Read this new book seen your brother yesterday

 

Bought a diction-ary

 

Learned my lesson rung him up yes-terday

 

Gone to the library

 

Had more practice in chess

 

Joined you in fishing

 

Had a ticket yes-terday

 

Asked you to help

me

Called at that shop

 

Called on my friend yesterday

 

Won the champion-ship

 

Heard about it yes-terday

 

I should have

Found out all about

 

This discovery, told you

 

Something.

 

Told you about it. asked him to come

 

To our place. translated the text.

 

Got a good mark. found out all about

 

His illness. got that book.

 

Won the game yes-terday.

 

Caught a lot of fish.

 

Gone to the theatre with you.

 

Done the work well.

 

Bought the book.

 

Met interesting people.

 

Been sent abroad.

 

Been pleased.

 

13 Ю. Голицынский

 

386     ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ

 

Упражнение 472

 

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требу-ющейся форме.

 

1. If he were not such an outstanding actor, he (not to have) so many admirers. 2. If you (to give) me your address, I shall write you a letter. 3. If she (not to be) so absent-minded, she would be a much better student. 4. If my sister does not go to the south, we (to spend) the summer in St. Petersburg together. 5. If they (not to go) to Moscow last year, they would not have heard that famous musician. 6. If you (not to get) tickets for the Philharmonic, we shall stay at home. 7. If you were not so careless about your health, you (to consult) the doctor. 8. I should be delighted if I (to have) such a beautiful fur coat. 9. If it (to rain), we shall have to stay at home. 10. If he (to work) hard, he would have achieved great progress. 11. If it is not too cold, I (not to put) on my coat. 12. I (to write) the composition long ago if you had not disturbed me. 13. If he (not to read) so much, he would not be so clever. 14. If my friend (to be) at home, he will tell us what to do.

 

Упражнение 473

 

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требу-ющейся форме.

 

1. If you (not to buy) coffee, we shall drink tea. 2. If he is free tomorrow, he certainly (to come) to our party. 3. My brother would not have missed so many lessons if he (not to hurt) his leg. 4. If my friend (to work) in my office, we should meet every day. 5. If you spoke English every day, you (to improve) your language skills. 6. If you get a "five", your mother (to be) happy. 7. If she (to return) earli-

 

Условные предложения

387

 

er, she would have been able to see him before he left. 8. If these shoes were not too big for me, I (to buy) them. 9. If you (to ring) me up, I shall tell you a secret. 10. If you (to be) a poet, you would write beautiful poetry. 11. If he did not read so much, he (not to know) English literature so well. 12. If he (to come) to our house yesterday, he would have met his friend. 13. If he (not to pass) his exam, he will not get a scholarship. 14. If she (not to help) me, I should have been in a very difficult situation. 15. My father would have more free time if he (not to read) so many newspapers. 16. If only you had let me know, I (to go) there immediately. 17. If I were a famous singer, I (to get)-* lot of flowers every day.

 

Упражнение 474

 

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требу-ющейся форме.

 

1. If my brother (to be) in trouble, I shall help him, of course. 2. If I don't manage to finish my report today, I (to stay) at home tomorrow. 3. If she were more careful about her diet, she (not to be) so stout. 4. You would not feel so bad if you (not to smoke) too much. 5. If he (to learn) the poem, he would not have got a bad mark. 6. If you gave me your dictionary for a couple of days, I (to translate) this text. 7. If I (to be) a musician, I should be very happy. 8. If Barbara (to get) up at half past eight, she would have been late for school. 9. If you had not put the cup on the edge of the table, it (not to get) broken. 10. I should be very glad if he (to come) to my place. 11. If he (to live) in St. Petersburg, he would go to the Hermitage every week. 12. If you (to go) to the theatre with us last week, you would have enjoyed the evening. 13. You won't understand the rule if you (not to listen) to the teacher. 14. If he weren't such a bookworm, he (not to spend) so

388      ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ

 

much time sitting in the library. 15. I should not have bought the car if my friend (not to lend) me money. 16. If he did not live in St. Petersburg, we (not to meet) so often. 17. If he had warned me, I (to do) the work in time.

 

Упражнение 475

 

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требу-ющейся форме.

 

1. If I (to have) this rare book, I should gladly lend it to you. 2. The dish would have been much more tasty if she (to be) a better cook. 3. He never (to phone) you if I hadn't reminded him to do that. 4. Your brother (to become) much stronger if he took cold baths regularly. 5. If he (to be) more courageous, he would not be afraid. 6. If the fisherman had been less patient, he (not to catch) so much fish. 7. If you (to put) the ice cream into the refrigerator, it would not have melted. 8. If I (to know) the result now, I would phone her immediately. 9. If you had let me know yesterday, I (to bring) you my book.

10. If it (to snow), the children will play snowballs.

 

11. If I (not to know) English, I should not be able to enjoy Byron's poetry. 12. I (not to do) it if you did not ask me. 13. If men (to have) no weapons, would wars be possible? 14. You will never finish your work if you (to waste) your time like that.

 

15. If I (to have) his telephone number, I should eas ily settle this matter with him.

 

Упражнение 476

 

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требу-ющейся форме.

