Healthy lifestyle — Здоровый образ жизни

Nowadays our life is getting more and more tense. People live under the press of differentproblems, such as social, ecological, economic and others. They constantly suffer from stress, noise and dust in big cities, diseases and instability. A person should be strong and healthy in orderto overcome all difficulties. To achieve this aim people ought to take care of their physical andmental health. There are several ways to do it. The state of your body depends on how much timeyou spend doing sports. At least everybody must do morning exercises every day. The mosthealthy kinds of sports are swimming, running and cycling. Healthy food is also a very importantfactor. Overeating causes many dangerous diseases. The daily menu should include meat, fruit andvegetables, milk product, which are rich in vitamins, fat, proteins and etc. On the other handmodern diets are very popular especially among women. Diets may be harmful, if they are used inthe wrong way. To be healthy, people should get rid of their bad habits. It’s necessary to stopsmoking and drinking much. Everyone should remember that cigarettes, alcohol and drugs destroyboth body and brain. Besides according to statistics most of crimes are committed by people underthe influence of drugs and alcohol. In addition it is recommended to watch TV less, avoid anxietyand observe daily routine. Certainly it’s hard to follow all these recommendations, but every personhave to choose between healthy life style and numerous illnesses.

The Olympic Games — Олимпийские игры

The Olympic Games have a very long history. They began in 777 ВС in Greece and took place every four years for nearly twelve centuries at Olympia. They included many different kinds ofsports: running, boxing, wrestling, etc. All the cities in Greece sent their best athletes to Olympia tocompete in the Games.

For the period of the Games all the wars stopped. So the Olympic Games became the symbol ofpeace and friendship. In 394 AD the Games were abolished and were not renewed until manycenturies later.

In 1894 French Baron Pierre de Coubertin, addressed all the sports governing bodies and pointedout the significance of sport and its educational value.

Two years later the first modern Olympic Games took place. Of course, the competitions were heldin Greece to symbolize the continuation of the centuries-old tradition.

In 1896 the International Olympic Committee was set up. It is the central policy-making body of theOlympic movement. It is formed by the representatives of all countries, which take part in theOlympic Games.

Summer and Winter Games are held separately.

Олимпийские игры

Олимпийские игры имеют очень длинную историю. Они начались в 777 г. до нашей эры в Греции и проводились каждые четыре года в течение приблизительно двенадцати столетий в Олимпии. Они включали в себя разные виды спорта: бег, бокс, борьбу и т. п. Все города Греции посылали своих лучших спортсменов в Олимпию для состязаний в играх.

В период игр все войны прекращались. Таким образом, Олимпийские игры стали символом мира и дружбы. В 394 г. нашей эры игры были отменены и не возобновлялись в течение многих веков.

В 1894 г. француз, барон Пьер де Кубертен, обратился ко всем руководящим спортивным органам и указал на важность спорта и его воспитательное значение.

Два года спустя были проведены первые современные Олимпийские игры. Конечно, соревнования проводились в Греции, чтобы символизировать продолжение вековой традиции.

В 1896 г. был создан Международный олимпийский комитет. Это главный орган, определяющий политику Олимпийского движения. В него входят представители всех стран, принимающих участие в Олимпийских играх.

Летние и зимние игры проводятся отдельно.

Questions:

1. When and where did the Olympic Games begin?
2. Why did the Olympic Games become the symbol of peace and friendship?
3. When did the Games in Greece stop?
4. Who renewed the Olympic movement?
5. When and where did the first modern Games take place?
6. When was the International Olympic Committee set up? What is its function?
7. Are Summer and Winter Games held separately?
8. Where were the latest Olympic Games held?

Vocabulary:

ВС = Before Christ — до Рождества Христова, т. е. до н. э.
wrestling — борьба
to compete — соревноваться
AD = Anno Domini — в год Господень, т. е. н. э.
to abolish — отменять, упразднять
to hold — проводить
to set up — организовывать, создавать
separately — отдельно

The History of Football — История футбола

I am going to tell you about the history of football, one the most popular sport games all over theWorld.

