scene, pigeon, bread, mountain, kick, news, accident, laugh, flour, laughter

 

8. Quantifiers. Fill in the spaces with much, many, few, a few, little, a little, a lot of, plenty of, a great number of, a great amount of, a great deal of (you may get several variants).

1) The living conditions in the district were very poor and there were only doctors available. 2) He is a very intelligent man. Do you know that he speaks

foreign languages? 3) The situation was becoming worse and worse. projects had to be postponed. 4) The show was poor. There was applause. 5) There were people at the meeting, but most of them left early so there aren't left now. 6) Have you finished the chromatography of that protein solution? There is

solution in the fridge if you need more. 7) We haven't had rain this summer. The garden needs watering. 8) The party was a failure. Unfortunately, they invited interesting people. 9) He didn't know

facts about genetic engineering. 10) Did the storm make damage to the crops?

9. Translate from Russian into English. Use believe you. I think you're tellinglie. 8) Did you

quantifiers.

havelovely time in

Hague’s laboratory? 9) It

1)Он написал довольно много статей на эту тему. 2) Я не могу идти с вами сегодня в театр. У меня так много работы в лаборатории. 3) В нашей библиотеке мало книг по биотехнологии. 4) На конференции было слишком много народа. 5) В пробирке было мало воды, и он налил (pour) ещё немного. 6) Мало кто понимает его. У него слиш- ком много ошибок. 7) В прошлом году было опуб- ликовано мало научных статей по биохимии. 8) Премьер-министр по образованию сказал журна- листам лишь несколько слов. 9) Я встречал мало хороших биохимиков в своей жизни. Но Грин, наш сосед, дает нам массу полезных советов, ведь он – доктор биологических наук. 10) Можно мне не- много кофе? — Нет, он слишком крепкий для тебя.

 

10. Remember articles with countable and un- countable nouns. Speak about the difference. Make an exercise. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate article where necessary.

1) He lives insouth ofAustralia. 2) In his

was early evening but I was feeling sleepy. 10) He made gross mistake. 11) Don’t worry, we'll fin- ish experiment before sunset. 12) I’d like to have salad with oil for breakfast. 13) My fa- vorite subject at school was biology.

 

11. Translate into English paying attention to the articles.

1) Передай мне, пожалуйста, индикаторную бумагу. 2) Вечер был влажный (damp) и прохлад- ный. 3) Был холодный и ветреный (windy) день. 4) Вино – типичный продукт биотехнологии. 5) Я люблю сухое вино. 6) Она нашла такую хорошую методику для проведения эксперимента. 7) Пого- да плохая. Ночь была очень холодная. Я не хочу идти в лабораторию в такую холодную погоду. Но нужно доделать начатый анализ. 8) Человек от- крыл инсулин много лет назад. 9) Это неожидан- ная новость. 10) Он обладает обширными знания- ми в области медицины. 11) Пущино – известный научный центр в России. 12) Она прожила труд-

book James Dewey Watson,

famous American

ную жизнь, но сделала много для науки. 13) Нефть

scientist, described main process of human or- ganism. 3) Nothing could break silence. Suddenly there was scream, then second and third. 4) Can you plan experiment? 5) He came in one morning when we were doing dialysis in laboratory of university and introduced him- self. 6) world tour costs lot of money. 7) I don't

используют для производства (production) бензина.

14) Где учёные остановились? — В отеле «Конти-

ненталь». Этона Хай-стрит.

12. Read and understand the menu on the next pages.

Imagine you are having lunch at this restaurant. Make your selection from the menu. Add up the prices. What is your bill? Don’t forget the tip. How much tip should you add?

13. Which items on the menu do you dislike? Why? What dish would you add? What are the ingre- dients? What elements can your organism get from your dish?

Picture 1

66 67

Picture 2

14. PIZZA HUNT: Walk around the classroom and find out from other students what they know about pizza. When you have finished, sit with your partner(s) and share and talk about what you heard. Did you learn anything new?

15. With your partner(s), talk about the food be- low. Rank them from the healthiest to the least healthy. Which do you eat regularly?

·pizza

·burgers

·fried chicken

·noodles

·rice dishes

·fish and chips

 

16. Talk about each of these pizza toppings. Would you choose to have them on your pizza?

mashed potato pineapple corn chocolate French fries seaweed

curry sauce apple and raisins

 

17. A DIFFERENT PIZZA: With your partner(s), design a new kind of pizza. What are the toppings? How is it different from a normal pizza? Have a class

68 69

vote on the tastiest-sounding ones.

18. Look at the following article’s headline and guess whether these sentences are true or false from

expert better although

likely sales outside

choose

your point of view:

1) Scientists have discovered a pizza that helps you lose weight.

2) The secret to the new pizza is in how to bake the base.

3) Antioxidants in food help fight some life- threatening diseases.

4) Cooking the pizza at a low temperature