Educational System in Russia

  Russia is the country where the Constitution guarantees everyone’s right to education. This country has a long-standing tradition in high-quality education for all citizens. The Russian educational system may be arranged into four major groups: primary, secondary, higher and postgraduate. As for primary education Russian children go to preschool until they are seven years old, then they are enrolled in elementary school. Secondary education in Russia takes eleven years to complete. At the end of the 9^th form pupils have to take the Unified State Exam. They have to pass Russian and Mathematics. At the age of 14 a pupil obtains a Certificate of Incomplete Secondary Education. Then he or she has to choose one of the following ways to complete secondary education: either continue education for two more years at a secondary school or go to a Vocational school or a College, which usually takes three years to complete. At the end of the 11^th form pupils have to choose 3 or 4 subjects for Unified State Exams and obtain a Certificate of Complete Secondary Education. An excellent score ranges, depending on the subject, from 65 to 90 out of 100. The score of three subjects is the basis of admitting a student to a university. It is good for school leavers that now they don’t have to pass both their final school exams and entrance exams at a university. Students have a chance to apply only for 5 higher education institutions. Higher education in Russia is provided by state and non-state accredited higher education institutions (HEIs). Education in state HEIs is not completely free of charge. In non-state HEIs all students must pay tuition fees. Higher education is under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation. The standard of higher education in Russia is considered to be one of the best in the world with advanced and sophisticated teaching methods and scientific approaches. Due to the globalization of the world educational system, the system of education in Russia began the transition to the Bologna process. According to this system higher education in European countries is to be organised in such a way that it is easy to move from one country to another for the purpose of further study or employment. Russian universities provide different degrees: the degree of Specialist, the degree of Bachelor and the degree of Master. The degree of Specialist can be obtained after completing 5–6 years of studies, the degree of Bachelor can be received after 4 years and the degree of Master can be earned during another 1–2 years of studies. It is worth mentioning that Specialists and Masters are eligible for post-graduate courses (Aspirantura), but Bachelors are not.

 

Задание 1. Прочитайте текст и разбейте его на абзацы.

Задание 2. Выделите основную идею текста и запишите ее на английском языке.

Задание 3. Прочитайте следующие предложения и скажите, какое предложение не соответствует информации в тексте.

1. Secondary education in Russia takes ten years to complete.

2. It is worth mentioning that Bachelors  are eligible for post-graduate courses (Aspirantura).

3. Higher education is under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation

4. In non-state HEIs all students get higher education free of charge.

5. At the age of 17 a pupil obtains a Certificate of Incomplete Secondary Education.

6. The system of education in Russia began the transition to the Bologna process.

7. The score of three subjects is the basis of admitting a student to a university.

Задание 4. Переведите следующие выражения на английский язык.

плата за обучение

последипломный

вступительный экзамен

Вечерний факультет

Факультет довузовской подготовки

Задание 5. Переведите следующие предложения на английский язык.

1.   За последние 10 лет система российского образования претерпела значительные изменения

2 Срок получения высшего образования зависит от выбранного уровня.

 3. Бакалавр – это выпускник вуза, который учился в вузе всего 4 года.

4. Российское высшее образование предоставляет возможность доступа к самым современным лабораториям и научно-техническим центрам.

5. Современное высшее профессиональное образование России представляет многоуровневую систему

6. Обучение в российских университетах ведется на русском языке.

7. По окончании учебы в Университетах выпускники получают дипломы российского государственного образца, свидетельствующие о получении высшего образования с указанием степени/квалификации («Бакалавр наук», «Магистр наук», «Специалист/Инженер-специалист») и специальности

Задание 6. Прочитайте смысловой кусок и передайте его содержание одним предложением.

Education in Russia is provided predominantly by the state and is regulated by the Ministry of Education and Science. Regional authorities regulate education within their jurisdictions within the prevailing framework of federal laws. Over the last ten years, the system of higher education has undergone considerable change in the following areas. Nevertheless the Russian higher education system remains relatively centralized. Many private institutions are established by individuals or businesses, but others are closely linked to central governmental structures.

Задание 7. Прочитайте текст во второй раз и ответьте на следующие вопрос ы.

