to set off an explosion / blast

to detonate sth: He then turned away and detonated the explosive device strapped to his body. | Army experts detonated the bomb safely in a nearby field. | The 200 kg bomb was detonated by terrorists using a remote-control device.

sth detonates: The first four bombs detonated around noon. | The device detonated unexpectedly.

5. to disarm | to defuse | to deactivate [ transitive ] to take the explosives out of a bomb, missile etc обезвредить (взрывное устройство / бомбу / мину): Experts successfully managed to disarm the bomb. | Police evacuated nearby buildings and cordoned off the area while they defused the bomb. | A few hours later bomb disposal / demolition experts defused the devices. | A bomb was deactivated at the last moment, after the fuse had been lit.

6. to dispose of sth to get rid of something, especially something that is difficult to get rid of обезвредить (взрывное устройство / бомбу / мину): to dispose of an unexploded bomb

7. explosion (1) [ countable ] burst a loud sound and the energy produced by something such as a bomb bursting into small pieces взрыв; разрыв: Several people were injured in a bomb explosion. | Even modest-sized nuclear explosions can have effects detectable over intercontinental distances. | The noise of the explosion could be heard all over the city. | Surface bursts of large nuclear weapons are an essential part of strategic nuclear war.

to cause / set off / produce an explosion вызвать взрыв, привести к взрыву: The impact caused a massive explosion which ravaged the planet. | This tiny rock carries enough kinetic energy to produce an explosion equivalent to several thousand tons of high explosives.

an explosion occurs / goes off происходит взрыв: Accidental nuclear explosions cannot occur; the bombs are designed so they cannot be exploded by any chance event. | Smaller explosions go off periodically.

(2) [ uncountable; countable ] a process in which something such as a bomb is deliberately made to explode взрыв: The explosion of nuclear devices in the Bikini Atoll was stopped in 1958. | Bomb disposal experts blew up the bag in a controlled explosion.

to carry out / set off / cause / detonate an explosion произвести взрыв, взорвать: France has carried out an underground nuclear explosion on Mururoa Atoll in the South Pacific. | Police carried out several controlled explosions of suspect packages at the site. | Now imagine 5 billion people, the entire population of Earth, each setting off a 24-ton explosion at the same time. | A man and a woman were charged on April 15 with conspiracy to cause explosions and with possession of explosives and arms.

8. blast [ countable ] (1) a big explosion, especially one caused by a bomb взрыв: Thirty-six people died in the blast. | A bomb blast completely destroyed the building. | The blast killed 168 people and wounded hundreds. | The blast was heard three miles away.

10. explosive [ uncountable; countable ] a substance or a device that can cause an explosion взрывчатое / взрывоопасное вещество: Such explosives would be far more powerful than existing non-nuclear explosives. | When they searched his vehicle, they found explosives. | There were traces of explosives in the bedroom. | The bomb, containing 150 grams of explosives, was planted outside the house shortly before 1 a.m.

11. high explosive [ uncountable; countable ] a very powerful explosive that can damage a large area and is often used in bombs бризантное взрывчатое вещество: The effect, enhanced in buildings and enclosed spaces, can be up to 16 times more destructive than conventional high explosives. | Further along the ridge, Ace was still throwing high explosives.

12. plastic explosive [ uncountable; countable ] an explosive substance that can be shaped using your hands, or a small bomb made from this пластичное взрывчатое вещество; пластиковая бомба: Instructions on how to make plastic explosives are on the Internet and in anti-government underground literature. | In 1991, 40 nations gathered in Montreal to develop a plan for better controls and detection of plastic explosives. | As the investigation into these bombings continues, it has reinvigorated efforts to learn more about the black market for plastic explosives.

to take a hard / firm / tough line on terrorism / with terrorists | to adopt / take a resolute / tough position / stance / stand on terrorism проводить жесткую политику в области борьбы с терроризмом: Even countries, such as Israel, which normally take a hard line on terrorism have given in to demands on occasion. | The President adopted / took a tough stance on terrorism.

