Teacher: At this lesson you will know about the immunity. You will need the words on the

Topics «Diseases» and «Blood».

Check yourself

1. инфекционное заболевание 2. инфекция 3. приступ болезни 4. течение болезни 5. симптомы болезни 6. выздоровление 7. происходить (встречаться) 8. ставить инъекцию 9. предотвратить распространение 10. лечение болезни 11. клетка 12. клеточный элемент 13. ткань 14. фагоцит

1. attack of a disease 2. cell 3. tissue 4. to inject 5. to occur 6. infectious disease 7. phagocyte 8. symptoms of a disease 9. infection 10. cellular element 11. treatment of a disease 12. course of a disease 13. to prevent the spread 14. recovery

Study the words

1. capacityofresistance– способность к сопротивлению

2. to produce – производить

3. to cause – вызывать

4. protection – защита

5. to invade – проникать

6. invasion – вторжение

7. growth – рост

8. virulent poison –смертельный яд

9. to employ – применять

10. vaccine – вакцина

11. to injure – повреждать

12. to destroy – уничтожать

13. subcutaneously – подкожно

14. sufficient amount – достаточное количество

Read the text

Immunity

Infectious diseases are caused by the invasion and growth of microorganisms in the human body. Infection may result from direct contact with patients or from indirect one.

But the human organism has a specific capacity of resistance against infection. It is called immunity, it may be natural and artificial. A previous attack of an infectious disease produces a more or less permanent protection against its subsequent infection.

In the course of their growth in the body many pathogenic microorganisms produce virulent poisons or toxins. These toxins cause the characteristic symptoms of a particular disease. To meet the infection the cells of the body produce a chemical antidote which is specific for this particular infection and is known as an antitoxin. If a patient can produce a sufficient amount of this antidote to neutralize the toxins before the vital organs are injured, recovery occurs. If the human body had not this capacity we should suffer from all infectious diseases.

If the toxin can be isolated from bacterial cultures and injected into men, an artificial immunity can be produced which results from the formation of antitoxin.

The cellular elements of the tissues also take an active part in the protection of the organism against the infection. The presence of any infection usually produces leucocytosis. Bacteria in the tissues are surrounded by white cells or phagocytes. They prevent the spread of bacteria and destroy them.

If the reaction against invading bacteria is insufficient, vaccines may be injected subcutaneously to produce a more active resistance of the protective mechanisms of the body. Vaccines are employed not only to contribute to the treatment of a disease, but to establish an active artificial immunity.

5. Give the definition (определение) of “immunity”

Immunity is ….

Answer the questions

1. What causes the infectious diseases?

2. How may the infection result?

3. What do the pathogenic microorganisms produce?

4. What do the body cells produce to meet the infection?

5. When does the recovery occur?

6. How is an artificial immunity produced?

Fill in the gaps and tell what part the cellular elements play in the protection

1. … also take part in the protection of the body against the infection.

2. … usually produces leucocytosis.

3. …surround the bacteria in the tissues and destroy them.

Make up the sentences

Vaccines

are

injected employed

активизироватьсопротивлениезащитныхмеханизмовтела. способствовать лечению болезней установить искусственный иммунитет

Here is a short copy of the text about immunity. Use the necessary verbs to complete the story

1. The invasion and growth of microorganisms in the body … infectious disease.

2. Infection … from direct or indirect contact with the patients.

3. Many pathogenic microorganisms … virulent poisons.

4. Virulent poisons … the characteristic symptoms of a disease.

5. To meet the infection the cells of the body … a chemical antidote for this particular infection.

6. A sufficient amount of the antidote … the toxins.

7. The recovery ….

8. The toxin can be … from bacterial cultures and … into men.

9. An artificial immunity … from the formation of antitoxin.

Translate into English

1. Болезнь передается при прямом контакте.

2. У организма есть способность сопротивления инфекции.

3. Микроорганизмы вырабатывают токсины.

4. Инфекция попала в организм и вызвала симптомы заболевания.

5. Врач ввел вакцину пациенту.

6. Достаточное количество антител нейтрализует токсины.

7. Врачи применяют вакцину, чтобы способствовать лечению болезней.

8. Жизненно важные органы пациента были повреждены.

9. Врач сказал, что произошло полное выздоравление.

10. Необходимо было установить искусственный иммунитет.

Speak about immunity

ЗАДАНИЯ ДЛЯ ОБОБЩЕНИЯ ЛЕКСИЧЕСКОГО МАТЕРИАЛА ПО ТЕМАМ РАЗДЕЛА «DISEASES»