I . Прочитайте и письменно переведите текст.

КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА № 2

Вариант I

 

I. Прочитайте и письменно переведите текст.

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Mechanical engineering is the application of physical principles to the creation of useful devices, objects and machines. Mechanical engineers use principles such as heat, force, and the conservation of mass and energy to analyze static and dynamic physical systems, in contributing to the design of things such as automobiles, aircraft, and other vehicles, heating and cooling systems, household appliances, industrial equipment and machinery, weapons systems, etc.

Fundamental subjects of mechanical engineering include: dynamics, statics, strength of materials, hydraulics, kinematics, and applied thermodynamics. Mechanical engineers should understand and be able to apply concepts from the chemistry and electrical engineering fields.

Engineers in this field design, test, build, and operate machinery of all types; they also work on a variety of manufactured goods and certain kinds of structures. The field is divided into machinery, mechanisms, materials, hydraulics, and pneumatics; and heat as applied to engines, work and energy, heating, ventilating, and air conditioning. The mechanical engineer, therefore, must be trained in mechanics, hydraulics, and thermodynamics and must know such subjects as metallurgy and machine design. Some mechanical engineers specialize in particular types of machines such as pumps or steam turbines. A mechanical engineer designs not only the machines that make products but the products themselves, and must design for both economy and efficiency. A typical example of modern mechanical engineering is the design of a car or an agricultural machine.

One of the subtypes of mechanical engineering is automotive engineering.

The automobile was invented in the late 1800's and did not come prominence until the early 20^th century. Its basic configuration was determined and mass-production methods were established.

It becomes available to a society. The automobile vastly expanded most people's mobility horizons. It enabled profound changes in most aspects of modern life. New roads were built to support the automobile. But as there are many advantages so disadvantages of the car invention also exist. It includes air pollution and car accidents. But all this fostered new engineering solutions to improve the quality of the human condition.

II. Найдите в тексте эквиваленты следующим словосочетаниям:

сельскохозяйственная машина, применение научных знаний, создание полезных приборов, основные дисциплины, промышленные изделия, паровые турбины, загрязнение воздуха, электрические приборы, система подогрева и охлаждения, промышленное оборудование, серийное производство дорожно-транспортное происшествие.

 

III. Ответьте на вопросы по тексту.

1. What is engineering?

2. What types of engineering do you know?

3. Why do mechanical engineers use such principles as heat, force, and the conservation of mass and energy?

4. What subjects must the mechanical engineer be trained in?

5. Are there any disadvantages of the car invention?

IV. Передайте утвердительные предложения в косвенной речи.

1. 'I posted your letter yesterday’, said Pearl to her.

2. ‘I’ll have another talk with him tomorrow,' said Agnes.

3. 'You have a beautiful place here,' said Pete.

4. 'Jessica arrived last night and she wanted to see you,' said Arny.

5. 'You'll never guess whom I met today. It was Flora!' said Nick.

 

V. Передайте вопросительные предложения в косвенной речи.

1. 'Have you seen Arthur this week? His new job altered him entirely,' Laura whispered in his ear.

2. 'Have you anything to declare?' asked the customs officer.

3. 'Do you know Miss Fairfax? She has got a fortune due to her aunt's will and become very rich,' said Nicholas.

4. 'When will you be back? Shall we start dinner without you or do you want us to wait for you?' asked Stella.

5. 'Where have you put my glasses? I can't find them,' said nanny.

6. 'How did you find me? I did not leave my address to anyone when I was leaving,' said Nelly.

 

КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА № 2

Вариант II

 

I. Прочитайте и письменно переведите текст.

AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERING

Automotive engineering is a branch of Vehicle engineering. It incorporateselements of mechanical, electrical, electronic, software and safety engineering as appliedto the design, manufacture and operation of automobiles, buses and trucks andengineering subsystems.

Automotive engineers are involved in almost every aspect of designing cars andtrucks. Broadly speaking automotive engineers are separated into three main streams:product engineering, development engineering and manufacturing engineering.

- Product engineer (also called design engineer), that would designcomponents/systems (i.e brake engineer and battery engineer).