to renounce / forswear terrorism отказываться от терроризма / террористической деятельности: The party has renounced terrorism as a political tool. | Although the PLO renounced terrorism in 1988, radical Palestinian groups such as Hamas, Hezbollah, and Islamic Jihad have continued to wage a campaign of terror against Israel and its allies. | Both sides agreed to forswear all acts of terrorism.

to be opposed to terrorism: I am utterly opposed to any form of terrorism.

political terrorism политический терроризм

criminal terrorism уголовный терроризм

military terrorism военный терроризм

state terrorism государственный терроризм

international terrorism международный терроризм: Crises and conflicts are a seedbed for international terrorism.

2. terrorist attack | act of terrorism | terrorist act | act of terror | terrorist incident [ countable ] террористический акт: There has been an increase in terrorist attacks. | Twenty people were killed in the latest terrorist attack. | The bomb explosion was one of the worst acts of terrorism that Italy has experienced in recent years. | Terrorist acts date back to at least the 1st century, when the Zealots, a Jewish religious sect, fought against Roman occupation of what is now Israel. | Organizations that engage in acts of terror are almost always small in size and limited in resources compared to the populations and institutions they oppose. | The numbers can decline as the Iraqis prove a new competence, but not until the borders are secure, the militias are disarmed and terrorist incidents are the exception.

to make / carry out / conduct / commit a terrorist attack (on / against sb / sth) | to commit / conduct an act of terrorism / a terrorist act (against sb / sth) | to launch a terrorist operation (on sb) совершать террористический акт: In the late 1980s and early 1990s the Sicilian Mafia conducted a series of terrorist attacks in reaction to the Italian government's prosecution of leading Mafia figures. | Nobody commits violent attacks on strangers or innocents to keep things 'just the way they are.' | They were charged with conspiring to commit acts of terrorism. | In the 12th century in Iran, the Assassins, a group of Ismailis (Shiite Muslims), conducted terrorist acts against religious and political leaders of Sunni Islam. | A largely successful terrorist operation was launched on America with a loss of life that was once inconceivable and remains, even after the event, unimaginable.

a terrorist attack / act of terrorism / terrorist act / (terrorist) bombing / act of terror / terrorist incident occurs совершается террористический акт: Two planes had hit the buildings, and maybe other acts of terrorism were about to occur.

3. bomb attack | (terrorist) bombing | bombing raid [ countable ] террористический акт (с использованием взрывного устройства): Cars were set on fire and a bomb attack was made against the mayor's car with his family inside. | It withdrew shortly after 241 marines were killed in a single truck bomb attack on their barracks. | Two men are being held for questioning in connection with the Paris bombing. | There was a wave of bombings in London. | They were planning bombing raids in some of America's major cities.

4. suicide (bomb) / kamikaze attack | suicide / kamikaze mission | suicide / kamikaze bombing an attack in which the person who carries out the attack deliberately kills himself or herself in the process of killing other people террористический акт террориста-смертника: This development follows the first suicide bomb attack for two years. | In 1996 a series of suicide bomb attacks in Israel by supporters of Hamas killed more than 60 Israelis and imperilled the fragile peace between Israel and the PLO. | His suicide mission came as a surprise to more people than just his family. | As Delbert saw it, they went on suicide missions, which was just the kind of action he wanted. | The powers-that-be decide to send you on a suicide mission.