 

1. If she (to ask) me yesterday, I should certainly havetold her all about it. 2. If you (to do) your morning exercises every day, your health would be much

 

 

Условные предложения

389

 

better. 3. If he is not very busy, he (to agree) to go to the museum with us. 4. If I (not to be) present at the lesson, I should not have understood this difficult rule. 5. If he reads fifty pages every day, his vocabulary (to increase) greatly. 6. If they (to know) it before, they would have taken measures. 7. If I (to get) this book, I shall be happy. 8. If you really loved music, you (to go) to the Philharmonic much more often. 9. If you had not wasted so much time, you (not to miss) the train. 10. If you (not to miss) the train, you would have arrived on time. 11. You (not to miss) the teacher's explanation if you had arrived on time. 12. You would have understood the rule if you (not to miss) the teacher's explanation. 13. If you (to understand) the rule, you would have written the paper successfully. 14. If you had written the paper successfully, you (not to get) a "two". 15. Your mother (not to scold) you if you had not got a "two". 16. If your mother (not to scold) you, you would have felt happier.

 

Упражнение 477

 

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требу-ющейся форме.

 

1. If it (to rain) tomorrow, our game will be cancelled. 2. If a dog (to bite) in her leg, she would go straight to hospital. 3. If he had known it was going to rain, he (to take) his umbrella to work today. 4. If only I (to have) more pocket money, I could buy some new English books. 5. If she hadn't missed the bus, she (not to be) late for work. 6. If I (to live) two hundred years ago, I couldn't have spoken on the telephone. 7. If my daughter did her homework carefully, she (to get) much better marks. She's really a smart little girl. 8. If his friend (to be) in the mood to see a film, they would have gone to the cinema last night. 9. If my cactus plant (not to have) a rare

390     ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ

 

disease, it wouldn't have died. 10. If they had remembered your address, they (to send) you a postcard. 11. If Tom saw a car crash, he (to telephone) the police and (to help) the people in the cars. 12. If you are not sure, what to say, you (to have) to guess. 13. If she (not to be) very ill, she wouldn't have been absent from English classes all last week. 14. If my parents had had good seats, they (to enjoy) the play last night. 15. If a robber (to attack) him in a dark street, he would defend himself. 16. If he hadn't been so careless, he (not to fall) into this trap. 17. If you (not to smoke), you would feel more energetic. 18. If her alarm clock (to ring), she would have been on time for work this morning.

 

Упражнение 478

 

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требу-ющейся форме.

 

1. If you were on a hijacked plane, you (to attack) the hijackers? 2. If they were on a hijacked plane, they (to stay) calm and probably (to survive). 3. If my friend had been trying harder, he (to succeed). 4. If I (to live) in 1703,1 shouldn't (wouldn't')¹ have had a computer. 5. If she (to smell) smoke in the middle of the night, she would telephone the fire brigade and run into the street and shout, "Fire!" 6. If he (to invite), he would have come to the party last Sunday. 7. If the driver in front hadn't stopped suddenly, the accident (not to happen). 8. If you (not to know) how to play, my sister will explain the rules to you. 9. If she had told them it was her birthday,

 

'В современном английском языке имеется тенденция к употреблению "would" вместо "should" с первым лицом един-ственного и множественного числа в главном предложении условных придаточных предложений II и III типов. См. Raymond Murphy "Essential Grammar in Use" a book for intermediate students: Unit 38 — If I knew his number, I would phone him.

 

 

Условные предложения

391

 

they (to give) her a birthday present. 10. If I had more time, I (to read) more books. 11. If their TV had been working, they (to watch) the President's speech last night. 12. If my T-shirt hadn't been 100 percent cotton, it (not to shrink) so much. 13. How can you become more popular in your class: if you (to get) the top mark in mathematics or English or if you (to be) good at sports? 14. If they (to go) by car, they would have saved time. 15. If I (to be) a bird, I would¹ be able to fly. 16. If he (to bring) his book home, he would have done his homework last night. 17. If my mother (to win) a million pounds, she would spend it as fast as possible. 18. If you had been feeling well, you (to be) in class yesterday.

 

Упражнение 479

 

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требу-ющейся форме.

 

1. I am sorry that you do not read English novels; if you (to read) them, I (to lend) you some very interesting ones. 2. You say that you did not read yesterday's papers; if you (to read) them, you (to see) the announcement of Professor X's coming to our town. 3. He is not ill: if he (to be) ill, he (not to play) tennis so much. 4. He was not ill last week: if he (to be) ill, he (not to take) part in the football match. 5. How slippery it is! If it (not to rain), it (not to be) so slippery. 6. I am glad I was able to attend the lecture yesterday. You (to be) displeased if I (not to come)? 7. Let's take a taxi to the railway station: we have a lot of luggage. If we (not to have) so much luggage, we (to walk). 8. Stop working and let's go inside: it is too dark. If the evening (not to be) so dark, we (to continue) the work. 9.1 don't believe you: you only say that you want to know

 

¹ См. примечание на стр. 390.

392     ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ

 

languages. If you (to be) really interested in languages, you (to study) them.

 

Упражнение 480

 

Образуйте условные предложения.

 

1. Не is busy and does not come to see us. If... 2. The girl did not study well last year and received bad marks. If... 3. He broke his bicycle and so he did not go to the country. If...