- Development engineer, that engineers the attributes of the automobile.

- Manufacturing engineer determines how to make it.

A Development Engineer is a job function within Automotive Engineering, inwhich the development engineer has the responsibility for coordinating delivery of theengineering attributes of a complete automobile (bus, car, truck, etc.).

The Development Engineer is also responsible for organizing automobile leveltesting, validation, and certification. Components and systems are designed and testedindividually by the Product Engineer. The final evaluation though, has to be conducted atthe automobile level to evaluate system to system interactions. As an example, the audiosystem (radio) needs to be evaluated at the automobile level. Interaction with otherelectronic components can cause interference.

The design of modern cars is typically handled by a large team of designers andengineers from many different disciplines. As part of the product development effort theteam of designers will work closely with teams of design engineers responsible for allaspects of the vehicle. These engineering teams include: chassis, body and trim,powertrain, electrical and production. The design team under the leadership of the designdirector will typically comprise of an exterior designer, an interior designer (usuallyreferred to as stylists), and a color and materials designer. A few other designers will beinvolved in detail design of both exterior and interior.

 

II. Найдите в тексте эквиваленты следующим словосочетаниям:

Проектирование средств обеспечения безопасности, проектирование изделия, разработка новых конструкций, технология машиностроения, тормозной механизм, аккумуляторная батарея, транспортное средство, наружная часть/корпусные детали, салон/оборудование салона.

 

III. Ответьте на вопросы по тексту.

1. What three main streams are automotive engineers separated into?

2.What does automotive engineering incorporate?

3. Are manufacturing engineers responsible for organizing automobile level testing and certification?

4. What is typically handled by a large team of designers and engineers from many different disciplines?

 

КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА № 2

Вариант I

 

I. Прочитайте и письменно переведите текст.

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Mechanical engineering is the application of physical principles to the creation of useful devices, objects and machines. Mechanical engineers use principles such as heat, force, and the conservation of mass and energy to analyze static and dynamic physical systems, in contributing to the design of things such as automobiles, aircraft, and other vehicles, heating and cooling systems, household appliances, industrial equipment and machinery, weapons systems, etc.

Fundamental subjects of mechanical engineering include: dynamics, statics, strength of materials, hydraulics, kinematics, and applied thermodynamics. Mechanical engineers should understand and be able to apply concepts from the chemistry and electrical engineering fields.

Engineers in this field design, test, build, and operate machinery of all types; they also work on a variety of manufactured goods and certain kinds of structures. The field is divided into machinery, mechanisms, materials, hydraulics, and pneumatics; and heat as applied to engines, work and energy, heating, ventilating, and air conditioning. The mechanical engineer, therefore, must be trained in mechanics, hydraulics, and thermodynamics and must know such subjects as metallurgy and machine design. Some mechanical engineers specialize in particular types of machines such as pumps or steam turbines. A mechanical engineer designs not only the machines that make products but the products themselves, and must design for both economy and efficiency. A typical example of modern mechanical engineering is the design of a car or an agricultural machine.

One of the subtypes of mechanical engineering is automotive engineering.

The automobile was invented in the late 1800's and did not come prominence until the early 20^th century. Its basic configuration was determined and mass-production methods were established.

It becomes available to a society. The automobile vastly expanded most people's mobility horizons. It enabled profound changes in most aspects of modern life. New roads were built to support the automobile. But as there are many advantages so disadvantages of the car invention also exist. It includes air pollution and car accidents. But all this fostered new engineering solutions to improve the quality of the human condition.

II. Найдите в тексте эквиваленты следующим словосочетаниям:

сельскохозяйственная машина, применение научных знаний, создание полезных приборов, основные дисциплины, промышленные изделия, паровые турбины, загрязнение воздуха, электрические приборы, система подогрева и охлаждения, промышленное оборудование, серийное производство дорожно-транспортное происшествие.

 

III. Ответьте на вопросы по тексту.

1. What is engineering?

2. What types of engineering do you know?

3. Why do mechanical engineers use such principles as heat, force, and the conservation of mass and energy?

4. What subjects must the mechanical engineer be trained in?

5. Are there any disadvantages of the car invention?