5. bomb | explosive device [ countable ] a weapon made to explode at a particular time взрывное устройство, бомба: In April 1995 a truck bomb exploded in front of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, killing 168 people and injuring more than 500. | There were two bomb explosions in the city overnight. | The bomb disposal unit destroyed the bomb with a controlled explosion. | An explosive device was found at one of London's busiest stations this morning. | A small explosive device was set off outside the UN headquarters today. | The explosive device was timed to go off at the rush hour.

time bomb бомба замедленного действия: It is a time bomb waiting to explode.

to plant / place a bomb / explosive device устанавливать / закладывать взрывное устройство / бомбу: The terrorists planted a bomb near the police station. | Loyalist extremist groups which planted bombs, on the other hand, often gave no warning. | A bomb was planted at the railway station. | They placed bombs on two isolated aircraft and then headed for the hangars.

to set off / detonate / explode a bomb / explosive device взрывать / приводить в действие взрывное устройство / бомбу: Terrorists set off a bomb in the city centre. | Terrorists have been setting off bombs in Underground trains. | The terrorists planted and detonated the bomb. | A small explosive device was set off outside the UN headquarters today. | The bomb was detonated by remote control. | The 200 kg bomb was detonated by terrorists using a remote-control device. | What makes him do that is his belief that the man is about to explode a bomb.

a bomb / explosive device goes off / detonates / explodes взрывное устройство / бомба взрывается / срабатывает: The bomb went off at midday. | Bombs went off at two London train stations. | The explosive device was timed to go off at the rush hour. | The first four bombs detonated around noon. | An explosive device detonated on the roof of the building late last night. | A bomb exploded near the country's busiest airport before dawn today. | The bomb exploded on a bus in Jerusalem during the city's morning rush hour.

homemade bomb самодельное взрывное устройство: Between 1978 and 1995, an anarchist and terrorist known as the Unabomber planted or mailed homemade bombs that killed 3 people and wounded 23 others in 16 separate incidents throughout the United States.

bomb threat / bomb scare / bomb alert угроза взрыва, предупреждение о заложенной бомбе: The station was closed for six hours following a bomb threat. | Officials at the school say they received a bomb threat at approximately 11:30 a.m. today. | It belongs to the man who called in the bomb threat 18 minutes before it detonated. | Last Monday, a bomb threat against the county courthouse was delivered by telephone. | Schools cancelled extracurricular activities, and many parents took their children out of classes after word of the bomb threat spread. | She says that they were told that it was a bomb scare. | Following the find, the centre was evacuated again because of a bomb scare which police believe was a hoax. | The previous day the factory was evacuated after a bomb scare. | Several families were evacuated from their homes in Ulster last night after a bomb alert. | The bomb alert was raised soon after midnight.

6. to bomb [ transitive ] to attack a place by leaving a bomb there совершать террористический акт с применением взрывного устройства: Terrorists bombed several army barracks. | The railway station was bombed by terrorists. | Left-wing groups such as the Weather Underground bombed buildings on university campuses throughout the country.

7. to threaten [ transitive ] to say that you will cause someone harm or trouble if they do not do what you want грозить, угрожать

terrorist activity / activities террористическая деятельность: the vulnerability of airports to terrorist activities

terrorist group / organization террористическая группа / организация: Terrorist groups are believed to be stockpiling weapons. | Terrorist groups are unlikely to disarm.

terrorist / bomb threat террористическая угроза: The government has said that it will not be intimidated by terrorist threats. | A bomb threat forced them to make an emergency landing.

terrorist plot заговор с целью совершения террористического акта

2. bomber [ countable ] someone who puts and explodes a bomb in a public place террорист (со взрывным устройством): The bomber breached security by hurling his dynamite from a roof overlooking the building. | The police underlined the importance of the public's co-operation in the hunt for the bombers. | The government is convinced that the bombers want to frighten away foreign investors. | The political turmoil is being played out against a backdrop of terror attacks by far-right bombers.

3. suicide bomber | kamikaze [ countable ] someone who hides a bomb on their body and explodes it in a public place, killing himself or herself and other people, usually for political reasons террорист-смертник: A suicide car bomber killed seven Israeli soldiers. | Can suicide bombers really be considered cowards? | FBI agents found the passport of one of the suicide bombers among the wreckage. | Rajiv Gandhi is believed to have been killed by a suicide bomber.

4. kidnapper | abductor [ countable ] похититель (людей): His kidnappers have threatened that they will kill him unless three militants are released from prison. | She co-operated with her abductor for fear that something might happen to the child.

