By Ernest Hemingway (1899 – 1961)

Ernest Hemingway is one of the greatest modern American writers. He is the author of many stories and novels. His most famous works are: “The Sun Also Rises”, “A Farewell to Arms”, “Death in the Afternoon”, “The Old Man and the Sea”.

War is one of the subject matter of many of his books, which are full of bitterness and hatred of life’s abominations, among which war is one of the most disgusting. Most of Hemingway’s characters belong to the so-called “lost generation” – the generation of young bourgeois, whose lives has been distorted by

 

PRONOUNCING REFERENCE-LIST

I

Aldington, Richard

Austen, Jane

Bunyan, John

Burr, Aaron

Caesar

Clausewitz

Clemens, Samuel Langhorne 

Cronin, Archibald Joseph

Dickens, Charles

Eliot, George

Fielding

Galsworthy, John   

Gauguin, Paul

Goya

Hardy, Thomas

Hemingway, Ernest

Johnson

Kettle, Arnold

Kipling, Rudyard

Leary

Lee, Harper

Ludendorff

Makepeace William

Mantegna, Andrea

Maugham, Somerset William  

Miller, Arthur

Napoleon

Rubens, Peter Paul   

Shaw, George Bernard   

Shaw,

Irwin Snow,

Thackeray Charles Percy,

Titian

Twain,

Wilkes Mark,

Wren John, Christopher

 

 

II

Alfred Mangan

Amelia Sedley

Andrew

Artful Dodger

Atticus Finch

Binkie

Brownlow

Calpurnia

Catherine Berkley

Cecil Jacobs

Cohen

Dave Singlernan

Dorothy

Fagin

Fleur

Forsyte

Francis Gettliffe

Frederic Henry

Gilmer

Harold

Hector

Hesione

Howard Wagner

Hushabye

Irene

Jago

Jeames

Jean Louise

Jem — diminutive  from Jeremy

Jemima

Jesus Christ

Joan

John Taylor

Jolyon

Juliet

Laura

Leonard Nye

Lewis Eliot

Linda

Mailie [222]

Maisie

Marcus Darnley

Margaret Frecmantle   

Maudie Michel

Moffatt

Monks

Muriel

Oliver Twist

Rachel

Rawdon Crawley

Rebecca

Robinson

Romeo

Scout 

Soames

Somerville

Southdown

Steyne 

Strickland

Tess of the d'Urbervilles

Tom Sawyer

Torpenhow Vernon Royce

Willy Loman

 

III

Alabama Alaska Albany Arizona

Arkansas

Boston

California

Cambridge Chertsey

Chiswick Mall

Cincinnati Connecticut

Dorchester

Dorsetshire

Engadine

Frankfurt

Georgia

Grosvenor

Hadleyburg

Hampshire

Locarno

Manchester

Marquesas

Maycomb

Missouri

Montgomery

Montreux

Mossburn

New

Haven

Ohio

Oxford

Papeete

Paumotus

Pentonville

Phoenix

Rhode Island  

Sacramento

Sandhurst

Spandau

Sussex

Tahiti

Thames

Tynecastle

Tyrol

Upper Longpuddle

Vienna

Wansdon

Wengen

Wessex

 

INDEX OF STYLISTIC TERMS

(See Commentaries)

Alliteration — L 6, note 8; L 11 (part I), note 10; L 14, note 2.

Allusion — L 6, note 5; L 9, notes 6, 7, 8; L 14, note 9.

American English — L 11 (part I), notes 5, 6, 8.

Anaphora — L 10, note 1.

Antithesis — L 10, note 9; L 13, note 7.

Chiasmus — L 10, note 2.

Cliche — L 13, note 7.

Climax — L 5, note 12.

Colloquial speech — L 4, notes 4, 5; L 6, notes 2, 6; L 11 (part I), notes 1, 2, 3, 6, 9.

Elliptical sentences — L 4, note 5; L 6, note 6.