1. How is the Russian educational system arranged?

2. Where do Russian children get primary education?

3. How long does secondary education last?

4. What are the ways to complete secondary education?

5. What is a Certificate of Complete Secondary Education?

6. What did they have to pass at the end of the 11^th form?

7. Why did the system of education begin to change in Russia?

8. How is higher education in European countries organised?

9. What degrees are provided by Russian universities?

10. Who is eligible for post-graduate courses?

Задание 8. Опираясь на информацию текста, сделайте краткое сообщение по теме " Система Образования в России".

Задание 9. Назовите дополнительную информацию к предложенной теме, не указанную в тексте.

Задание 10. Составьте аннотацию к тексту.

Задание 11. Просмотрев учебную презентацию по заданной теме, подготовьте свою презентацию, продолжительностью не более пяти минут, целью которой является рассказать об одном из ВУЗов Лиги Плюща.

III

Текст 3. – Система образования в Великобритании.

Грамматика – Имя Прилагательное. Наречие.

Словообразование - слова интернационального значения.

Словарь к теме.

Education in Great Britain

Задание 1. Найдите перевод этих слов в словаре и запишите их с переводом в тетрадь.

recent

сompulsory

abilities

comprehensive

 denote

self-governing 

independent 

obtaining

 further

assessment  

term

Задание 2. Запишите и запомните следующие словосочетания и их перевод:

Educational Reform Act - Закон о реформе образования

 National Curriculum - всеобщая программа обучения

General Certificate of Secondary Education - аттестат о среднем образовании

General Certificate of Education Advanced Level exam -экзамен на аттестат зрелости

Certificate of Pre-Vocational Education -диплом о начальном профессиональном образовании

Bachelor of Arts - бакалавр гуманитарных наук

Bachelor of Science- бакалавр естественных наук

sandwich course -комбинированное обучение, сочетание общеобразовательного и 

                        профессионального обучения с работой на производстве

self-governing - самоуправляющийся, автономный

Задание 3. Прослушайте и повторите за диктором произношение новых слов, пользуясь сетевым словарем (См. Приложение). 6

Задание 4. Запишите слова и подберите синонимы к ним.

 Well-known, common, relevant, initial, independent.

Задание 5. Запишите слова и подберите антонимы к ним.

Recent, long, wide, oldest, near, top. 

Задание 6. Переведите следующие слова. Почему их можно перевести без словаря?

Training, history, national, reform, examination, courses, period.

Задание 7. Изучите грамматический раздел модуля по теме " Имя прилагательное.  Наречия. ". (ТЕМА 2 Приложение 5)

Задание 8. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык.

1. There have been many changes in the British system of education in the recent years.

2. The education system in the UK is divided into four main parts: primary education, secondary education, further education and higher education.

3. Students who are admitted to English universities take part in ‘undergraduate studies’ which leads to a bachelor’s degree in a main field of study known as a ‘major’.

4. Graduate study, conducted after obtaining an initial degree, leads to a more advanced Master’s degree.

5. These universities denote an elite education

6. English universities greatly differ from each other.

7. However, good exam passes alone are not enough. Universities choose their students after interviews.

Задание 9. Составьте пять вопросов к данному предложению.

Taking a sandwich course may make the degree last a year longer than otherwise.

 

Text 3

Education in Great Britain

The British system of education has a very long history, but in the recent years there have been many changes in it. Now the Educational Reform Act has led to a compulsory National Curriculum for pupils aged 5 to 16 in state schools. It consists of English, Mathematics, Science, History, Geography and some other subjects. The Act also aims to give parents a wide choice of schools for their children. Non-selective comprehensive education is available for children of all abilities, though 7% of children attend private fee-paying schools, called public schools. The well-known ones are Eton and Harrow. The education system in the UK is divided into four main parts: primary education, secondary education, further education and higher education. Children in the UK have to attend primary and secondary education which runs from about 5 years old till the student is 16. School starts in September and finishes in late July. There are 3 terms, a two-week break between terms and 6 weeks summer holidays. The most important examination is the assessment at the age of 16 which is called GCSE or General Certificate of Secondary Education. Once students get their GCSEs, they have the choice whether to go to further education or go into the working world. Pupils can continue studying for two more years, concentrating on three main subjects, and then at 18 they take the General Certificate of Education Advanced Level exams. There is also a Certificate of Pre-Vocational Education, for those staying at school from 16 till 17. Further education (FE) is the term used to describe education and training that take place after the school-leaving age of sixteen. FE takes place in colleges, of which there are over 600 spread across the UK. These colleges provide education and training services for the whole of the community that they are part of. They will also run courses for people who are in work and wish to continue their training. Students who are admitted to English universities take part in ‘undergraduate studies’ which leads to a bachelor’s degree in a main field of study known as a ‘major’. The most common degrees are Bachelor of Arts (BA) and Bachelor of Science (BSc), although there are others. There are also sandwich courses which offer students work places for a short period of time in a relevant industry before completing their studies. Taking a sandwich course may make the degree last a year longer than otherwise. Graduate study, conducted after obtaining an initial degree, leads to a more advanced Master’s degree. The Oxbridge universities (Oxford University and Cambridge University), which are amongst the world's oldest universities, are generally ranked at or near the top of all UK universities. These universities denote an elite education. They consist of a number of colleges, each self-governing and independent.