5. hijacker [ countable ] someone who illegally takes control of a plane, ship, or vehicle using violence or threats угонщик (самолета, судна, автобуса); воздушный пират; бандит, налетчик: The hijackers have put the lives of about 10,000 air passengers at risk. | In each case the hijackers bluffed the crew using fake grenades. | The hijacker gave himself up to police, who are now questioning him. | The hijackers refuse to yield to demands to release the passengers.

6. skyjacker [ countable ] someone who illegally takes control of a plane using violence or threats угонщик самолета; воздушный пират; бандит, налетчик

5. to hold sb for / to ransom to keep someone prisoner until money is paid требовать выкуп за кого-л.: His daughter was kidnapped and held for ransom. | A bus-load of schoolchildren were held for ransom until the gang were given a plane. | In Rio, nearly forty people have been held to ransom this year alone.

6. to hold sb to ransom to try to make someone do what you want, especially by using threats шантажировать: He said terrorists would not be allowed to hold Britain to ransom. | The government says it is being held to ransom by the actions of terrorist groups. | The idea of one global power holding the other to ransom seems less credible now than it has done previously. | Without some such law the rich could hold the poor to ransom.

7. to ransom [ transitive ] to pay an amount of money to someone in order to make them let someone they are keeping as a prisoner go free выкупать, освобождать за выкуп: Her father ransomed her for a million dollars. | They were all ransomed and returned unharmed. | The same system was used for ransoming or exchanging captives.

tight / strict / heavy // lax security (measures) good // bad security строгие // недостаточные меры безопасности: There is tight security at the airport and all baggage is being searched. | The meeting took place amid extremely tight security. | The trial was held under tight security. | Strict security measures were in force during the President's visit. | Heavy security measures and heightened sensitivities to protecting Dole and Kemp were symbols of the convention. | Parents have protested against lax security at the school.

sense / feeling of security чувство безопасности: A predictable routine gives children a sense of security.

a false sense of security: We were lulled into a false sense of security and failed to see what was coming.

security measures / precautions меры безопасности: The tighter security measures / precautions include video cameras in the city centre. | New security measures, including video surveillance cameras, come into force on the city's bus fleet this week. | A large number of homes lack adequate security measures.

security situation ситуация с безопасностью, обстановка с точки зрения безопасности: Alongside this swirling evolution of political developments, not so unnatural in itself, came changes in the security situation.

(to be on / to be put on) security alert тревога в связи с угрозой безопасности: The station was closed for two hours because of a security alert. | His arrest followed a major security alert before a visit by the Prime Minister. | Postal facilities and other government offices around the country were warned of the attempted bombings, and were put on security alert. | The security alert, involving five hundred people, cost ten thousand pounds.

security check проверка безопасности: Police plan security checks from 8 am on the road between Balmoral Castle and the church. | The fifty-odd courtrooms are open to the public, though you have to go through stringent security checks first. | There are strict security checks on everyone entering the Opera House.

security / video surveillance camera камера видеонаблюдения: The pictures were captured by the city centre security cameras installed in Gloucester earlier this year. | This series of photographs was taken by a security camera at the Leeds Building Society. | The thief was caught on a security camera.

breach of security нарушение правил безопасности: The Security Commission investigates breaches of security. | An amnesty was also granted to a number of unidentified people being held for breach of national security.

2. security service [ countable ] a government organization that protects a country's secrets against enemy countries, or protects the government against attempts to take away its power служба безопасности; органы безопасности: His death was particularly shocking since there was considerable evidence that elements of the military security service were implicated in it. | So concerned are the security services that M-I5 has set up a unit to monitor the activities of young British Muslims targeted by extremists.

3. security force(s) [ countable ] силы безопасности, войска по поддержанию безопасности: Thirty demonstrators were killed in clashes with the security forces over the weekend. | Part of the reason is the government's effort to strengthen the security forces. | Up to 500 black people are killed by the security forces. | The security forces opened fire, killing two people.