 

4. He speaks English badly: he has no practice. If... 5. I had a bad headache yesterday, that's why I did not come to see you. If... 6. The ship was sailing near the coast, that's why it struck a rock. If... 7. He was not in town, therefore he was not present at our meeting. If... 8. The pavement was so slippery that I fell and hurt my leg. If... 9. The sea is rough, and we cannot sail to the island. If... 10. They made a fire, and the frightened wolves ran away. If... 11. It is late, and I have to go home. If... 12. I was expecting my friend to come, that's why I could not go to the cinema with you. If... 13. He always gets top marks in mathematics because it is his favourite subject and he works a lot at it. If... 14. I did not translate the article yesterday because I had no dictionary. If

... 15. We lost our way because the night was pitch-dark. If...

 

16. The box was so heavy that I could not carry it. That's why I took a taxi. If...

 

Упражнение 481

 

Образуйте условные предложения.

 

1. The travellers had no camera with them, so they could not take photos of the beautiful scenery. If... 2. There was no sugar left, so we had to go to the shop late in the evening. If

 

... 3. This house is very nice and comfortable, but it is not very good for living because it is situated close to a chemical

 

 

Условные предложения

393

 

plant and the air around is very bad. If... 4. He is an excellent specialist, but I cannot ask his advice because I am not acquainted with him. If... 5. You cannot enjoy this merry evening party because you have a toothache. If... 6. You know the material well enough, but you are very absent-minded, and that's why you always make many mistakes. If

 

... 7. You did not ring me up, so I did not know you were in trouble. If... 8. You left the child alone in the room, so he hurt himself. If... 9. They spent a year in the tropics, so they got very sun-tanned. If... 10. It rained heavily, so we got drenched to the skin. If... 11. Why didn't you watch the cat? It ate all the fish. If... 12. A huge black cloud appeared from behind the forest, so we had to turn back and hurry home. If

... 13. We shall not go to see them because it is very late. If

 

... 14. Naturally she was angry, because you were in her way. If...

 

Упражнение 482

 

Раскройте скобки, употребляя требующуюся форму сослагательного наклонения после "I wish".

 

1. I wish I (to have) a season ticket to the Philharmonic next winter. 2. I wish I (to consult) the teacher when I first felt that mathematics was too difficult for me. 3. I love sunny weather. I wish it (to be) warm and fine all the year round. 4. I wish I (not to lend) Nick my watch: he has broken it.

 

5. I wish you (to send) word as soon as you arrive.

 

6. I wish I (not to have) to do my homework every day. 7. I wish you (to go) skiing with me yesterday: I had such a good time! 8. I wish I (to know) Spanish. 9. I wish I (not to drink) so much coffee in the evening: I could not sleep half the night. 10. I wish you (to read) more in future. 11. I wish I never (to suggest) this idea. 12. I wish I (to be) at yesterday's

394      ГРАММАТИКА.СБОР НИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ

 

party: it must have been very merry. 13. I wish we (to meet) again next summer. 14. Don't you wish you (to see) that performance before? 15. They wished they (not to see) this horrible scene again. 16. The unfortunate pupil wished he (not to forget) to learn the rule.

 

Упражнение 483

 

Раскройте скобки, употребляя требующуюся форму сослагательного наклонения после "I wish".

 

1. I wish I (can) give up smoking. 2. She wishes she (to see) him at yesterday's party. 3. I wish I (to pass) my driving test last Monday. 4. I wish I (not to forget) my friend's birthday yesterday. 5. The boy is sad. He wishes he (not to break) the window. 6. My aunt wishes she (to stay) at home last weekend. 7. He wishes he (to know) something about cars. 8. I wish it (to be) sunny. 9. I wish it (to be) sunny during our picnic last Saturday. 10. She wishes she (to live) in the Crimea. 11. My friend wishes he (not to do) that last night. 12.1 wish I (to bring) my camera last summer. 13. I wish I (can) tell the future. 14. Do you wish you (to be) in the Guinness Book of Records? 15. Some people wish they (can) appear on a TV game show and become famous. 16. She often wishes things (to be) different.

 

Упражнение 484

 

Перефразируйте следующие предложения, упо-

требляя "I wish".

 

• E.g. It's a pity you are ill.

 

I wish you were not ill.

 

1. Unfortunately they won't return before Christmas. 2. The student was sorry he had not studied the material better and had shown such poor

 

 

Условные предложения

395

 

knowledge at the exam. 3. It's a pity that you did not send for us last night. 4. It's a pity you are not with us these days. 5. My friend regrets not having entered the university. 6. He was sorry not to have had enough time to finish his paper. 7. It's a pity we shan't be able to reach home before teatime. 8. I am sorry I made you upset by telling you this news. 9. What a pity you don't know enough physics.

 

Упражнение 485

 

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя "1 wish".

 

1. а) Жаль, что он такой легкомысленный, б) Жаль, что он не достаточно серьезен.

 

2. а) Я теперь жалею, что не послушал его совета, б) Я теперь жалею, что последовал его совету.

 

3. а) Жаль, что вы пришли так поздно, б) Жаль, что вы не пришли пораньше.

 

4. а) Обидно, что мы ушли до его прихода.

 

б) Обидно, что мы не дождались его прихода.

