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Gerundial and half-gerundial constructions

2019-09-17 1623
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USAGE

EXAMPLES NOTE

GERUNDIAL

1. Noun in the Possesive Case + Gerund I remember John’s telling me that.  

The action is emphasized.

 

2. Possessive Pronoun + Gerund She denies his knowing anything.

HALF-GERUNDIAL

1. Noun in the Common Case + Gerund   There came the sound of the door closing then being locked. Fancy a woman of taste buying a hat. We object to children and women smoking.

1. This construction is common:

a) with inanimate nouns and pronouns that are not used in the Possessive Case.

b) with nouns accompanied by attributed in post position.

c) when the Gerund is preceded by more than one pronoun.

d) when the speaker wants to emphasize the doer of the action.

2. The Construction can’t combine with the verbs to avoid, to defer, to delay, to deny, to enjoy, to postpone, to put off, to risk, to suggest.

2. Personal Pronoun in the Objective case + Gerund It’s no good you hating it.

NOTE 1. In Modern English there is a tendency to use the half-gerundial Construction even with such nous as may be used in the Possessive Case.

NOTE 2. The use of the Objective case of personal pronouns is not so common.

 

FUNCIONS OF GERUNDIAL CONSTRUCTIONS

 

FUNCTION EXAMPLES
COMPLEX SUBJECT Your going there won’t help much.
COMPLEX PREDICATIVE The main thing is our starting early.
COMPLEX OBJECT Do you mind my closing the window?
COMPLEX ATTRIBUTE I hate the idea of her coming.
ADVERBIAL MODIFIERS After your coming it started to rain.

 

RIGHT-HAND COMBINABILITY OF SOME VERBS

(VERB + PREPOSITION + GERUND)

 

Verb + of + Ger. (dis)approve, be on the point, beware, come, complain, consist, despair, dream, make a point, speak, talk, tell, think, accuse, exasperate, remind, suspect, deprive, etc.
Verb + about + Ger. arrange, bother, care, complain, forget, grumble, hesitate, talk, think, tell, worry, have no doubt, squabble, ask, question smb., say smth., etc.
Verb + on + Ger. agree, concentrate, count, decide, insist, plan, reckon, rely, compliment smb., congratulate smb., pride oneself, spend smth., etc.
Verb + in + Ger. believe, trust, consist (=to be equivalent to), delight, end, lose time, persist, result, succeed, take pride, take risks, etc.
Verb + at + Ger. aim, play, scream, etc.
Verb + with + Ger. threaten, charge, amuse smb, etc.
Verb + to + Ger. admit, agree, apply, be up, amount, come, come round, confess, consent, fall, feel up, get, get down, get round, go back, lead, look forward, object, plead guilty, point, accustom smb., attribute smth., limit oneself, reduce smth., restrict smth., etc.
Verb + into + Ger. drop, bamboozle smb., bribe smb., coax smb., deceive smb., frighten smb., hypnotize smb, persuade smb., pester smb., starve smb., talk smb., trap smb., trick smb., etc.
Verb + out of + Ger. argue smb., make an occupation, talk smb., etc.
Verb + from + Ger. abstain, despair, escape, refrain, result, save, shrink, shy away, discourage smb., hinder smb., keep smb., prevent smb., prohibit smb., rescue smb., stop smb., etc.
Verb + for + Ger. account, apologize, atone, find excuses, long, blame smb., bless smb., criticize., excuse smb., forgive smb., honour smb., pardon smb., praise smb., punish smb., reprimand smb., reproach smb., respect smb., reward smb., scold smb., scorn smb., thank smb., etc.
Verb + by + Ger. mean, amuse oneself., oblige smb., etc.
Verb+against+Ger. warn smb., insure smb., etc.

 

RIGHT-HAND COMBINABILITY OF SOME ADJECTIVES

(ADJECTIVE + PREPOSITION + GERUND)

 

Adj. + of + Ger. afraid, ashamed, aware, (in)capable, certain, confident, conscious, fond, guilty, hard, hopeful, ignorant, proud, quick, shy, sick, sure, tired, weary, worthy, independent, irrespective, regardless, etc.
Adj. + about + Ger. angry, careful, concerned, doubtful, excited, happy, hesitant, hopeful, mad, crazy, sad, sensible, thrilled, worried, etc.
Adj. + with + Ger. acquainted, content(ed), heavy, red, satisfied, etc.
Adj. + at + Ger. angry, annoyed, astonished, bad, brilliant, clever, clumsy, delighted, disappointed, excited, expert, good, gratified, hopeless, indignant, pleased, prompt, quick, relieved, shocked, stupid, surprised, etc.
Adj. + in + Ger. busy, careless, experienced, expert, fortunate, happy, interested, justified, late, mistaken, occupied, patient, ready, skilful, slow, wise, successful, temperate, engaged, etc.
Adj. + for + Ger. convenient, eminent, famous, favourable, fit, notorious, remarkable, responsible, sorry, etc.
Adj. + on + Ger. dependent, determined, insistent, intent, keen, mad, etc.  
Adj. + to + Ger. (un)accustomed, averse, close, opposed, preparatory, reluctant, subsequent, used, attached, etc.  
Adj. + from + Ger. different, exempt, etc.  

 

 


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