4. security officer [ countable ] офицер службы безопасности: Such a nightmare was enough to make even the most fearless security officer break out in a cold sweat. | Suddenly, cars swerved to block the road, and dozens of security officers fanned out through the crowd.

5. security agent [ countable ] агент службы безопасности

1. Match the words and phrases in List A with those in List B. Learn these lexical units.

2. Match the words and phrases in List A with those in List B. Learn these lexical units.

3. Give synonyms for the following words and phrases.

to prevent (a conflict), to resolve (a conflict), (tension) builds up / mounts, to defuse (tension), (tension) eases, to cause / create (tension), to increase / heighten (tension), to be / pose (a threat), to be in (danger), to put sb / sth in jeopardy, armed (conflict), to be on the brink (of war), to launch (a war), to spark off / trigger off (a war), (war) breaks out, to be at war (with sb), to wage (war), to escalate (a war), to call (a ceasefire), disaster, ceasefire, to break (a ceasefire), atrocity, to commit (an atrocity), to demonstrate (brutality / cruelty), to raze sth (to the ground), (to reduce / blast sth) to ruins

4. Suggest words and expressions that correspond to the following definitions.

1. a terrible and unexpected event that causes a lot of damage or suffering

2. a period of time when a country is not fighting a war

3. the feeling caused by a lack of trust between people, groups, or countries who do not agree about something and may attack each other

4. the period of time when a country is fighting a war

5. a country, or the armed forces of a country, which is at war with another country

6. to put someone or something in danger of being hurt, damaged, or destroyed

7. an agreement to stop fighting for a period of time, especially in order to discuss permanent peace

8. a place where there is often a lot of violence or fighting

9. fighting in a war; acts of fighting

10. the possibility that something very bad will happen; someone or something that is regarded as a possible danger

11. the act of attacking a country, especially when that country has not attacked first

12. a disagreement or fight in which neither opponent can do anything to win or achieve their aim

13. the use of violence to force people from a particular racial or national group to leave an area or country

14. to destroy something completely so that nothing remains

15. the deliberate murder of a whole group of people, especially a whole nation, race or religious group

5. Explain the meaning of the words and phrases listed below.

aggressor, to reduce a threat, to instigate / foment a war, war rages on, the outbreak of hostilities, troubled area, warfare, truce, to neutralize sb, to take sb out

6. Match the words in List A with those in List B to form phrases.

7. Fill the gaps in the sentences with prepositions or adverbial particles if necessary.

1. The country is involved in a direct confrontation ….. its powerful neighbour.

2. There is a protracted conflict between neighbouring countries ….. their common border.

3. Peace cannot be imposed ….. force of arms.

4. One of the superpowers committed an act of brutal aggression ….. its neighbour.

5. The country is ….. threat of attack.

6. The border dispute poses a direct threat ….. peace.

7. The excesses of the secret police put the peace process ….. jeopardy.

8. The peace talks are now ….. danger of collapse.

9. Britain and France declared war ….. Germany in 1939.

10. The USA launched a war ….. Iraq ….. the pretext that the latter possessed weapons of mass destruction.

11. National rivalries can easily set ….. a war.

12. He was blamed for stirring ….. war in the Balkans.

13. War broke ….. between the two countries after a border dispute.

14. The US government stepped ….. its war ….. terrorism.

15. They've been ….. war for the last five years.

16. The local war escalated ….. a major conflict.

8. Fill the gaps in the sentences with prepositions or adverbial particles if necessary.

1. The war rages ….. and the time has come to take sides.

2. Anti-war demonstrations continued after the outbreak ….. hostilities.

3. Even ….. wartime some people held concerts.

4. The world seems to be moving ….. nuclear catastrophe.

5. There was a remote chance that their efforts might help to ward ….. catastrophe.

6. They called ….. a ceasefire in the region.

7. One of those bombings claimed ….. over 100 lives.

8. They're ….. trial for committing atrocities ….. the civilian population.

9. Entire sections of the city were wiped ….. by the repeated bombing.