And their use in a person’s system diagnostics

The components of system approach are: system-structural, system-functional and system-genetic approaches.

1.2.1. System-structural approach means the description of the elements of the structure of this or that system and the correlations between these elements.

The structure is understood as a form of expression of a system’s contents, regular connections between the elements which is defined by a functional purpose of the system.

In system-structural approach there may be distinguished horizontal (parity) and vertical (hierarchical) structures. In horizontal structures one-serial qualities, i.e. qualities which have no essential differences according to the criteria of difficulty and significance, are joined. In vertical structures multi-serial qualities, i.e. the qualities which differ from each other by significance and difficulty, are joined. The mutual relation between these qualities is built according to the principle of hierarchy and subordination. More significant and difficult qualities occupy dominating, higher hierarchical position in relation to the less significant and less composite qualities.

The use of system-structural approach, first of all, provides necessary entirety of the diagnostics, because it gives the idea of all the elements of investigated system. Secondly, in case you need to make a sample research system-structural analysis helps to reveal the most important qualities, i.e. it gives the idea of their hierarchical position.

1.2.2. System-functional approach corresponds with the concept of function. Function is a contents of the system consisting in the exchange of substance, energy and information with the environment. That’s why this component of system approach means the description of the system’s exchange of substance, energy and information with the environment.

The use of system-functional approach, firstly, provides the validity of the methods of the diagnostics due to the revealing of functional essence of investigated quality. Because a distorted comprehension of functional essence (which is not always on the surface) naturally entails the distortion (non-validity) of the corresponding diagnostic method (to get a more detailed information, se 2.1, chapter 1). Secondly, system-functional approach is a theoretical basis of the methods of functional diagnostics. Thirdly, it helps to make an adequate interpretational of internal and external correlations of investigated parameters, which essentially depend on their functional peculiarities.

1.2.3. System-genetic approach describes the appearance, origin and the development of alive nature (philogenesis) and individual organism (ontogenesis).

The use of system-genetic approach, first of all, justifies the ideas about a hierarchical position of investigated quality taking into account its philo-ontogenesis. It is known that in earlier stages of both philo- and ontogenetic development the qualities of lower hierarchical levels were formed, and in later stages – the qualities of higher hierarchical levels. That’s why the height of hierarchical position of this or that quality is proportional to the period of its philo-ontogenetic development.

Secondly, system-genetic analysis helps to understand the peculiarities of the development of investigated quality. Particularly it helps to understand the tempos of the development and the frequency of distribution of quality in population of people. So, we have made a comparative analysis of some peculiarities of philogenetic development of organs of vision and hearing which has shown why the achromates are as rare phenomenon as the people with absolute high-pitch hearing. The reason of it is the peculiarities of philogenesis of interior measurement standards of electromagnetic and sound oscillations perception. The successful interaction of a man with environment requires the absolute measurement standards for the perception of color and relative (comparative) measurement standards – for the perception of the pitch of a sound (Yu. A. Tsagarelly, 1989).

1.2.4. A person’s system diagnostics is used to solve the Following tasks:

· to promote the systematization of a great number of diagnostic techniques and the experimental data about a person into the uniform system of knowledge;

· to investigate a person as an integrated entity consisting of continuous collection of different qualities (physiological, neurodinamic, psychological, social and others);

· to raise the entirety of the diagnostics due to the spanning of the basic levels of a person’s hierarchical structure and the components of parity structure;

· to raise the validity of methods of the diagnostics making exact the functional essence of investigated parameters;

· to raise the quality of the interpretation of the results of investigations, making exact the role of individual diagnostic data to create the whole diagnostic picture;

· to promote the solution of the problem of inter-discipline connections in scientific investigations and in practice;

· to raise the scientific and practical level of specialists dealing with a person’s diagnostics, to widen their diagnostic outlook, to extend the arsenal of diagnostic methods.