On 2 October 1452 at Fotheringhay Castle in Northamptonshire,

The 11th of the 12 children

Of

Richard, Duke of York,

And

Cecily Neville,

And the youngest to survive infancy.

[ из 12 детей выжили в взрослые только 2 брата - Ричард младший из них двух ]

[ в то время в Англии была "Война Роз", борьба за власть в королевстве ]

His childhood coincided with the beginning of what has traditionally been labelled the

'Wars of the Roses', a period of political instability and periodic open civil war in England during the second half of the 15 th century,

Between the Yorkists, who supported Richard's father (a potential claimant to the throne of King Henry VI from birth),  and opposed the regime of Henry VI and his wife, Margaret of Anjou,  and the Lancastrians, who were loyal to the crown.

 In 1459, his father and the Yorkists were forced to flee England,

Where upon Richard and his older brother George were placed in the custody of their aunt the Duchess of Buckingham, and possibly of the Archbishop of Canterbury.

[ Ричард и его старший брат были арестованы и помещены под арест в Герцогстве Букингхеме, вероятно Архиепископом Кентоберийским ]

When their father and elder brother Edmund, Earl of Rutland, were killed at the Battle of Wakefield on 30 December 1460,

[ Отец и старший брат Эдмунд, Град Ратленд, были убиты в бою в Вейкфилде

30 декабря 1460 года. ]

[ Ричард и Джордж были высланы матерью с Англии, вернулись к битве за Таутон на стороне Ланкаширцев, затем была коронация страшего брата Ричарда как Короля Эдварда IV на 28 июня 1461 года ].

Richard and George were sent by their mother to the Low Countries.

They returned to England following the defeat of the Lancastrians at the Battle of Towton.

They participated in the coronation of Richard's eldest brother as

King Edward IV on 28 June 1461,

When Richard was named Duke of Gloucester and made both a Knight of the Garter and a Knight of the Bath.

Edward appointed him the sole Commissioner of Array

For the Western Counties in 1464 when he was 11.

By the age of 17, he had an independent command.

The ruins of the 12 th-century castle at Middleham in Wensleydale where Richard was raised

Richard spent several years during his childhood at Middleham Castle in Wensleydale, Yorkshire, under the tutelage of his cousin the Earl of Warwick, later known as 'the Kingmaker' because of his role in the Wars of the Roses.

Warwick supervised Richard's training as a knight; in the autumn of 1465 Edward IV granted Warwick £1000 for the expenses of his younger brother's tutelage.

With some interruptions, Richard stayed at Middleham either from late 1461 until early 1465, when he was 12 or from 1465 until his coming of age in 1468, when he turned 16.

While at Warwick's estate, it is likely that he met both Francis Lovell,

Who would be his firm supporter later in his life,

And Warwick's younger daughter, his future wife Anne Neville.

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Anne Neville

(11 June 1456 – 16 March 1485)

Queen consort of England

Tenure 26 June 1483 – 16 March 1485

Coronation    6 July 1483

Anne Neville (11 June 1456 – 16 March 1485) was an English queen, the younger of the two daughters and co-heiresses of Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick (the "Kingmaker"). She became Princess of Wales as the wife of Edward of Westminster (only son and heir apparent of King Henry VI) and then Queen of England as the wife of King Richard III.

As a member of the powerful House of Neville, she played a critical part in the Wars of the Roses fought between the House of York and House of Lancaster for the English crown.

Her father Warwick betrothed her as a girl to Edward, Prince of Wales, the son of Henry VI.

The marriage was to seal an alliance to the House of Lancaster and halt the civil war between the two houses of Lancaster and York.

After the death of Prince Edward, she married Richard, Duke of Gloucester, younger brother of King Edward IV and of George, Duke of Clarence, the husband of Anne's elder sister Isabel Neville.

Anne became queen

When Richard III ascended the throne in June 1483,

Following the declaration that

Edward IV's children by Elizabeth Woodville

Were illegitimate.

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 Anne Neville predeceased her husband by 5 months, dying in March 1485.

Her only child was Edward of Middleham, who predeceased her."

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"Edward of Middleham died suddenly in April 1484 at Sheriff Hutton, while his parents were in Nottingham on their way to visit him. Both Richard and Anne were overwhelmed with grief at this news. Anne was particularly heartbroken, and she fell gravely ill only a few months later."

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