Epithet — L 1, note 1.

Hyperbole — L 4, note 9; L 14, note 8.

Inversion — L 2, note 1.

Metaphor — L 5, notes 5, 7; L 13, note 6; L 14, notes 6, 12.

Metonymy — L 1, note 9; L 2, notes 2, 4; L 5, note 2.

Paradox — L 6, p. 71. [223]

Parallelism — L 1, note 7; L 10, note 6; L 13, note 7.

Pleonasm — L 11 (part II), note 3.

Reiteration — L 2, notes 1, 6; L 10, note 1.

Represented speech — L 7, note 3.

Rhetorical question — L G, note 9.

Simile — L 3, note 9; L 14, note 9.

Slang — L 8, note 1.

Spaced letters — L 6, note 7.

Stage directions — L 6, note 1.

Tautology — L 11 (part I), note 10; L 14, note 2.

Vulgarism — L G, p. 78.

Understatement — L 11 (part 1), note 9. [224]

 

* He – little Rawdon, Rebecca’s son

** Lord Southdown – brother lady Jane Crawley, Rawdon’s aunt

*** Briggs – an old spinster who lived with Rebecca as companion

**** Lord Steyne – an old aristocrat, Rebecca’s admirer

* Gaunt House – Lord Steyne’s mansion

** Bon Dieu! (Fr.) – Боже мой!

*** Vehmgericht (German) – тайное судилище

**** That kep him up – that kept him up

* Saint Paul’s – Saint Paul’s Cathedral, the largest and the most famous cathedral in London built by Sir Christopher Wren between 1675 and 1710

** Matters not – stands for “does not matter”; seldom used nowadays

* Pray – is a form of request equivalent to “please” (or “I beg you to”), It is now going out of use.

** Master – a title of respect for a boy

*** Nigh – archaic for “near”

* warmint—evidently "varmint"— dial, or slang of vermin: a noxious or troublesome animal or person

** since you came of age = became a man (in English law, 21 years)

*** …whiles you was a minor = while you were below the age of 21

**** What odds...? = What does it matter...?

* * Missouri is a state in the central part of the USA. Aaron Burr (1756—1836)—third Vice-President of the United States (1801—1805) [50]

** Aaron Burr (1756—1836)—third Vice-President of the United States (1801—1805)

* the local practitioner—the local doctor Dick had applied to

** Maisie—the girl Dick loved

*** Binkie—Dick's dog

* Torp (Torpenhow) -a journalist, the friend Dick shared rooms with

** Christmas-carol book—a book of Christmas hymns (carols)

* Catherine-wheels—rotating fireworks

** dorglums—here evidently stands for "doggie"

* The "Melancholia" is the name of Dick's last picture.

* Mr. Hushabye and Hesione, his wife, are host and hostess of the house.

** He... shews his teeth.—He takes up threatening attitude; "shew" is B. Shaw's spelling of the verb "show".

* dead lift — an effort under discouraging conditions a difficulty

** to go bust (sl.) — to burst up, to go bankrupt

* The exercise is borrowed from A. S. Hornby's Oxford Progressive English for Adult Learners, Book 3, p. 192.

 

* Robin Hill – the country house where Jon’s family lived. It was originally built for Irene by her first husband Soames, Fleur’s father.

** A miraculous dawdle – wonderful idle pastime

*** The Downs – grassy hills, especially in Southern England

* The vertebrae – the backbone or spinal or spinal column

** Wandson – a place in Sussex

*** The loss of castle - the loss of the right to be respected

**** The Dragon – probably the local inn or public house

* Tahiti [ta:'hi:ti]—an island in the South Pacific Ocean

** the Paumotus [pa:u'moutu:z]—an archipelago in the South Pacific Ocean

*** the Marquesas [ma:'keisǽs]—an archipelago lying to the North of the Pau­motus

* Papeete [pa:pei'eitei]—seaport on Tahiti; capital of the Society Islands