Football is a popular sport played all over the world. It is the national sport of most European andLatin-American countries and of many other nations.

Millions of people in more than 140 countries play football. Football is played in the Olympics.Games similar to football were played in China as early as 400 ВС. Egyptians played a kind offootball too. They played games involving the kicking of a ball. In about 200 AD the Romans playeda game in which two teams tried to score by advancing a ball across a line on the field. TheRomans passed the ball to one another but they never kicked it.

London children in about 1100 played a form of soccer in the streets. During the 1800’s the peopleof England played a game similar to football. Many rules changed and each person interpreted therules differently. Now, the sport has grown to a global scale, including men’s and women’s teamsand the World Cup and European Championship competitions, which is played every four years.Also there is League of Champions and FIFA Cup competitions which take place every year inEurope.

Football originated with kicking games played by people in ancient times. The modern versioncame from England. Football was not that popular kind of game until the mid-1900s.

It started as a game involving kicking and handing, but late} this branched off into two separatesports: rugby and football, which is what the Americans call soccer. Around the late nineteenthcentury, English football began spreading over Europe. The United States was one of the last toimplement football as a national sport. The Canadian Soccer Association was established in 1912 while the United States Soccer Federation was set up in 1913.

The first World Cup Championship was in Montevideo, Uruguay. Since then it has been playedevery four years except during World War II. The North American Soccer League (NASL) wasformed in 1968. But it didn’t gain popularity until the 1970’s.

The rules of play for soccer are simple. The referee makes most of the decisions and attempts toencourage fair play. The game starts off with a kick off and the teams are allowed to pass, dribble, juggle, head, kick and shoot the ball to place it down the field, and (hopefully or eventually) intotheir opponent’s goal.

If the ball is kicked off the field over the length of the field, the other team is given a throw-in, wherethe ball is thrown over the player’s head, and back onto the field. If the ball is kicked over the goalor across the width of the field, either a corner kick results, realizing by the offensive team, wherethe ball is placed on the corner of the field and kicked into play or the defensive team is awarded akick, where the ball is placed on the corner of the goal box, and kicked back into play. If a goal isscored, the ball is taken back to the centre of the field and the team, scored against, kicks off and keeps playing.

История футбола

Я собираюсь рассказать вам о футболе, одной из самых популярных спортивных игр в мире.

Футбол является популярным видом спорта, в который играют во всем мире. Это национальный вид спорта большинства европейских, латиноамериканских стран и многих других наций.

Миллионы людей в более чем 140 странах играют в футбол. В футбол играют на Олимпийских играх. В игры, подобные футболу, играли в Китае уже в 400 году до нашей эры. Египтяне также играли в своего рода футбол. Они играли в игры, где использовался удар ногой по мячу. Приблизительно в 200 году нашей эры римляне играли в игру, в которой две команды пытались выиграть, проводя мяч через линию на поле. Римляне пасовали друг ДРУГУ мяч, но они никогда не наносили удар этим мячом.

Приблизительно в 1100 году лондонские дети играли в разновидность футбола на улицах. В 1800-х жители Англии играли в игру, подобную футболу. Изменилось много правил, каждый человек трактовал правила по-своему. Теперь этот вид спорта вырос до мировых масштабов, включая мужские и женские команды и первенства на Кубок мира и Чемпионат Европы, которые проходят каждые четыре года, В Европе, к тому же, каждый год проходят первенства Лиги Чемпионов и Кубка ФИФА.

Футбол произошел от игр, в которых в мяч играют ногами, в эти игры люди играли еще в древние времена. Современная версия игры пришла из Англии. Футбол не был таким популярным видом спорта до середины 1900-х годов.

Вначале в игре можно было играть и ногами и руками, но позже игра разделилась на два отдельные вида спорта: регби и футбол, то что американцы называют «футбол». Где-то в конце девятнадцатого столетия английский футбол начал распространяться по Европе. Соединенные Штаты Америки были одними из последних, кто принял футбол как национальный вид спорта. Канадская футбольная ассоциация была основана в 1912 году, Футбольная федерация США была образована в 1913 году.

