Образуйте имена существительные от следующих глаголов:

       То apply, to arrange, to organize, to invest, to contribute, to secure, to justify, to define, to determine, to protect, to limit, to provide, to develop, to implement, to present.

10. Заполните пропуски, используя слова: economically, improve, principles, influence, rural.

1. People often have economic or political... 2. Measures should be... justified. 3. The government tries to... living conditions of peo­ple. 4. The presentation of the basic... is given.

5. Land use planning is used in... regional development.

Задайте 4 вопроса к тексту.

12. Определите, к какой части речи относятся следующие слова:

       Responsibility, define, political, development, invest, implement, measures, conditions, try, particularly, responsibly, conciliation, rural, support, exact, implementation.

13. Ответьте на следующие вопросы:

1. How is land use planning stated? 2. What is land use planning based on? 3. Does land use consider only production? 4. What cases does land use planning deal with? 5. Do national authorities intervene in land use planning? 6. Is land use planning used in rural regional development? 7. Is land use planned in all cases or not? 8. What func­tions does land use planning have?

 

 

THEME 5

1. Прочитайте и переведите текст:

Documentation of Land Use Planning

       Land use planning is carried out according to decisions of government bodies, local self-management; administrative areas and cities; under the petition of the interested proprietors and land users as well as citizens and legal persons applying for reception of a land site.

       The use of lands strictly to their assignment, the organization of territory of landed properties and land uses, measures for maintenance of steady landscapes and protection of lands are obligatory for all proprie­tors and land users as well as for bodies of government.

       Land use planning is carried out and financed with participation of the parties concerned or their authorized representatives. In land use planning may participate:

       - citizens, enterprises, establishments, organizations, other legal persons being customers of land use planning documentation;

       - developers of land use planning documentation;

       - proprietors and users of land in which territory land use planning is carried out;

       - government bodies, appropriate committees of the Russian Fee oration and the institutions of local government participatingin land use planningactivity according to the competence;

       - proprietors and land users whose land sites adjoin to arranged ter­ritory or are inside it;

       - citizens, public and other persons not owning the sites, whose interests are touched by land use planning actions.

       The customers of land use planning work may be the government bodies, institutions of local government, citizens, state and public en­terprises, organizations, establishments and other legal persons.

       According to the Russian Federation legislation the state guarantees to all participants of land use planning activity irrespective of ownership forms on land and citizenship maintenance of equal rights and interests protected by the law, and the right of the appeal in juridical order of any illegal actions.

THEME 6

1. Прочитайте следующие слова:

       Parcel, data, management, right, purposes, assist, up-to-date, improvement, legal, establishment, location, responsibilities, mortgage, jurisdiction, satellite, implementation, description, supervise.

Прочитайте и переведите следующие словосочетания:

       Different forms, land parcel, equitable taxation, legal purposes, coordinate system, geometric description, land registry, cadastral data, land redistribution, different role, better access, private interests, land disputes, to maintain the equipment.

3. Прочитайте и переведите текст:

What Is Land Cadastre

       A Cadastre is normally a parcel based and up-to-date land information system. It contains a record of interests in land (e.g. rights, restrictions and responsibilities). It usually includes a description of land parcels linked to other records describing the nature of the interests, and ownership or control of those interests. The Cadastre often describes the value of the parcel and its improvements. It may be established for fiscal purposes (e.g. valuation and equitable taxation), legal purposes (conveyancing), to assist in the management of land and land use for planning and other administrative purposes. The Cadastre enables sustainable development and environmental protection. Cadastral reform is concerned with the improvement of cadastral systems.

       The Land Cadastre encompasses such information as land resource capacity, land tenure, land ownership and different land uses. The Сadastre provides:

       - information identifying those people who have interests in parcels of land;

       - information about those interests, e.g. land duration of rights, restrictions and responsibilities;

       - information about the parcel, e.g. location, size, improvement, value.

       Land tenure is concerned with the rights, restrictions and responsi­bilities that people have with respect to the land. The Cadastre may record different forms of land tenure such as ownership, leasehold, easements, mortgages and different types of common, communal or customary land tenure.

       The Surveyor undertakes different roles in different countries in re­lation to the establishment and maintenance of the Cadastre. The Surveyor may be responsible for:

- cadastral surveying and mapping;

- cadastral information recording;

- land valuation;

- land use planning;

- management of both the graphic and textual cadastral data bases;

- resolving land disputes;

       - custody and supply of cadastral information.

