There are about 2000 Sociological Associations in Great Britain.

Are there about 2000 Sociological Associations in Great Britain? (general) How many Sociological Associations are there in Great Britain? (special)

Are there about 2000 or about 5000 Sociological Associations in Great Britain? (al- ternative)

There are about 2000 Sociological Associations in Great Britain, aren‘t there? (dis- junctive)

1. In the mid-20-th century there was a general trend for American sociology.

 

 

2. There is growing awareness of the risks involved in social research.

 

 

3. In sociology there are many schools and movements.

 

 

4. There is no necessity to look for the origin of social development out of society.

 

 

5. As a result there are a lot of opportunities for professional sociologists to choose object for their research.

 

 

6. There is still no agreement among sociologists regarding the proper field of sociol-

ogy.

 

 

7. There are two main schools of thought among the sociologists about the scope of sociology.

 

 

8. There are certain types of social actions which are likely to occur under certain conditions.

 

 

9. There is also need to study the general conditions of social life.

 

 

10. There will be another experiment in a week.

 

E x erci se 4

Translate the sentences from Russian into English using the appropriate form of ―there is (are)‖ construction

1. В прошлом месяце в журнале «Социологические исследования» было много интересных статей.

2. Хотя любой человек отличается о других, существуют общие для людей мо-

дели поведения.

3. Завтра будет лекция по «Социологической статистике».

4. Существует множество отраслей социологии, их число продолжает расти.

5. В составе экспериментальной группы обычно 8 или 10 человек.

6. Существуют разные виды социальных структур: институциональная, соци-

ально-территориальная, этническая и др.

7. В лаборатории был профессор и практикант.

8. Сколько социологических опросов предстоит провести в этом месяце?

9. Есть три уровня социологических теорий: общесоциологические теории, тео-

рии среднего уровня и специальные теории.

10. Для этого исследования нет иллюстративного материала.

 

GLOSSARY

social environment	социальная среда; социальное окружение
Comparative Sociology	сравнительная социология
ethnic	этнический
to adopt	признавать в качестве; принимать; усваивать
integration	интеграция; слияние; объединение
circumstances	обстоятельства
social change	общественные сдвиги; изменения в обществе
movements	общественные движения
social development	социальное развитие; развитие общества
school of thought	научная школа; точка зрения
social actions	социальные мероприятия/действия
social life	общественная жизнь
conditions	обстоятельства; условия
object of research	объект исследования
Sociological Association	социологическая ассоциация
to avoid	избегать; уклоняться; обходиться без
generalization	обобщение; генерализация
connection	соединение; связь

Unit 3

THE PRESENT SIMPLE TENSE

Positive	Negative	Interrogative
I work. We work. You work. He works. She works. It works. They work.	I do not work. We do not work. You do not work. He does not work. She does not work. It does not work. They do not work.	Do I work? Do we work? Do you work? Does he work? Does she work? Does it work? Do they work?
	I don‘t work. He doesn‘t work. They don‘t work.

GRAMMAR REFERENCE

The Present Simple Tense is used

For permanent states, repeated actions and daily routines.

She works in a bank. (permanent state)

They take the bus to work every morning. (daily routine/ repeated actions)

For general truths and laws of nature.

Water boils at 100 ° centigrade.

For timetables (planes, trains, etc.) and programmes.

The plain from Spain arrives at 8:45.

For sports commentaries, reviews and narration.

Mike Dalton plays the part of Macbeth. (review)

Peterson overtakes Williams and wins the race. (sports commentary)

To give instructions or directions (instead of the imperative).

You sprinkle some cheese on the pizza and then you bake it. (Instead of: Sprinkle

some cheese on the pizza …)

The Present Simple is used with the following time expressions: usually, generally, seldom, sometimes, often, always, etc., as a rule, once a week, every day/week/month/year, in the morning/afternoon/evening, at night, at the weekend, on Mondays, etc.

E x erci se 1

Read and translate the following sentences. Find the predicate; define its person and number. Explain the use of the Present Simple Tense in each sentence

1. Sociologists focus on the social networks.

 

2. Sociology deals with families, religions, political parties, business firms, etc.

 

3. What does the term <<social network>> designate?

 

4. Therefore, the ability to link facts together into a meaningful theory does not mean that theory is correct.

 

5. How do the respondents express their opinions?

 

6. The sociological perspective illuminates new facts in countless familiar situations.

 

7. Social scientists view social phenomena from several perspectives.

 

8. Does he make testing at the laboratory?

 

9. Sociology emphasizes the influence that society has on people‘s behavior.

 

10. What fields of knowledge does sociology consist of?

 

E x erci se 2

Read and translate the text.

Open the brackets putting the verbs into the Present Simple Tense

Sociology

Sociology (to be)            one of the related fields known as the social sciences. They (to share)                               the same subject matter: human behavior. But sociology (to be) the study of social relations, and its primary subject matter (to be)the group, not the individual.

There (to be)              a close connection between sociology and other disciplines such as psychology, anthropology, political science, and history. But sociologists (to differ)

             from psychologists because they (to be)              not concerned exclusively with the individual, they (to be)              interested in what (to go)                       on between people. Sociologists (to differ)              from anthropologists primarily because the latter (to spe- cialize)             in the study of preliterate and primitive human groups, while sociologists (to be)interested in modern industrial societies.

 

E x erci se 3

Ask questions of 4 types (general, special, alternative and disjunctive) about each sentence