 

5. а) К сожалению, они еще ничего не знают, б) К сожалению, они уже знают об этом.

 

Упражнение 486

 

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя "I wish".

 

1. Ах, если бы вы сказали ей об этом в прошлое воскресенье! 2. Хорошо бы у нас сейчас были каникулы.

3. Если бы он пришел сегодня вечером!

4. Мы пожалели, что не попросили его совета.

5. Жаль, что вы отказались принять участие в пикнике.

6. Жаль, что вас не интересует этот предмет.

 

7. Мы бы хотели, чтобы вы упомянули эти факты.

 

8. Жаль, что мы опоздали на поезд. 9. Жаль, что

 

396     ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ

 

вы включили телевизор так поздно. 10. Если бы я был свободен сейчас! 11. Жаль, что и вчера у меня было мало времени. 12. Хорошо бы вы написали ей об этом сами. 13. Жаль, что вы не обратили внимания на его предупреждение. 14. Он пожалел, что бросил университет. 15. Жаль, что уже поздно идти туда. 16. Ах, если бы я пришел на вокзал вовремя! 17. Жаль, что вы не читали такую прекрасную книгу. 18. Жаль, что она де-лает так много ошибок в речи. 19. Жаль, что вы не побывали на выставке. 20. Жаль, что я узнал об этом так поздно. 21. Как жаль, что мы не застали Колю дома. 22. Она сожалела, что не рассказала нам эту историю раньше.

 

 

Обратите внимание на смешанные случаи употребления времен в условных предложениях

 

// и /// типа:

 

If I were acquainted with this famous professor, I shouldhave rung him up. yesterday.

 

Условие относится к настоящему времени (// тип), а следствие — к прошедшему (/// тип).

 

If I had written the composition yesterday, I should be free now.

 

Условие относится к прошедшему времени (/// тип), а следствие — к настоящему (// тип).

 

 

Упражнение 487

 

Образуйте условные предложения. Не забудьте о смешанных случаях.

 

1. I shall go to the dentist because I have a toothache. If

 

... 2. He is groaning with pain now because he did not go to the dentist to have his tooth filled.

 

Условные предложения

397

 

If... 3. She does not go to the polyclinic because she does not need any treatment. If... 4. He will not go to see the play as he was present at the dress rehearsal. If... 5. He went to Moscow specially to hear this famous singer because he is fond of him. If... 6. We did not go to the cafeteria to have a glass of lemonade because we were not thirsty. If... 7. She could not mend her dress herself because she had no needle. If... 8. He is not a first-class sportsman now because he did not train enough last year. If... 9. The pupils were active because they wanted to understand this difficult material. If

 

... 10. The pupils did not understand the homework because they were inattentive. If... 11. The pupils worked hard and did well in their exams. If... 12. She won't try to enter the foreign languages department because she is not good at foreign languages. If...

 

Упражнение 488

 

Переведите на английский язык.

 

1. Он так изменился! Если бы вы его встретили, вы бы его не узнали. 2. Если бы я был на вашем месте, я бы посоветовался с родителями. 3. Если бы сейчас подошел трамвай, мы бы не опоздали. 4. Если бы он знал, что это вас расстроит, он был бы осторожнее. 5. Если бы вы мне помогли решить эту задачу, я был бы вам очень бла-годарен. 6. Жаль, что нам раньше не пришло в голову поискать книгу в библиотеке. Мы бы сделали работу вовремя и сейчас были бы уже свободны. 7. Жаль, что у нас было так мало уроков. Если бы мы больше поработали, мы бы лучше знали язык. 8. Если бы он регулярно не посещал спортивные тренировки, он не добился бы такого успеха на состязаниях. 9. Если бы ты предупредил меня заранее, я бы уже был в Москве. 10. Жаль,

398      ГРАММАТИКА.СБОРНИ К УПРАЖНЕНИЙ

 

что она уже ушла. Если бы ты позвонил раньше, она была бы сейчас здесь. 11. Если бы он был умнее, он бы не пошел вчера в лес. 12. Если бы она не прислала вчера это письмо, мой брат был бы сейчас дома. 13. Что бы мы сейчас делали, если бы мама не испекла вчера пирог? 14. Жаль, что вы не слышали музыку Рахманинова. Если бы вы ее слышали, вы бы знали, какой это замечательный композитор. 15. Я уверен, что все были бы рады, если бы вечер состоялся.

 

Упражнение 489

 

Переведите на английский язык.

 

1. Если бы я знал французский, я бы уже давно поговорил с ней. 2. Если бы я знал немецкий язык, я бы читал Гете в оригинале. 3. Если бы я жил близко, я бы чаще заходил к вам. 4. Если бы вы не прервали нас вчера, мы бы закончили работу в срок. 5. Если бы он не следовал советам врача, он бы не поправился так быстро. 6. Если бы он не был талантливым художником, его картину не приняли бы на выставку.

 

7. Если бы вы тогда послушались моего совета, вы бы не были сейчас в таком затруднительном положении.

 

8. Если бы я не был так занят в эти дни, я бы помог тебе вчера. 9. Если бы он не был так близорук, он бы узнал меня вчера в театре. 10. Она здорова. Если бы она была больна, ее брат сказал бы мне об этом вчера.

