VI. Прочитайте текст А и выполните упражнения после текста.

Canada

Canada covers all of the North American continent to the North of the USA except Alaska and the small French islands of St. Pierre and Miquelon near the Atlantic coast. Canada is washed by three oceans: the Atlantic, the Pacific and the Arctic. The population of Canada is about 26 million people. The country occupies the territory of 9976 thousand square kilometers. The capital of Canada is Ottawa with the population of more than 300 thousand people.

Canadians are the nation composed of two linguistic and cultural groups: French and English. That^’s why two official languages of Canada are English and French.

Canada shares with the USA four of the five Great Lakes. The most admirable sight which attracts tourists from all over the world is the Niagara Falls.

All parts of the country have cold weather in winter. The winter in Canada lasts from 4 to 5 months with heavy snowfalls. It rains more in the east and west than in Central Canada.

Canada is a federal state. The official head of the stale is the Queen of Canada, represented in Canada by the Governor-General.

Canada has a parliament. The Canadian Parliament is made up of the House of Commons and the Senate.

Despite its small population Canada is a great industrial country and manufacturing is the foremost sector of its economy. Canada is an important producer of oil, gas, pulp, paper and electricity from hydroelectric stations. The main industries are food "and beverages, transport equipment, textiles, clothing and machinery. Agriculture is also very important for Canadian economy. Canada traditionally exports wheat, oats, sugar beet, soy beans, tobacco, and potatoes.

Canada's largest cities are Vancouver, Edmonton, Regina, Winnipeg, Calgary, Toronto, Hamilton, Ottawa, Montreal, Quebec and Halifax. The main ports are Vancouver, Toronto, Hamilton, Montreal, Quebec and Halifax. All the main cities are situated in the south of the country near the USA border.

 

Задание 1. Задайте вопросы на английском языке и ответьте на них

 

1. Где расположена Канада?

2. Какие языки являются официальными в Канаде?

3. Что вы можете сказать о климате Канады?

4. Какие самые большие города в Канаде Вы знаете?

5. Какие отрасли промышленности являются самыми важными для канадской экономики?

 

Задание 2. Перескажите текст, опираясь на заданные вопросы, как на пункты плана.

VII. Переведите текст B с английского языка на русский и ответьте на вопросы.

 

Reciprocating Engine Parts.

The engines used in tractor are of reciprocating type. Reciprocating parts slide against confining walls or surface such as the cylinder walls.

 

Piston. Piston rings. The piston is round and cylindrical. It is usually attached to the crankshaft by a rod which leaves it free to move back and forth or up and down in the cylinder. The bearings stop the piston twice for each revolution of the crankshaft. The engine piston is made of cast iron or an alloy of aluminum. The piston of the engine is made to move back and forth in the cylinder owing to the explosion of the fuel mixture. This back-and-forth movement of the piston is transmitted through the connecting rod and crankshaft to the belt pulley, and thus power is generated.

In order that the piston may not leak gases between it and the cylinder walls it is provided with rings. These rings are usually of cast iron and fit closely into grooves about the piston. The function of the piston rings is to retain compression and, at the same time, reduce the cylinder-wall and piston-wall contact area to a minimum.

Piston rings are classed as compression rings and oil rings. The rings toward the crank end of the piston are called oil-control rings. The head end of the piston is fitted with smooth rings whose purpose is to confine the gases to the combustion chamber and to conduct heat from the hot piston to the colder cylinder wall.

 

Piston pin. The function of the piston pin is to connect the connecting rod to the piston and, at the same time, provide a flexible connection between the two.

 

Вопросы к тексту В. Переведите на русский язык и ответьте на данные вопросы?

 

1. What engine type is used in tractors?

2. What is the piston?

3. What is it provided with?

4. What is the function of the piston rings?

5. How are they classed?

6. What is the function of the piston pin?