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Objective infinitive Construction

2019-09-17

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USAGE	EXAMPLES
1. After the verbs of sense perception: to see, watch, observe, notice, hear, feel, smell, etc.	I saw him enter the room.
2. After the verbs of mental activity: to think, expect, know, believe, prefer, feel, imagine, find, etc.	I would prefer you not to complain all the time. I consider John (to be) a good driver.
3 After the verbs of request, order and permission: to ask, beg, beseech, implore, allow, let, suffer, order, cause, etc.	Walter asked him to stay for dinner. For a while she allowed her thoughts to wander. They let us examine the documents. I won’t have you stay here.. The general ordered us to wait. The noise caused her to awaken.
4. After the verbs of wish and intention, liking and disliking: to wish, want, desire, mean, like, dislike, intend, hate, etc.	I want you to translate the text.
5. After the verbs of declaring: to declare, pronounce, report, etc.	They reportedthe boat to have been seen not far away.
6. After the verbs: to wait, rely, listen, etc. (with prepositions)	I rely on you to come in time.

SUBBJECTIVE INFINITIVE CONSTRUCTION

USAGE	EXAMPLES
1. After the verbs of sense perception: to see, watch, observe, notice, hear, feel, smell, etc.	He was heard to mention the matter.
2. After the verbs of mental activity: know, believe, prefer, feel, imagine, find, etc.	He is known to have left for London a week ago.
3 After the verbs of request, order and permission, compulsion: to ask, beg, beseech, implore, allow, let, suffer, order, cause, etc.	He was ordered to go there right away. He was made to translate the text.
4. After the verbs of declaring: to declare, pronounce, report, etc.	He is said to have arrived in London.
5. After some verbs in the Active Voice: to seem, appear, turn out, prove, happen, chance, etc.	He seems to have left for London. It turns out to be raining now. I happened to come across him in the street.
6. After the word-groups: to be likely, to be unlikely, to be certain, to be sure, etc.	It is unlikely to rain soon. He is sure to come soon. You are certain to like it.

FOR-INFINITIVE CONSTRUCTIONS

FUNCTION		EXAMPLES
COMPLEX SUBJECT		For John to say such a thing is nonsense. It would be difficult for him to find words that sounded well. It took three years for the students to read the book.
COMPLEX PREDICATIVE		The only sensible thing was for you to go away. It is not for you to make terms.
COMPLEX OBJECT		They waited for the boy to answer. We longed for the lesson to be over. I think it necessary for the students to learn the Infinitive.
COMPLEX ATTRIBUTE		There are several people for you to consult. The teacher can always find something for you to do.
COMPLEX ADVERBIAL MODIFIER OF	PURPOSE	He opened the door for her to go out.
	RESULT	The bridge was too narrow for the truck to cross. The bridge was wide enough for the bicycle to cross.

FUNCTIONS OF GERUND

FUNCTION		PREPOSITIONS		EXAMPLES
SUBJECT				Translating this text is rather difficult. There’s no avoiding it. It is no use translating this text. The Gerund is not used after “essential”, “important”, “necessary”. “
PREDICATIVE		- / like	My idea is learning English. I don’t feel like going* home.*
PART OF COMPOUND VERBAL ASPECT PREDICATE			He began (kept on, stopped) translating this text.
DIRECT OBJECT		of, at, in, into, on, for, to, etc	We suggest going* to the museum.* She denies having met* us.*
PREPOSITIONAL OBJECT			They insisted on going* to the library.* She was not conscious of having shown* any special interest in grammar.*
ATTRIBUTE		of, about, in, at, for, to	He gave up the idea of going* to Bangladesh.* They entered the reading* hall.*
ADVERBIAL MODIFIERS OF	TIME	after, on, in, at, before	After hesitating* he answered in the affirmative.* The Perfect Gerund is used only if the priority is emphasized. He came back after having been away for twenty years.
	PURPOSE	for, for fear of, for the sake of, for the purpose of	He wants to visit a solicitor for the purpose of making* a new will.*
	CONDITION	without, but for, in case of	He won’t go without saying* good-bye.*
	CAUSE (REASON)	for, through, for fear of, due to, owing to, because of, on account of	Through being left* out all night in the rain the metal rusted.* He felt better for having written* the letter.*
	ATTENDANT CIRCUMSTANCES	instead of, without	He went away instead of working. He arrived without having* once appeared on the stage.*
	CONCESSION	in spite of, despite, notwithstanding	In spite of being* busy she managed to read the novel.*
	MANNER COMPARISON	in, by, without	She spent her evening in reading. The seaside is much better for me than working* in the hot city all summer.*

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