 

11. Вы бы много знали, если бы регулярно читали этот журнал. 12. Если бы я узнала об этом раньше, то не сидела бы сейчас дома. 13. Если бы мои родители были богаты, они бы уже давно купили мне машину.

 

14. Она очень талантлива. Хорошо бы родители ку-пили ей пианино. Если она начнет играть сейчас, она будет выдающимся музыкантом.

 

МОДАЛЬНЫЕ ГЛАГОЛЫ

 

___________________ CAN ___________________

 

Возможность что-нибудь сделать (могу, умею)

 

I can play the piano.         I cannot swim.

 

(умею)                            (не умею)

 

He can answer the           He cannot understand,

 

question, (может)            (не может)

 

Can you sing? (умеете?) Can youhelp me? (можете?)

 

I could not ski when I was little, (не умел) She could not jump so high, (не могла)

 

 

Упражнение 490

 

Переведите на русский язык.

 

1. Her grandmother can knit very well. 2. I can answer the questions. They are very easy. 3. This trip is too expensive for me. I can't afford it. 4. She can type. She can speak well on the telephone. She hopes she can find the job she's looking for. 5. Can you go to have lunch with me? — I'm sorry. I can't. 6. Mike can run very fast. 7. They can understand French. 8. Kate can speak English well. 9. My broth-

 

400     ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ

 

er can come and help you in the garden. 10. Can you speak Spanish? 11. Can your brother help me with mathematics? 12. His little sister can walk already. 13. The children cannot carry this box: it is too heavy. 14. My friend cannot come in time. 15. This old woman cannot sleep at night. 16. His sister can cook very well. 17. I can sing, but I cannot dance. 18. Can't you wait till tomorrow morning? — I can wait, but my toothache can't.

 

Упражнение 491

 

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя мо-дальный глагол can (could).

 

1. Я умею говорить по-английски. 2. Мой папа не умеет говорить по -немецки. 3. Ты умеешь говорить по-французски? 4. Моя сестра не умеет кататься на коньках. 5. Ты можешь переплыть эту реку? 6. Я не могу выпить это молоко. 7. Она не может вас понять. 8. Ты умел плавать в прошлом году? 9. В прошлом году я не умел кататься на лыжах, а сейчас умею. 10. Вы не можете мне сказать, как доехать до вокзала? 11. Не могли ли бы вы мне помочь? 12. Я не могу перевести это предложение. 13. Никто не мог мне помочь. 14. Где тут можно купить хлеб? 15. Твоя бабушка умела танцевать, когда была молодая? — Да, она и сейчас умеет.

 

ТО BE ABLE TO

 

Эквивалент глагола CAN

 

Не is able to do it. (может, в состоянии) Не was able to do it yesterday, (мог) He will be able to do it tomorrow, (сможет) He has been able to swim since childhood.

(умеет с детства)

 

Модальные глаголы

401

 

Упражнение 492

 

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя вы-

ражение to be able to.

 

1. Она не сможет вовремя добраться до аэропор-та. 2. Ты сможешь отправить ему электронную почту сегодня вечером? 3. Они какое-то время не смогут смотреть телевизор, с ним что-то случилось. 4. Боюсь, что он не сможет помочь мне переехать в новый дом на следующей неделе. 5. Ты сможешь сделать эту работу завтра? 6. Я думаю, она не сумеет решить эту задачу. 7. Завтра я буду свободен и смогу помочь тебе. 8. Мы сможем поехать в Нью-Йорк в будущем году? 9. Ты сможешь починить мой магнитофон? 10. Вчера я не смог повидать директора, так как он был на конференции, но сегодня после работы я смогу это сделать.

 

 

Упражнение 493

 

Перепишите следующие предложения, добавляя слова, данные в скобках. Замените модальный гла-

 

гол can (could) выражением to be able to, где это необходимо.

 

1. They can (never) appreciate your kindness. 2. I was sure you could translate that article (after you had translated so many texts on physics). 3. You can go to the country (when you have passed your last examination). 4. We can pass to the next exercise (when we have done this one). 5. I can give you my book for a couple of days (after I have read it). 6. He can ski (for ten years). 7. We knew that she could swim (since childhood). 8. You cannot take part in this serious competition (until you have mastered good skills). 9. I could not solve the problem (before he explained it to me).

 

402     ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ

 

_____________________ MAY ____________________

 

Разрешение (можно)

 

You may take my pen. (можете) You may not touch it. (нельзя) May Icome in? (можно?)

 

В косвенной речи: Mother said that I might play. (сказала, что можно)

 

Предположение (может быть)

 

It may rain soon, (может быть, пойдет дождь) Be careful: you may fall, (можешь упасть)

 

Упражнение 494

 

Переведите на русский язык.

 

1. May I invite Nick to our house? 2. You may go now. 3. If you have done your homework, you may go for a walk. 4. Don't go to the wood alone: you may lose your way. 5. May I go to the post office with Mike? 6. May I take Pete's bag? 7. Don't give the vase to the child: he may break it. 8. May we take notes with a pencil? 9. You may not cross the street when the light is red. 10. May I shut the door? 11. It stopped raining, and mother told us that we might go out. 12. May children play with scissors? 13. They may travel by sea. It may be cheaper, but it takes a long time. 14. It may be true. 15. May I come and see you? 16. Where have you been, may I ask?