Задание 1. Прочитайте текст и разбейте его на абзацы.

Задание 2. Выделите основную идею текста и запишите ее на английском языке.

Задание 3. Прочитайте следующие предложения и назовите, какие предложения не соответствует информации в тексте.

1. The Oxbridge universitiesdenote an elite education/

2. Further education (FE) is the term used to describe education that take place after the graduation.

3. Graduate study, conducted after obtaining an initial degree, leads to a more advanced PhDs degree. 

4. The education system in the UK is divided into four main parts: primary education, secondary education, further education and higher education.

5. At the age of 16 they take the General Certificate of Education Advanced Level exams.

6. There are also sandwich courses which offer students work places for a short period of time in a relevant industry before completing their studies.

7. The most common degrees are Bachelor of Arts (BA) and Bachelor of Science (BSc),

Задание 4. Переведите следующие предложения на английский язык.

1. Программы высшего образования Британии, в основной массе, эквивалентны российским программам высшего образования – бакалавриату, магистратуре и аспирантуре.

2. В отличие от России, срок обучения на большинстве британских программ бакалаврской подготовки – 3 года.

3. Срок обучения на большинстве магистерских программ – 1 год,

4. С дипломом бакалавра или специалиста, выданным российским или вузом другой страной СНГ, можно поступать на магистерские программы британских университетов.

5. Британские ученики, закончившие среднюю школу и планирующие получение первого высшего образования, проходят двухгодичные программы подготовки к поступлению в университеты.

6. Стоимость высшего образования в Великобритании является самой высокой в Европе.

Задание 5. Прочитайте смысловой кусок и передайте его содержание одним предложением.

 The Oxbridge universities (Oxford University and Cambridge University), which are amongst the world's oldest universities, are generally ranked at or near the top of all UK universities. These universities denote an elite education. They consist of a number of colleges, each self-governing and independent.

Задание 6. Прочитайте текст во второй раз и ответьте на следующие вопросы.

1. What has the Educational Reform Act in the UK led to?

2. What is a National Curriculum?

3. How many children attend private fee-paying schools?

4. What is the education system in the UK divided into?

5. At what age do children have to attend school in Britain?

6. When does school start in Britain?

7. What is GCSE?

8. Where does FE take place?

9. What degrees can students getat a university?

10. What is a sandwich course?

Задание 7. Опираясь на информацию текста, сделайте краткое сообщение по теме "Высшее образование в Великобритании".

Задание 8. Назовите дополнительную информацию к предложенной теме, не указанную в тексте.

Задание 9. Составьте аннотацию к тексту.

Задание 10. Проанализируйте системы высшего образования трех разных стран выделите главные элементы, основные положения занесите в таблицу:

The Russian Federation	The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	The USA

 

ТЕМА 2 ПРИЛОЖЕНИЕ 1

ЗАДАНИЯ ПО ФОРМИРОВАНИЮ КОМПЕТЕНЦИЙ

       Этап процесса формирования ОК – 1 (владеть культурой мышления, анализировать и воспринимать информацию, использовать знание иностранного языка в профессиональной деятельности),  ОК - 14 (владеть иностранным языком на уровне не ниже разговорного, использовать знание иностранного языка в профессиональной деятельности), ПК-5 (уметьвести диалоги. Владеть приемами убеждения) и ПК-9 (уметь устанавливать, поддерживать и развивать межличностные отношения,владеть культурой мышления) сводится к тренингу грамматических единиц и подготовке презентаций и публичных выступлений по заданной теме на примере учебных презентаций, разработанных преподавателями кафедры.       