Первый чемпионат мира по футболу прошел в Монтевидео, Уругвай. С тех пор он проходит каждые четыре года, за исключением времени, когда шла Вторая мировая война. В1968 году была сформирована Североамериканская футбольная лига (NASL). Но популярность к ней пришла только в 1970-х годах.

Правила игры в футбол просты. Рефери принимает большинство решений и пытается заставить играть честно. Игра начинается с распасовки в центре поля, командам позволяют делать пасы, вести мяч, делать уловки, играть головой и ногами, наносить по мячу удары ногой, чтобы провести его по полю и, в конечном счете, намеренно или случайно забить его в ворота своего противника.

Если мяч выбивают за пределы бокового поля, другая команда делает вбрасывание, при этом мяч бросается назад в область поля из-за головы. Если удар наносится выше ворот или по линии углового, производится углово
й удар, который выполняется нападающей стороной, при этом мяч ставится в углу поля и вводится в игру, или же защищающей команде предоставляется свободный удар, при этом мяч ставится в углу штрафной площадки и вводится обратно в игру. Если забит гол, мяч ставится обратно в центре поля и команда, которой забит гол, делает распасовку и продолжает игру.

Questions:

1. Is football a very popular sport?
2. Is football a game of the Olympics?
3. Where and when were games similar to football played?
4. What competitions played every four years do you know?
5. Where did the modern version of football come from?
6. When did football become a very popular game?
7. Was the United States one of the first nations to implement football as a national sport?
8. Where did the first World Cup Championship take place?
9. How often is the World Cup Championship played?
10. Who are engaged to make most decisions and to encourage fair play in football?

Vocabulary:

similar — подобный, сходный, похожий,
to involve — включать в себя, подразумевать
to kick — наносить удар по мячу ногой, пинать
to score — зд. забивать гол, открывать счет
to advance — продвигаться вперед; забивать гол
to interpret — переводить, интерпретировать
to grow (past grew, p.p. grown) — расти, вырастать, увеличиваться
global scale — глобальный масштаб
to originate — возникать, происходить от
ancient — древний, старый
rugby — регби
to spread (past spread, p.p. spread) over — распространиться
to implement — обеспечивать, выполнять
to set (past set, p.p. set) up — основывать, учреждать
referee — рефери, судья
to attempt — пытаться
to encourage — поддерживать, поощрять
fair play — честная игра
kick off — вводить мяч в игру из центра
to allow — позволять, разрешать
to dribble — вести мяч (в футболе, баскетболе и т. п.)
to juggle — обманывать
opponent’s goal — ворота противника
throw-in — вбрасывание, аут
corner kick — угловой удар
offensive team — нападающая команда
defensive team — защищающаяся команда
to award — присуждать

The History of Basketball — История баскетбола

I am going to tell you about one of the most popular games. It is basketball.

The game of basketball has evolved a great deal throughout the years. Basketball was invented onDecember 21,1891. The inventor of the game was a Canadian clergyman, James Naismith.

The game of basketball was fashioned from fragments of other games, seeking to eliminate flaws ofrugby, soccer.

Basketball was first played in the United States. In fact, the first game was played at one trainingschool, now called Springfield College.

Basketball is a simple game. The equipment used in the game is also very simple. In addition to thefield itself, all that is needed for a game is a ball. The very first ball that was used was a soccer balluntil 1894 when an actual «basketball» was invented. The basketball ball was slightly smaller, about 30 inches in diameter. The first baskets that were used, were two peach baskets hung fromthe balcony of the gymnasium.

In 1893, the backboard was invented. The first backboard was constructed out of wire mesh, then wood and now it is made out of glass so the backboard does not interfere with the viewing of thegame. Around that time, there was no name for this game.

By 1906, the peach baskets were replaced by metal baskets with holes in the bottom. This wasbetter than in the early days, when a ladder was used to climb and fetch the ball out of the basket.Finally, in 1913 a hoop with a net was invented. In my opinion, the invention of the hoop and netwas a major step in the developing of the game of basketball. Due to the free falling ball, thegame’s tempo increased, which allowed the game of basketball to develop even more.