 

Упражнение 495

 

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя мо-дальный глагол may.

 

1. Можно мне войти? 2. Можно, я пойду гулять?

3. Если твоя работа готова, можешь идти

 

Модальные глаголы

403

 

домой. 4. Учитель сказал, что мы можем идти до-мой. 5. Доктор говорит, что я уже могу купаться. 6. Папа сказал, что мы можем идти в кино одни. 7. Я думал, что мне можно смотреть телевизор. 8. Если ты не наденешь пальто, ты можешь заболеть. 9. Не уходи из дома: мама может скоро прийти, а у нее нет ключа. 10. Будь осторожен: ты можешь упасть. 11. Не трогай собаку: она может укусить тебя. 12. Мы, может быть, поедем за город в воскресенье. 13. Он может забыть об этом. 14. Скоро может пойти дождь. 15. Здесь нечего делать. Мы можем рано уйти сегодня. 16. Он, может быть, и знает эту проблему, поэтому он, может быть, и знает ответ на этот вопрос, но я не очень уверена. 17. Если хотите, можете идти сейчас. 18. Где они сейчас живут? — Они, может быть, и живут сейчас за границей, но я не очень уверена.

 

ТО BE ALLOWED TO

 

Эквивалент глагола MAY

 

We are allowed to stay at home, (нам разрешают) We were allowed to stay at home, (нам разрешили) We shall be allowed to stay at home, (нам разрешат)

 

Упражнение 496

 

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя вы-

ражение to be allowed to.

 

1. Курить воспрещается. 2. Ему не позволили курить у них в доме. 3. В Англии вам разрешат водить машину, если вам 17 лет. 4. В США вам разрешают продолжать ездить на машине даже в возрасте 90 лет. 5. Мне разрешают пользоваться папиным магнитофоном. 6. Дети уже большие. Им разрешают ходить в школу одним. 7. Ему не раз-

404     ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ

 

решают купаться в этой реке. 8. Вчера ей позволили прийти домой в десять часов. 9. Нам не позволяют разговаривать на уроках. 10. Тебе позволили взять эту книгу? 11. Я думаю, мне не разрешат поехать с тобой за город. 12. Тебе разрешат пойти гулять, когда ты сделаешь уроки. 13. Тебе разрешали ходить на озеро, когда ты был маленький? 14. Когда мне позволят есть мороженое? 15. Вам не разрешается разговаривать на экзамене.

 

Упражнение 497

 

Вставьте модальный глагол may (might) или выражение to be allowed to. Вставляйте to be allowed to только в тех случаях, где may (might) употребить нельзя.

 

1. Не... go home if he likes. 2. As soon as the boy...

 

leave the room, he smiled a happy smile and ran out to join his friends outside. 3. The doctor says I am much better. I...

 

get up for a few hours every day. 4.... I bring my sister to the party? 5. He asked if he... bring his sister to the party. 6. After they had finished their homework, the children...

 

watch TV. 7. He... join the sports section as soon as he is through with his medical examination. 8. Becky's mother said that everybody... take part in the picnic. 9. If you pass your exams, you... go to the south. 10.... I borrow your car, please? 11. He asked if he... borrow my car. 12.... I have a look at your newspaper?

 

Упражнение 498

 

Вставьте модальные глаголы may или can.

 

1.... you see anything in this inky darkness? 2. You... go when you have finished your compositions. 3. What shall we do if the train is late? It...

 

Модальные глаголы

405

 

be late, you know, after the terrible snowstorms we've had. 4. When... you come and see me? — Let me see: I... not come tomorrow, for I must be at the meeting, but on Sunday I'll find time. Yes, you... expect me on Sunday about threeo'clock. Will that be all right? 5. You... come in when you have taken off your boots. 6. Be careful: you... spill the milk if you carry it like that. 7. Most children... slide on the ice very well. 8. I don't think I... be here by eleven o'clock tomorrow, but I... be.

 

Упражнение 499

 

Вставьте модальные глаголы may или can.

 

1.... I come in? 2. Let me look at your exercises. I... be able to help you. 3. I... not swim, because until this year the doctor did not allow me to be more than two minutes in the water. But this year he says I... stay in for fifteen minutes if I like, so I am going to learn to swim. 4. Libraries are quite free, and anyone who likes... get books there. 5. I... come and see you tomorrow if I have time. 6. Take your raincoat with you: it... rain today. 7. Do you think you... do that? 8. I

 

... finish the work tomorrow if no one bothers me any more. 9.... we come and see you next Sunday at three o'clock in the afternoon? 10. What time is it? — It... be about six o'clock, but I am not sure. 11. Only a person who knows the language very well... answer such a question.

 

Упражнение 500

 

Вставьте модальные глаголы may (might) или can

(could).

 

1.... you help me? 2. I... not imagine her speaking in public: I knew that she was so shy. 3. Some-

 

406      ГРАММАТ ИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ

 

thing was wrong with the car: he... not start it. 4.-A fool

 

... ask more questions than a wise man... answer. 5. She asked me if she... use my telephone. 6.... I use your pen? 7.... I find a pen on that table? 8. You... read this book: you know the language well enough. 9. You...

