Constant / round-the-clock shelling

death toll количество убитых

casualty list список убитых, раненых и пропавших без вести (на войне): Casualty lists were not published until months after the battle. | The list was so long and detailed it resembled a casualty list following a small battle. | The casualty lists were growing longer and longer.

casualty figures данные о потерях: The respective casualty figures are, as usual, uncertain. | No casualty figures were available, but civilians living near the headquarters fled.

23. loss of life [ uncountable ] (formal) the deaths of a lot of people in an accident or military action тяжелые потери убитыми; гибель людей: The war has led to a tragic loss of life. | It was decimated by the loss of life incurred by the coup and the civil war. | Needless loss of life resulted from a policy that emphasized backing away from provocation and discouraging self-defence. | Our own little putsch was carried through without loss of life, you remember.

24. casualties | losses COLLOCATIONS

light casualties / losses небольшие / незначительные потери

to strike (at / against sth): Fighter bombers struck at the presidential palace. | We will use these air bases to strike against the northern territories. | Terrorists were able to strike in one country and then flee to another. | The killer says he will strike again.

to strike sth: Guerrillas struck a U.N. camp, killing 75. | Opponents of the war say that civilian villages have been struck several times.

7. to hit (1) [ transitive ] to attack something or wound someone with a bomb, bullet etc; if something such as a bullet or bomb hits something or someone, it lands on them попадать в цель: The bomb failed to hit its target. | None of the missiles hit their target. | Although of limited accuracy by modern standards, the Scuds were reasonably successful at hitting large targets such as urban settlements. | According to first reports, some bombs have hit schools and hospitals. | A second shot hit her in the back. | Our ship was badly hit and sank within minutes.

(2) [ transitive; intransitive ] to attack someone suddenly нападать, атаковать: The convoy was hit by Afghan government troops.

8. advance [ countable ] a forward movement towards someone or something (used especially to talk about soldiers) наступление: The defences are intended to obstruct any advance by tanks and other vehicles.

advance on sth / against sb наступление (на кого-л. / что-л.): The rebels continued their advance on the capital city. | In an exercise designed to be as real as possible, they simulated an advance on enemy positions.

advance across / through / towards / to a place передвижение (в определенном направлении): That there was some reorganization at this point, before the final advance towards enemy country, seems not unreasonable.

to make / press an advance проводить наступление: Our troops made an advance against the enemy.

9. attack [ countable; uncountable ] the act of using weapons against an enemy in a war; an organized attempt to defeat an enemy, using weapons атака, наступление; наступательный бой; нападение: a bitter / blistering / savage / scathing / sharp / violent / scurrilous / vicious / unprovoked / wanton attack | the threat of nuclear attack | Attack is said to be the best form of defence. | The attack began at dawn. | A security fence, with watchtowers, protects the base against attack by ground forces. | These bomb blasts suggest that the terrorists are going on the attack again.

attack on / against sb / sth: a campaign of air attacks on strategic targets | This was the possibility of a sneak enemy air attack on Tokyo, the capital of the Empire.

to launch / mount an attack | to go into attack начинать атаку, предпринимать атаку, идти в атаку: Rebel forces launched an attack late Sunday night. | No world leader would try to launch a surprise attack because the response would be terminal for his own nation. | Grant launched an all-out attack on these defences during the gusty, rainy, and misty dawn of May 12. | We mounted a surprise attack against their ammunition depot.

to make / carry out / press an attack наступать, идти в наступление: Enemy forces have made an attack on the city.

to withstand / hold out against / ride out an attack сдержать наступление, устоять: The clincher was Haig's assurance that he could withstand any German attack for at least eighteen days. | The aircraft base is protected with specially designed shelters which are built to withstand ground and air attacks. | It was also important to demonstrate the ability of nuclear forces to ride out a surprise attack.

to repel / repulse / drive back / drive off / counter / fight off an attack отражать атаку / нападение: Troops have been deployed in the area to counter a possible attack.

to resume / renew an attack возобновлять наступление / атаку: Burnside wanted to renew the attack in the morning. | Government forces renewed their attacks on a key communications tower. | They renew the attack from another side.

to be / come under attack подвергаться нападению: There were no trains and the roads were under constant air attack. | The enemy came under attack. | Once again we came under attack from enemy fighter planes. | Refugees came under attack from federal troops.

an attack occurs: The air attack occurred in August 1988 during a campaign against the Kurdish separatist movement.

surprise attack внезапная атака: By the mid-1960s fears had eased of a technological arms race that might encourage either side to unleash a surprise attack. | This would increase the warning time of any possible surprise attack.

all-out attack решительное наступление: Our forces launched an all-out attack against the enemy.

full-scale attack наступление по всем направлениям, всеобъемлющее наступление

to retaliate (against sb / sth) (for sth): We have no intention of launching a pre-emptive strike, but we will retaliate if provoked. | They retaliated against the enemy for shelling civilian targets. | They have threatened to retaliate against the US for the bombing raid. | The militia responded by saying it would retaliate against any attacks. | The terrorists retaliated against the government with a bomb attack.

to retaliate with sth: Continuing deterrent credibility would, in future, depend upon Britain's known ability to retaliate with an invulnerable Second Strike weapon. | Loyalists retaliated with the gun attack on a bookmaker's office at Ormeau Road, Belfast.

to retaliate by doing sth: Sigibert retaliated by calling in his allies from across the Rhine. | When the police started to arrest people, some of the demonstrators retaliated by throwing stones. | The demonstrators threw rocks at the police, who retaliated by firing blanks into the crowd. | The British government retaliated by breaking off diplomatic relations.

8. to break through (sth) [ transitive; intransitive ] to manage to get past or through something that is in your way прорваться, пробиться: At dawn 300 tanks prepared to break through the enemy lines / the enemy's defences. | They finally broke through the German line. | The demonstrators broke through heavy police barriers. | The enemy's defences were strong but our soldiers broke through. | After hours of fierce fighting, rebels broke through and captured the capital. | About fifteen inmates broke through onto the roof.

9. to besiege [ transitive ] to surround a place, especially with an army, and try to gain control of it or force someone to come out of it блокировать, окружать; осаждать: A massive Roman army besieged Jerusalem, utterly destroying the Temple and razing the city to the ground. | The main part of the army moved to Sevastopol to besiege the town. | The town had been besieged for two months but still resisted the aggressors.

10. to blockade [ transitive ] to surround an area by soldiers or ships to stop people or supplies leaving or entering блокировать: The ships blockaded the port. | In June 1948 the Russians blockaded the western sectors of Berlin.

11. to withdraw | to pull out | to pull back [ intransitive; transitive ] if an army withdraws / pulls out or is withdrawn / pulled out, it leaves a place отходить, отступать; отводить / выводить войска