In 1921, one man named the game «basketball» and it has been called basketball ever since.

In the very beginning Naismith introduced thirteen original rules for the game of basketball, in which12 out of the 13 original rules were still used up to 1934. The only rule, which changed, was that aplayer was now allowed to dribble a basketball. The rule of dribbling the basketball was first used in1896 at a basketball game at Yale University. With the introduction of the 13 original rules, Naismithcreated four fundamental principals, which stayed in the game from 1891to 1937. These fourfundamental principals stated, players with the ball must not make progress, the goal is above thehead of the players, roughness is eliminated and a player may not receive the ball by use ofcontact.

Through the years of 1891 to the 1940’s there were many rule changes as well as addition of rules to the game of basketball. By 1898, basketball leagues were starting to form in the United States. In1898, professional basketball was being played. The league was called the National BasketballLeague (NBL). The National Basketball League was made up of four teams like New York, Philadelphia, Brooklyn and New Jersey.

By 1932 basketball was officially gaining international status with the founding of the InternationalAmateur Basketball Federation in Geneva, Switzerland. In 1946, the Basketball Association ofAmerica was formed but it did not go far well because it was competing against the NationalBasketball League. But in 1949, the Basketball Association of America and the National BasketballLeague joined together.

They changed their name to the National Basketball Association (NBA). Throughout the formationof the league there were many rules that were added to the game of basketball In 1930’s, KennySailor invented the jump shot. Also in the 1940’s, Bob Kurland used block- shots. In 1952 the foullane was widened and the three-second rule was put into affect, so centres could not stationthemselves in front of the basket all the time. During the 1950’s the National Basketball Associationwas on the rise. During the 1970’s and 198G’s the expansion of the NBA had gone wild. In the mid1980’s and early 1990’s Michael Jordan, who was one of the greatest players in NBA history, dominated the game and took it to a wholly new level.

At this time, basketball was increasing in popularity. Nowadays it is played by 176 nations.

История баскетбола

Я собираюсь рассказать вам об одной очень популярной игре. Это — баскетбол.

Игра баскетбол развивалась в течение многих лет. Баскетбол был изобретен 21 декабря 1891 года. Изобретателем игры был канадский священнослужитель Джеймс Найсмит.

Игра баскетбол была создана из фрагментов других игр, с целью устранения недостатков регби, футбола.

Впервые в баскетбол сыграли в Соединенных Штатах в одной из спортивных школ, которая теперь называется Спрингфилдский колледж.

Баскетбол — это простая игра. Снаряжение, используемое в баскетболе, также очень простое. В дополнение к самому полю все, что необходимо для игры, — это мяч. До 1894 года, когда и был изобретен баскетбольный мяч, в игре использовался футбольный мяч. Баскетбольный мяч был немного меньше, приблизительно 30 дюймов в диаметре. Первые корзины, которые использовались в то время, были размером с две корзины из под персиков, которые подвешивались на балкон гимнастического зала.

В1893 году был изобретен баскетбольный щит. Первый баскетбольный щит был построен из проволочной сетки,
позже — из дерева, а теперь он сделан из стекла, так что его задняя часть не мешает смотреть игру. В то время для этой игры не было никакого названия.

К 1906 году корзины из под персиков были заменены металлическими корзинами с отверстиями в основании. Это улучшило игру, тогда как раньше приходилось использовать лестницу, чтобы подняться и вынуть мяч из корзины. Наконец, в 1913 году был изобретен обруч с сеткой. По моему мнению, изобретение обруча и сетки было решающим шагом в развитии игры баскетбол. Из-за свободного выпадения мяча темп игры увеличился, что позволило баскетболу развиваться еще быстрее.

В 1921 году один человек назвал игру «баскетболом», и с тех пор игра стала называться баскетболом.

В самом начале Нейсмит ввел 13 базовых правил для игры в баскетбол, двенадцать из которых так и использовались вплоть до 1934 года. Единственное правило, которое изменилось, состояло в том, что теперь игроку позволялось вести баскетбольный мяч. Правило ведения баскетбольного мяча впервые было использовано в 1896 году в Йельском университете. С вв

В жизни нет ничего невозможного / There is Nothing Unreal in this Life.