 

take this book: I don't need it. 10.... I help you? 11.... I ask you to help me? 12. The school was silent: nothing

 

... be heard in the long dark corridors. 13. Waiting... be endless, you know. 14.... you tell me the nearest way to the city museum? 15. They... think that I am too weak to take part in the excursion, but I am strong enough to do any kind of hard work, indeed. 16. He knew this period of history very well: he had read everything on the subject he... find in the rich university library.

 

 

MUST

 

Долженствование

 

You must respect your parents, (должны) You must not go there, (нельзя) Must I learn it by heart? (должен?)

 

Предположение (должно быть) It must be cold outside, (должно быть)

 

 

Упражнение 501

 

Переведите на русский язык.

 

1. You must work hard at your English. 2. You must learn the words. 3. Must we learn the poem today? 4. It must be very difficult to learn Chinese.

 

Модальные глаголы

407

 

5. You must not talk at the lessons. 6. Everybody must come to school in time. 7. Don't ring him up: he must be very busy. 8. You must not make notes in the books. 9.1 must help my mother today. 10. Don't worry! This is not important. — Not important! You must be joking! 11. He never comes to work late! He must have overslept today. 12. You must not argue with the boss. 13. She must stop eating much and she must lose weight. 14. You must stop smoking! If you don't, you're going to have serious problems with your lungs some day.

 

Упражнение 502

 

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя мо-дальный глагол must.

 

1. Я должна упорно работать над своим англий-ским. 2. Вы должны внимательно слушать учителя на уроке. 3. Ты должен делать уроки каждый день. 4. Вы не должны забывать о своих обязанностях. 5. Вы должны быть осторожны на улице. 6. Она должна быть дома сейчас. 7. Мои друзья, должно быть, в парке. 8. Вы, должно быть, очень голодны.

9. Должно быть, очень трудно решать такие задачи.

 

10. Я должен сегодня повидать моего друга. 11. Он, должно быть, очень устал. 12. У них даже есть яхта. Они, должно быть, очень богаты. 13. Ты должен уехать завтра утром? 14. Вы не должны опаздывать.

 

15. Я не должен забывать о своей матери. Я не писал ей целую вечность. Сегодня вечером я должен написать ей письмо. 16. Эта книга очень ценная. Вы не должны ее терять. 17. Неужели вам надо уже уходить? 18. Я должен признать, что я неправ.

 

408     ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ

 

ТО HAVE TO

Эквивалент глагола MUST

 

Модальные глаголы

409

 

Упражнение 504

 

Перепишите следующие предложения в прошедшем

 

I have to go there.

(надо)

 

I had to go there. (пришлось)

 

I shall have to go there. (придется)

 

I don't have to go there. (не надо)

 

I didn't have to go there. (не пришлось)

 

I shan't have to go there. (не придется)

времени.

 

1. It is quite clear to everyboby in the family that he must start getting ready for his exam instead of wasting time. 2. It is impossible to do anything in such a short time. I must ask the chief to put off my report. 3. I don't mean that you must do everything they tell you. 4. It is already twenty minutes past eight. You must go or you will be late for the first

____________________________ i

 

Do you have to go there? (надо?) Did you have to go there? (пришлось?) Will you have to go there? (придется?)

 

 

Упражнение 503

 

Переведите на русский язык.

 

1. I have not written the composition. I shall have to write it on Sunday. 2. We did not have to buy biscuits because our granny had baked a delicious pie. 3. Will you have to get up early tomorrow? 4. I had to do a lot of homework yesterday. 5. She had to stay at home because she did not feel well. 6. Pete had to stay at home because it was very cold. 7. Mike had to write this exercise at school because he had not done it at home. 8. They had to call the doctor because the grandmother was ill. 9. Why did you have to stay at home yesterday? — Because my parents were not at home and I had to look after my little sister. 10. It was Sunday yesterday, so he didn't have to be at work, but he had to do a lot at home. 11. I am sorry I couldn't come yesterday. I had to work late. 12. Why do you have to get up early tomorrow? 13. I had to go to the hospital to visit my aunt. 14. What did you have to learn by heart? — At school, I had to learn a beautiful poem "Leisure" by William Henry Davies.

 

lesson. 5.1 am very tired. I feel I must go to bed at once, or I shall fall asleep where I am sitting. 6. We can't wait for them any longer, we must ring them up and find out what has happened. 7. I am thinking hard, trying to find a solution of the problem. There must be a way out.

 

Упражнение 505

 

Перепишите каждое из следующих предложений дважды: в прошедшем и в будущем времени. Заменяйте модальные глаголы must и сап эквивалентами, где необходимо.

 

1. You must listen to the tape recording of this text several times. 2. You must take your exam in English. 3. She can translate this article without a dictionary. 4. We can't meet them at the station. 5. The doctor must examine the child. 6. He must work systematically if he wants to know French well. 7. This child must spend more time in the open air. 8. I can't recite this poem. 9. You must take part in this work. 10. He can't join the party because he is busy.

410     ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ

 

Упражнение 506

 

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя мо-дальный глагол must или его эквивалент to have to.

