Category of determination/indetermination

Central area: main part of language, set of linguistic units common to all sublanguages; place around centre of circle enclosing national language; place where all ellipses, representing sublanguages, intersect

Central field: *Central area

Chain-repetition: noticeable recurrence of Anadiplosis (see)

Chiasmus: Reversed parallel construction

Circumlocution: see Periphrasis

Clarifier: see Specifier

Climax: Gradation

Cockney

Code: system of signs, originally criptographic (i.e. aiming at secrecy), at present language is also regarded as one. See Decoding

Cognition: action (or faculty) of acquiring knowledge; adj.

Cognitive

Colloquialism, -ist, -is tics

Competence (linguistic or lingual C.)

Composition

Concept: Notion: general idea

Connotation: part of meaning of linguistic unit, expressing its stylistic value

Constitution

Contrast

Conventional: 1) used traditionally; 2) accepted temporarily by common concent Convergence: see Amplification

Conversion

Co-occurrence: stylistically significant interrelation of two ormore units, adjacent or isolated (but still felt as correlative)

Co-referential: naming identical referent each

Cultivated speech

D

Dactyl

Decoding: process of deciphering any verbal message; requires mental effort. 'Minimal decoding' (M. Riff aterre's term) is observed in perceiving messages of predictable form and content

Defeated expectancy: factor reinforcing effect achieved by stylistic device — recipient had anticipated anything but what was actually said

Definition

Degradation

Denisen: completely naturalized borrowing

Denomination: 1) act of naming; 2) name

Denotation: notional (lexical) meaning of word (phrase, etc.) as opposed to its stylistic appurtenance

Depersonalization

Derivation

Derogatory

Detachment

Dialect (territorial, social)

Dimeter

Diphthong

Discourse: Monologue: coherent se­quence of utterances (speech as purposeful social action)

Distribution

Disyllabic

Dominant, stylistic: see S. dominant

Double rhymes: see Female rhymes

Down toner: word (phrase) weakening expressive force of its sur­roundings

Dysphemism: rough, derogatory denomination (as opposed to Eu­phemism — see)

E

Editorial: Leader: newspaper article expressing editor's viewpoint 169-170

Element

Elevated words

Elevation

Ellipsis

Elliptical, adj. from Ellipsis

Emotional colouring: part(s) of semantic structure of linguistic unit, implying subjective evaluation, and, hence, speaker's emotion

Emotive means: lingual devices expressing emotion

Emphasis

Empty cells

Epanalepsis: see Anadiplosis

Epiphora

Epithet

Euphemism: mild or vague expression instead of harsh or blunt one

Euphony: totality of devices improving phonetic aspect of texts

Euphuistic style

Everyday speech: term sometimes used instead of 'colloquial speech¹

Excess of syntactical elements: Redundancy

Explication: redundancy of form (one of the two fundamental deviations from what is optimum variety; see Implication)

Exposition: introductory part of text making reader acquainted with events prior to those described in work of fiction

Expressive means: devices serving to strengthen communicative effects of speech (text); opposed by some scholars to term 'image-creating means' (such as tropes or simile)

Expressive stylistics: branch of stylistics having only expressive devices for its object ('image-creating means' included)

Extra verbal: expressed by other means than words

Eye-rhymes

F

Female rhymes: Feminine rhymes: Double rhymes: those with last syllable unstressed — duty-beauty

Figures of speech: 1. Stylistic devices of whatever kind, including tropes (*^<renamings', otherwise called *F. of replacement', either *quatititative, оr *qualltative). 2. Stylistic devices based on interrelation of meanings in sequences of linguistic units (see further: *F. of co-occurrence, manifesting identity, 'ine­quality', or 'contrast')

*F. of contrast: those based on opposition (incompatibility) of co-occurring notions

*F. of co-occurrence: stylistic devices based on interrelations of two or more units of meaning actually following one another

*F. of identity: co-occurrence of synonymous or similar notions

*F. of inequality: those based on differentiation of co-occurrent notions

*F. of quality: renamings based on radical, qualitative difference between notion named and notion meant

*F. of quantity: renamings based on only quantitative difference between traditional names and those actually used

*F. of replacement: Tropes: 'renamings', i.e. replacing traditional names by situational ones

Foot

Foreign words

Formal intercourse

Four-letter words

Framing

Free verse

G

Gender

Gradation: see Climax

Graph on: intentional mis-spelling to shour mispronunciation

 

Н

Headlinese

Heroic couplet

Hesitation forms: interjections and inarticular sounds well, er, hm uttered while searching for words

Hexameter

High-flown: extremely elevated

* Homofunctional: performing identical (or similar, parallel) syntactical function

Hyperbole: Overstatement

Hyper characterization

Hypermetric

Hyperonim: name of generic notion

Hypometric

Hyponim: name of specific notion

 

 

I

Iambus

Identical assertion: Tautology disguised

* Idiolect: language, or any sublanguage of individual speaker (writer)

Imaginative prose

Implication

* Indefinite stylistic value: Neutrality

Individual style

Inequality: see Figures of Inequality

Inner speech: talking to oneself (mentally)

Intensification

Intensifier: any device to reinforce expression (mostly applied to words like very, extremely, etc.)

Intention: communicative or stylistic purpose

Intonation

Inversion

Irony

Irradiation

J

Jargon

Journalese: Newspaperese

К

Key-word: word (phrase) by which quotation alluded to is guessable

L

Label

Language as a system

Learned words: see Bookish words

Level: Tier

Lexical recurrence

*Lexical vulgarism