Грамматический тренинг

Задания выполняются в виде тренировочного теста и являются формой текущего контроля.

Тесты для текущего контроля даны в ОКП модуля

1. Выберите правильный вариант ответа

1. The most important feature of the UK education is a comparatively … central control.

a) little            

b) a little       

c) less             

d) small

 

2. School-leavers in Russia can apply only for five … education institutions.

a) higher                    

b)high       

c) highest                   

d) the highest

Лексический тренинг

Задание 1.1 Изучите приложение 6, раздел II -."Методические указания к проведению презентации". Просмотрев учебную презентацию по заданной теме, подготовьте свою презентацию, продолжительностью не более пяти минут, целью которой является описать преимущества и недостатки систем образования одной из англоговорящих стран.

Задание 2.2. Просмотрев учебную презентацию по заданной теме, подготовьте свою презентацию, продолжительностью не более пяти минут, целью которой является рассказать об одном из ВУЗов Лиги Плюща.

Задание 2.3. Проанализируйте системы высшего образования трех разных стран выделите главные элементы, основные положения занесите в таблицу:

The Russian Federation	The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	The USA

 

ТЕМА 2 ПРИЛОЖЕНИЕ 2

VOCABULARY

overestimate	переоценить
consist of	состоять, быть составленным из (чего-л., кого-л.)
recent	недавний, последний;
inseparably	неотделимо; неразрывно; нераздельно
comprise	включать; заключать в себе, содержать
scientific	научный
constant	постоянный, неизменный
rapid	быстрый, скорый, стремительный
requirements	требования
implementation	выполнение, исполнение, осуществление
though	-хотя, несмотря на
respect	уважать
relationships	отношения
federal state higher educational institution	Федеральное государственное высшее учебное образовательное учреждение
citizen	гражданин
inseparably	неотделимо; неразрывно; нераздельно
enroll	вносить в список
graduates	выпускник университета
on the command of	по приказу
elementary school	начальная школа
obtain	получить
admit	признавать, допускать, принимать в члены
entrance exam	вступительный экзамен
higher education institutions (HEIs)	высшее учебное заведение (вуз)
free of charge	бесплатно
transition	переход
tuition fee	плата за обучение
employment	занятость
approach	подход, метод
sophisticated	современный, передовой
Bachelor	бакалавр
Master	магистр
eligible	имеющий право, подходящий
post-graduate	последипломный
overestimate	переоценить
Institute of Rail Operation and Information Technologies	Институт управления и информационных технологий
Part-Time Faculty	Вечерний факультет
apply innovative programmes	Применять/использовать инновационные программы
Pre-University Training Faculty	Факультет довузовской подготовки
requirement	требование
though	хотя
implementation	реализация
tutorial	урок, семинар
disposal	распоряжение (иметь в распоряжении)
Educational Reform Act	Закон о реформе образования
compulsory	обязательный
National Curriculum	всеобщая программа обучения
comprehensive	полный, широкий, комплексный
further education	профессиональное образование (от 16 лет)
General Certificate of Secondary Education	аттестат о среднем образовании
General Certificate of Education Advanced Level exam	экзамен на аттестат зрелости
Certificate of Pre-Vocational Education	диплом о начальном профессиональном образовании
Bachelor of Arts	бакалавр гуманитарных наук
Bachelor of Science	бакалавр естественных наук
sandwich course	комбинированное обучение, сочетание общеобразовательного и профессионального обучения с работой на производстве
self-governing	самоуправляющийся, автономный
independent	независимый,обладающий самоуправлением, автономный
further	дальнейший,
assessment	оценка,
obtaining	получение, достижение; приобретение
denote	вызывать, указывать, показывать
liberal arts college	Гуманитарный колледж
community college	муниципальный колледж, техникум
vouch	поручиться, подтвердить
admission	доступ, вход, прием
abilities	умение (что-л. делать) способность
Term	семестр
GPA – Grade Point Average	средний академический балл
Bachelor of Fine Arts	бакалавр изобразительный искусств
Bachelor of Social Work	бакалавр в области социальной помощи
Bachelor of engineering	бакалавр технических наук
Bachelor of Philosophy	бакалавр философии
Bachelor of Architecture	бакалавр архитектуры
pursue	преследовать цель
PhD - Doctor of Philosophy	доктор наук
Ivy League	Лига Плюща – привилегированные университеты северо-востока США
affiliate	присоединять, объединять