 

1.	Я должна	пойти в магазин сегодня.
		сварить обед сделать уроки
		пойти в школу написать
		письмо брату
2.	Мне придется	пойти в магазин завтра.
		сварить обед сделать уроки
		пойти в школу написать
		письмо брату
3.	Мне пришлось пойти в магазин вчера.
		сварить обед сделать уроки
		пойти в школу написать
		письмо брату

 

 

Упражнение 507

 

Переведите на английский язык следующие вопросы и ответьте на них.

 

1. Что вы должны сделать сегодня?

 

2. Что вам придется сделать завтра?

 

3. Что вам пришлось сделать вчера?

 

Упражнение 508

 

Заполните пропуски модальными глаголами сап, may

или must.

 

1. What... we see on this map? 2.... you speak Spanish?

— No, unfortunately I.... 3. At what time... you come to school? 4.... I come in? 5. You...

 

 

Модальные глаголы

411

 

not smoke here. 6.... I take your book? — I am afraid not: I need it. 7. He... not speak English yet. 8. I have very little time: I... go. 9. They... not go to the park today because they are busy. 10. You... read this text: it is easy enough. 11. She... still live in Paris. 12. He is busy. He... be writing a book about his travels. 13. But he is happy. He... enjoy life. 14. My friend Danielle isn't a famous artist. But she... evenpaint Russian icons. I... only admire her beautiful pictures. She... be a woman of great talents. She... speak German, French and English. She... translate a lot of articles for the Museum of her native town in Switzerland. She... also teach these languages at school. She is fantastic. I am fascinated by everything that she does.

 

Упражнение 509

 

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя мо-дальные глаголы must, may или сап.

 

1. Можно мне взять вашу книгу? 2.На урокеанглийского языка вы должны говорить только по-английски. 3. Мы должны сегодня сдать тетради? 4. Можно мне задать вам вопрос? — Пожалуйста. 5. Я не могу пойти с вами в кино, так как я очень занят. 6. Можно здесь курить? — Пожалуйста. 7. Он сейчас должен быть в своем кабинете. Вы можете поговорить с ним. 8. Можно войти? — Пожалуйста. 9. Вы должны прочитать этот текст.

10. Может ли он выполнить это задание?

11. Я должен сегодня поговорить со своим другом.

12. Мы должны заплатить за электричество к концу месяца. 13. Эта женщина — прекрасный водитель. Она может водить даже автобус. 14. Можно мне бутерброд с тунцом и чашечку кофе?

 

412     ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ

 

ТО HAVE ТО — ТО BE TO

 

Необходимость

 

ТО HAVE TO —вынужденная необходимость

 

ТО BE TO¹ — необходимость по договоренности, плану или приказу

 

I have to go there. —    I had to go there. —

 

должен (вынужден)      пришлось

 

I am to go there. —       I was to go there. —

 

должен, предстоит,     предстояло

 

(договорились, или

 

такое расписание)

 

Упражнение 510

 

Переведите на русский язык.

 

1. I was to wait for her at the railway station.

 

2. We were to go to the cinema that afternoon.

 

3. We were to get there before the others. 4. He was to tell her where to find us. 5. She was to graduate that year. 6. She was to wear that dress at the graduation party. 7. He is to come here at five o'clock. 8. The train was to leave at 5 am.

 

9. They were to start on Monday. 10. He was to telephone the moment she was out of danger. 11. Roses were to be planted round the pond. 12. There was to be a discussion later on.

 

Модальные глаголы

413

 

Упражнение 511

 

Перефразируйте следующие предложения, упо-требляя модальный глагол to be to.

 

• E.g. 1) The lecture is supposed to begin at eight. The lecture is to begin at eight.

 

2) I expect her to come and help. She is to come and help.

 

3) It was planned that we should wait for them at the door.

 

We were to wait for them at the door.

 

4) It was arranged that he should meet her at the station.

 

He was to meet her at the station.

 

5) Who will take care of the children? Who is to take care of the children?

 

1. What am I supposed to do if they come too early? 2. It was arranged that the youngest children would play on the beach. 3. We expect you to show the place to her. 4. I am expected to leave tomorrow at the latest. 5. Where am I supposed to be taken? 6. This is Dora. It is arranged that she will share the room with you. 7. And who will do the cooking? 8. It is expected that two more apartment houses will be built here. 9. It was arranged that the cup final would be played that afternoon. 10. Who will meet you at the station?

 

 

Упражнение 512

 

Вставьте модальные глаголы to have to или to be to.

 

1. Where... the lecture to take place? — I suppose in the assembly hall. 2. So, our plan is as follows: I... to go to the library and bring.the books.

¹ TO BE может употребляться как модальный глагол толь-

ко в двух временах: Present Simple и Past Simple.

414     ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ

 

You... to look through all the material here. Later we... to work together. 3. "You... to do it alone, without anybody's help," she said sternly. 4. I... to help my friends with this work now, so I cannot go with you. 5. It was raining hard and we... to wait until it stopped raining. 6. I... to ask him about it tomorrow, as today he has already gone. 7. Why didn't you tell me that I... to buy the books? 8. According to the order of the schoolmistress all the pupils... to return the library books before the twenty-third of May. 9. As we had agreed before, we... to meet at two o'clock to go to the stadium together. But Mike did not come. I waited for an-other half hour, but then I... to leave as I was afraid to b