Chapter 3. Grammatical function of the genitive case. Prepositional genitive case

Р с

3.1.

Lntroduction

ln conjunction with prepositions the genitive case grea creases its тшпоег of meanings. When цвео with prepositions it са note place, directions of movement, time of actions, cause and rea well as а пшпоег of other relationships. А preposition is а оап of s which expresses the relationship of one word to апоптег Russian pre! tion governs а noun or pronoun in an oЫique case. Prepositions са non-derivational and derivational.

Non-derivational prepositions are primary prepositions. Derivational prepositions may Ье subdivided in the following wa

imple adverblal prepositions, derived from adverbs

simple nominal prepositions, derived from nouns in an oЫique~ simple verbal prepositions, derived from verbs

complex prepositions derived from:

а) an adverb + primary preposition;

Ь) primary preposition + noun in oЫique case;

с) primary preposition + noun in an oЬ/ique case + primary prepos

tion;

d) gerund + primary preposition.

Simple primary prepositions

Primary prepositions do not have any semantic or morpholo~¹ connections with the words from which they derived.

без without

З.1.2.

DouЫe priп1ary prepositions

pr in,ary pr 1 -ро.чпопэ consi~~t of two sнпрlе prirлar

itior1s.

из-за з-под по-нэ1д а-;ради ·••ЭД

frorп t ~l 'hir1d тгогп L1ndt.ч·

[оп- 1. Ь\· 01rchaic)

(arch, нс)

З.т.з.

Imple adverblal prepositions

для	for
до	until, as far as
из	outof
кроме	except for
между	between
от	from

N

Simplt-. idv• ·rЬi,:11 рпэроьШопе are adverbs whict1 lкtvc lost tl1ei1 lexical гпеагипсэ 1nd h, tVt' Ьесогпе indicators or relations betweeп поцп

, d other рапз of а зеп«-псе. They аге classed аз derivatior1al preposi­tions. However, not all adverbs lose their lexical meanings to the same ex­tt int when used in this way. Adverbs близ - near, среди - among hav lost their own lexical meanings, ceased to Ье adverbs and became prepo­впюпз. Adverbs около - near and мимо - past retained their own lexical meanings. They function as adverbs and with nouns in genitive case they function as prepositions. The new prepositions formed from adverbs аге known as adverЬial prepositions. AII adverЬial prepositions (except for близ - near, вокруг - around, около - near, помимо - be­sides, посреди - in the midst of, посредине (посередине) - in the middle, против - opposite, сверх - above) have а single meaning and correspond to the lexical meaning of the corresponding ас­verb.

Близ

вблизи вдоль* взамен вместо

near close to along

in exchange for instead of

The preposition ради may precede or follow the noun it refers to.

RUSSIAN GENIТIVE: ITS FORMS AND USAGE

е

еоед оде

асательно (colloquial)

~иа.11Q

аверх

Около

ок р-уг (archaic) относительно поверх

nодпе (archaic) позади помимо поперёк

осле посредине посередине) * (colloquial) посреди* прежд

ротив сбоку сверх свыше" сзади снизу среди

outside

at the foot of, at the Ьоцоm ₀ inside (indicating а location) inside (indicating а directio close to

around

in front of like

touching, concerning past

on the top of on the eve of opposite near

around

with regard to

over the top, on the top of Ьу the side of

behind

besides

across

after

in the middle

in the midst of before opposite

from one side, on one side ~ьоvе

over, more than behind

from below among

п

imole nominal prepositions

Prepositions derived from nouns in oЫique case retain tt1e lexical

of the order of

Ьу means of

Ьу means of

type of

. 1.5. Simple verbal prepositions

Simple verbal prepositions are derived from verbs (gerund) and srngular meanings which are based on the lexical meaning of the corresponding verb. Simple verbal prepositions which are followed Ьу gen11ive case аге:

не доходя not reaching, before reaching

Считая считая

not counting counting

Complex prepositions

Complex prepositions may Ье adverЬial, nominal and verbal.

complex adverblal preposition consists of an adverb and а pri­mary preposition: вблиэи от - close to.

complex nominal preposition may consist of а primary preposi­on and а noun in oЫique case: в адрес - in address to, or it may consist of primary preposition, а noun in oЫique case and а primary preposition: ависимости от- depending on.

complex verbal preposition consists of gerund and а primary Position: исходя из - concluding from.

Порядка - а new preposition which is used in colloquial speech.

FNIT111c:-.,-..~ --

3. 2. 1. Complex adverblal prepositions (an adverb + primary preposition)

ln complex adverЬial preposition it is the primary preposition which determines the function of а complex adverЬial preposition.

вблизи от close to

вдалеке от вдали от впредь до* вплоть до* наискось от невдалеке от независимо от

far from far from until

right up to oЫiquely/crosswise from not far from

irrespective of