       Modern technology, such as up-to-date survey instruments, satellite position fixing (Global Positioning System — GPS), aerial photography and photogrammetry can offer new possibilities to increase the speed and lower the costs for cadastral reform. Computer technology can usually provide better access to information, better manipulation of cadastral data, better quality, and better legal and physical security. To fully utilize modern technology it is important to have trained personnel and facilities to maintain the equipment. Unfortunately this infrastructure is not found in many countries, thereby limiting the use of modern technology.

4. Найдите синонимы среди следующих слов:

Costs, deal, dispute, immediately, exact, transaction, sporadically, modern, ground, accurate, up-to-date, discussion, land, expenses.

5. Найдите антонимы среди следующих слов:

Informal, start, unfortunately, finish, partner, enemy, formal, fortunately.

6. Переведите следующие словосочетания с русского языка на английский:

       Разные страны, правительственные органы, обмен информацией, правовые вопросы, земельная регистрация, различные обстоятельства, организационные структуры, свободно доступный, лучшие манипуляции, новые возможности, систематический подход, перераспределение земли, надежная информация, рынок земли.

7. Переведите следующие предложения с русского языка на английский:

       1.Регистрация земли — это часть кадастровой системы. 2. Ка­дастр — это основное средство обеспечения информации о земле. 3. Землеустроители играют важную роль в различных странах.4. Современный кадастр включает геометрическое описание земельных участков. 5. Специалисты должны проводить оценку земли. 6. Физическая демаркация на земле определяет границ участков.

8. Образуйте причастия настоящего времени от данных ниже глаголов. Составьте предложения, используя эти причастия в различных функциях:

То control, to establish, to improve, to assist, to use, to undertake, to find, to connect, to consider, to make, to promote, to increase, to protect, to allocate, to rely.

9. Переведите предложения на русский язык, определите функцию причастия настоящего времени:

       1. All European countries are working today on the problem of automating land records. 2. This is what is now happening in the most countries. 3. Utilities such as water, sewerage, electricity and telecommunication are becoming more complex. 4. Starting with the most highly urbanized area, the cadastral maps are increasingly being digitized. 5. Soil damaging utilities must not be used. 6. Demands for efficient maintenance and management are increasing. 7. The Cadastre provides information identifying those people who have interests in parcels of land.

10. Заполните пропуски предлогами:

       1. A land use planner undertakes different roles... different countries. 2. Modern technology can offer new possibilities... lower the costs... cadastral reforms. 3. A parcel can be an area... land with a particular type... land use. 4. Land registration is the official recording... legally recognized interests... land. 5. Cadastre helps... avoid duplication.

11. Задайте вопросы к выделенным словам:

       1. A land use planner plays different roles in different countries. 2. A surveyor is responsible for recording cadastral information. 3. Computer technology offers better access to information. 4. Limit of trained personnel restricts the use of modern technology. 5. Aerial photography and photogrammetry offer new possibilities to lower the costs for cadastral reforms.

12. Заполните пропуски, используя глаголы, данные в скобках:

       1. A land use planner... different roles in different countries (to undertake). 2. Modern survey instruments... new possibilities (to offer) 3. The Cadastre... in the management of land and land use (to assist) 4. The Cadastre... different forms of land tenure (to record). 5. A successful Cadastre... reliable information at low cost (to provide).

13. Ответьте на следующие вопросы по тексту:

       1. What is a Cadastre? 2. What role does a land use planner play in different countries? 3. What is a land use planner responsible for? 4. Can computer technology provide better access to information? 5. Is it necessary to make careful investigation for cadastral reforms? 6. What kind of modern technology do you know? 7. Why should the Cadastre be managed by the government? 8. Is Cadastral Reform concerned with the improvement of cadastral systems?

THEME 7

1. Прочитайте следующие слова:

       Institutions, characteristics, title, multipurpose, register, assume, jurisdiction, cause, faulty, public, private, experience, financial, computerization, originally, weakness, flexible, cheap.

2. Прочитайте и переведите следующие словосочетания:

       Vast amount, particular purposes, accurate information, a sustainable basis, modern society, long traditions, faulty registration, public and private sectors, negative effect, civil law system, property registration, low degree of coverage, further indications, legal support.

3. Прочитайте и переведите текст: