Образуйте множественное число существительных.

Example: flower – flowers, boat – boats

1) language - ……………….

2) watch ……………………

3) country ………………….

4) knife …………………….

5) woman ………………….

6) foot ……………………..

7) person ……………………

8) holiday…………………..

9) city ……………………...

10) family …………………..

2. Вставьте нужное слово: a/an or some

1. I read a newspaper, whole some letters and listened to some music.

2. I need ……. money. I want to buy ……. food.

3. We met ……interesting people at the party.

4. I’m going to open …….window to get …….fresh air.

5. She didn’t eat much for lunch – only …….apple and …….bread.

6. We live in …….big house. There’s ….nice garden with …….beautiful trees.

7. I’m going to make …….table. First, I need …….wood.

8. We talked to her and she gave us …….very good advice.

9. I want to write …….letter. I need …….pen and …….paper.

10. We had …….nice weather when we were on holiday.

Переведите словосочетания на английский язык.

1. Кусок мыла

2. Лист бумаги

3. Музыкальное произведение

4. Порезанный сыр

5. Кусочек масла

6. Ломтик хлеба

7. Буханка хлеба

8. Миска супа

9. Банка подсолнечного масла

10. Бутылка молока

11. Тюбик зубной пасты

12. Предмет мебели

Поставьте существительные в предложениях во множественное число, обратите внимание на форму глагола.

1. This is a star. 2. This is a boy. 3. This is a baby. 4. That is a plate. 5. That is a flower. 6. That is a bookshelf. 7. Is this a sofa? 8. Is this a bookcase? 9. Is this a man? 10. Is that a ball? 11. Is that a train? 12. Is that a plane? 13. Is the window open? 14. Is the door closed? 15. Is the boy near the window? 16. That is not a king, 17. That is not a queen. 18. That is not a bus. 19. This isn't a mountain. 20. That isn't a goose. 21. This isn't a mouse. 22. It is a sheep. 23. It is a cigarette. 24. It is a cat. 25. It is not a girl. 26. It isn't a bag. 27. It isn't a tree. 28. It is not a bad egg. 29. It is a good egg. 30. Is that a flower?

Review

1. Подберите существи­тельные женского рода к следующим словам.

A lion, a tiger, an actor, a poet, a man, an un­cle, a husband, a brother, a grandfather, a son, a master, a baron, a count, a shepherd, a host.

2. Подберите существи­тельные мужского рода к следующим словам.

lady, a girl, a niece, Mrs. Smith, a widow, a stewardess, a French woman, a cow, a queen, a princess, a duchess, a hen, a mother.

3. Поставьте существитель­ные во множественное число, обращая внимание на артикли.

A star, a mountain, a tree, a shilling, a king, the waiter, the queen, a man, the man, a woman, the woman, an eye, a shelf, a box, the city, a boy, a goose, the watch, a mouse, a dress, a toy, the sheep, a tooth, a child, the ox, a deer, the life, a tomato.

Переведите следующие предложения на английский язык.

1. Мне нужны новые носки.

2. В поле много овец.

3. Они очень приятые люди.

4. Полиция уже идет.

5. Отсутствие новостей-уже хорошие новости.

6. Эта пижама слишком большая для нее.

7. Вы хотите послушать какие-нибудь музыкальное произведение?

8. Он подарил мне плитку Швейцарского шоколада.

9. В копилке лежали какие-то деньги.

10. Мне нужен лист бумаги.

11. Банка джема находится на верхней полке.

 

III.Артикль

В английском языке существует неопределенный артикль (a/an) и определенный артикль (the).

Неопределенный артикль употребляется только с исчисляемыми существительными в единственном числе для:

1. Выражения значения единичности.

2. Классификации лица или предмета (имеет значение «любой», «всякий»)

Употребляется с существительными	Примеры
1. В роли: а) подлежащего; имеет значение «любой, каждый, всякий» б) подлежащего в предложениях с оборотом there is / was / will be, …	A doctorshould be compered. A studentmust be diligent. A computeris an electronic machine. A cathas a very independent nature. There is an e-mailfor you There was a star in the sky. There will be a partytomorrow.
2. В роли прямого дополнения	I have a dag. She has a cat. He bought a printer. We got a fax. You made a mistake.
3. В роли именной части составного именного сказуемого (предикатива)	I’m a student. He is a programmer. She is a accountant. It’s a new show. It’s a good idea.
4. В ряде устойчивых словосочетаний, выражающих однократные действия	To be a success, to be a hit, to have a rest, to have a good time, a toothache, to give a look, to make a mistake, to take a seat, to give smb. a lift, to go for a walk, to catch a cold. The show was a success. He gave us a lift to the office. We had a good time at the party. Ho: We had fun.
5 При наличии у существительного описательного действия	Сравните: It was night. – It was a dark night. It’s morning. – It’s a sunny morning. We had dinner. – We had a big dinner.
6 В восклицательных предложениях после what, such	What a fine day! Whata good film! It’s such a big city! She is such a good girl! Запомните фразы: What a surprise! (Какой сюрприз / неожиданность!) What a shame! (Какая досада / обида / жалость!) What a shock!(Какой удар / шок!) What a waste!(Какая пустая трата денег, времени и т.д.) Но: What good news! What fine westher!

Определенный артикль употребляется со всеми типами существительных (исчисляемыми и неисчисляемыми), как в единственном, так и во множественном числе.

Употребляется, если	Примеры
1. Ситуация или контекстпоказывает, что речь идет об определенном лице или предмете	The dayis fine. The filmwas exciting. (ситуация) We have a new secretary. The girlis smart. (контекст) Запомните: Определенный артикль во множественном числе сохраняется The daysare fine. The filmswere exciting.
2. Слово упоминалось ранее	He has a new car, the caris red. They bought a dog, the dogis white.
3. У существительного есть ограничивающее (лимитирующее) определение, выраженное: 1) словами:only, main, central, same, right / wrong, left/right, next, last, final;   But: next week (year,…) 2) порядковыми числительными: first, second, third, etc; 3) прилагательными в превосходной степени:best, worst, longest, most important…	It’s the only wayout. Who can give me the right answer? Keep to the right sideof the road. The next stopis ours. The best thingsin life are never free. He was the first manwho helped us. Read the second text. He lives on the third floor. This is the best bookI’ve ever read. It’s the most important thingfor me. It was the worst momentin my life.
4 существительное употребляется в роли обстоятельства места: in (on) the street, at the theatre, at the office, at the library, on the balcony, in the garden, on the train, in the sky, in the picture…   Неопределенный артикль возможен также в своем классифицирующем значении «один из», «какой-то»	We like to walk in the garden. There are some people at the door. Let’s meet at the library. I read a book on the train. There are dark clouds in the sky. Matilda lived in a small English town. He was born in a small village. «We all live in a yellow submarine»

Определенный артикль употребляется, когда понятно, что мы имеем в виду.

We say the …when it is clear which thing we mean.

Ex: The door / the ceiling / the floor / the carpet / the light ect. (of a room)

The roof / the garden / the kitchen / the bathroom ect. (of a house)

The centre / the station / the airport / the town hall ect. (of a town)

-Where’s Tom? In the garden. (=the garden of his house)

-I turned off the light, opened the door and went out. (=the light and the door of the room)

-Do you live very far from the centre? (=the centre of your town)

-I’d like to speak to the manager, please. (=the manager of this shop)

the… = it is clear which thing or person we mean

-Rome is the capital of Italy. (there is only one capital)

-What is the name of this village?

-Excuse me, where is the nearest bank?

-Can you tell me the time, please? (=the time now)

-My office is on the first floor. (=the first floor of the building)

Don’t forget the:

-Do you live near the city centre? (not “near city centre”)

-Which is the best restaurant in this town? (not “Which is best”)

the top of …/ the end of …ect.

-Write your name at the top of the page.

- The beginning of the film was not very good.

-My house is at the end of the street.

-The table is in the middle of the room.

-Do you drive on the left or the right in your country?

the same …

-We live in the same street. (not “in same street”)

-These books are not different. They are the same. (not “they are same”)

Note that we say:

the the sun / the moon / the world / the sky / the sea / the ground / the country: -The skyis blue and the sunis shining. -I like swimming in the sea. -They live in a town but they want to live in the country.

the the police / the fire brigade / the army(of a city, country etc.) -My brother is a soldier. He’s in the army.

the the piano / guitar / trumpet etc. -Tom is learning to play the piano.

the the radio but television ( without the): -I often listen to the radio. What’s on the radio tonight? -I like watching television. What’s on television tonight? the but Can you turn off the television (the TV set)?

the breakfast / lunch / dinner(without the): -I never have breakfast.(not “the breakfast) -What are you going to have for lunch? -Dinneris ready!

 

Exercises