ТЕМА 2 ПРИЛОЖЕНИЕ 3

Abbreviations

HEIs	higher education institutions	высшее учебное заведение (вуз)
ERA	Educational Reform Act	Закон о реформе образования
GPA	Grade Point Average	средний академический балл
PhD	Doctor of Philosophy	доктор наук

ТЕМА 2 ПРИЛОЖЕНИЕ 4

I. Самостоятельная работа студента.

1. Ознакомьтесь с содержанием данного текстового материала и ответьте на следующие вопросы:

1. What information in the text was new for you?

2. Is this material actual and up-to-date? Give your comments.

3. Why do you think that it is important for a student to know additional material?

Higher education in the USA

"Higher education" in the United States refers to all formal education beyond the secondary level. The United States does not have a national university system but rather many private and public institutions, each with differing academic regulations, calendars, departmental structures, and course offerings.

According to UNESCO the USA has the second largest number of higher education institutions in the world. According to the Webometrics Ranking of the World Universities the main 103 US universities are in the Top 200.

Public universities, private universities, liberal arts colleges, and community colleges all have a significant role in the United States` higher education. The American university system is largely decentralized. In the United States, the term college is frequently used to refer to stand-alone higher level education institutions as well as to the components within a university. American universities have developed independent accreditation organisations to vouch for the quality of the degrees they offer. The accreditation agencies rate universities and colleges on criteria such as academic quality - the quality of their libraries, the publishing records of their faculty, and the degrees which their faculty holds.

  Universities are research-oriented institutions which provide both undergraduate and graduate education. Colleges and universities in the USA vary in terms of goals: some may emphasize a vocational, business, engineering, or technical curriculum while others may offer a liberal arts curriculum. Many combine some or all of the above.

The majority of public universities are operated by the states and territories. Each state supports at least one state university and several support many more. There exist many private universities as well and some of them are involved in religious education.

  Tuition is charged at almost all American universities, except the five federally-sponsored service academies and a few institutions. Public universities often have much lower tuition than private universities because of the funds provided by state governments and residents of the state. Students often use scholarships, student loans, or grants, rather than paying all tuition out-of-pocket.

Students traditionally apply to receive admission into college, with varying difficulties of entrance. Admission criteria involve grades earned in high school courses taken, the students' GPA class ranking, and standardized test scores. Students can apply for some colleges using the Common Application. There is no limit to the number of colleges or universities to which a student may apply, though an application must be submitted for each. Some students, rather than being rejected, are "wait-listed" for a particular college and may be admitted if another student who was admitted decides not to attend the college or university.

Once admitted, students engage in undergraduate study, which consists of four years of study leading to a Bachelor of Arts (B.A.) or to a Bachelor of Science (B.S.) degree, though there are others. Thus students sometimes can get Bachelor of Fine Arts (B.F.A.), a Bachelor of Social Work (B.S.W.), a Bachelor of engineering (B.Eng.,) or a Bachelor of Philosophy (B.Phil.) degree. Five-Year Professional Architecture programmes offer a Bachelor of Architecture degree (B.Arch.)

Degrees in law and medicine are not offered at the undergraduate level and are completed as graduate study. Graduate programmes grant a variety of master's degrees - such as a Master of Arts (M.A.), a Master of Science (M.S.), a Master of Business Administration (M.B.A.), or a Master of Fine Arts (M.F.A.) In the USA a Master's degree is a postgraduate academic degree awarded after the completion of an academic programme of one to six years in duration.

Students who want to advance their education even further in a specific field can pursue a doctorate degree, also called a PhD. A PhD degree can take between three to six years to complete, depending on the course of study chosen, the ability of the student, and the thesis that the student has selected.

Some universities have professional schools, which are attended primarily by those who plan to be practitioners instead of academics (scholars/researchers). Examples include journalism school, business school, medical, law, veterinary and dental schools.

The Ivy League

The Ivy League is the name generally applied to eight universities (Brown, Columbia, Cornell, Dartmouth, Harvard, Pennsylvania, Princeton, and Yale) that over the years have had common interests in scholarship as well as in athletics. The Ivy League schools are often viewed by the public as some of the most prestigious universities worldwide and are often ranked amongst the best universities in the United States and in the world. 

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