«There is nothing unreal in the life until a person is alive». These are the wordsthat my Mom has been saying to me all my life. I consider them the greatestwords in the world and I even can`t imagine what I would do if I didn`t knowthem.

The world is the place of different countries with their own cultures, people withtheir life, problems and dreams. Routine and work plunged the mankind into the abyss of the greydays. There are many people all over the world whom we can call «the grey mass». They can`t seeanything except work-days and they say that there is no place for miracles in this world. A typicallife, which is limited just to working, bringing up children, travelling to the seaside once a year, is thebest version for them. This kind of people consider that celebrities aren`t justordinary people but maybe even they`ve come here from some other planet!

As for me, I don`t think so. I`m hundred percent sure that celebrities are notsome creatures from space and there is human blood in their veins. They arepeople like us with their families, problems and plans for the future. Most ofthem had a bad childhood. Their problems were with fathers who often were alcoholics, relationswith the schoolmates who laughed at them, problems with their health and many more problemswhich made them strong inside and that`s why they decided to do a challenge to their destiny andprove everybody that they are not just guys who were always laughed at and beaten butindependent personalities who have everything best in this world and have achieved everything. And many of them did it! For example ArnoldSchwarzenegger had big problems with his father who didn`t like him much andoften humiliated him. And that is why our hero decided to go to the gym and hasmade his body as we can see it now. The fact is that in the time of World War 2 Arnold`s father Gustav was a member of the

Nazi party in Austria. When Arnold came to The USA and began to try himself in Hollywood films hehad a lot of problems with his father`s past. An American film director Dino De Laurentiis oncecalled him «a fascist». But nevertheless Arnold Schwarzenegger did his best and achieved his zealand now his is not only an American film star and hero of teenagers but also Governor of the stateof California.

These people are not so inaccessible as we suppose. To prove that I checked iton my own experience.

When I was 13 years old I wrote a letter to Jackie Chan. That time I didn`t knowEnglish well and with a great number of mistakes I asked him to send me hisautographed photo. A month later I received it. I found an envelope in my postbox with an autographed photo of Jackie in it.

Once I December I called to Arnold Schwarzenegger to congratulate him on Christmas. I called toSacramento, California where his governor`s residence is. That time he was out of work because ofhis broken leg. His operator answered me and said that she would tell the governor about my calland my congratulations.

One and a half year ago I wrote a little detective story and sent it to the World KickboxingChampion and American film star Don «The Dragon» Wilson. He answered meand wrote that it`s an interesting story and I should continue and develop itfurther if I wanted to become a Hollywood screenwriter. I couldn`t believe meeyes!

One year ago I wrote a letter to the American country singer Lee Greenwood. Isaw him in one episode of my favourite TV-show called «Walker, Texas Ranger». I asked him tosend me his photo. I sent it and forgot about it. But in the middle ofDecember I received a parcelfrom the USA. I saw his name and address on it. Me heart began to beat faster. When I opened it Ifound his autographed photo and… a CD with his best songs called «The Best Of LeeGreenwood». Some time later I emailed his band member called Paul Arntz and asked for a lyrics

of Lee`s song called «If You`ll Let This Fool Back In», which was included onthe CD. He answered and said that he`d sent my request to Mr. Greenwood andI would receive that lyrics soon from Lee personally. A week later this greatsinger sent it to me.

Also I wrote to an American karate champion and film star Bob Wall. He starred with Chuck Norrisand Bruce Lee in the late seventies. The fact is that I practice taekwondo, and that time I couldn`tperform the famous flying kick which looks so magnificent on the silver screen. That`s why I askedfor advice. He described in details how I should do it and said that I should practice it using a bag. Acouple of weeks of training— and now I can do that kick! Thanks to Bob Wall.

To speak in a nutshell, people shouldn`t limit themselves to an ordinary life and think that there issomething unreal in the life. Everything is real! Even those creatures from space whom we call«celebrities» turned out to be men.

«There is nothing unreal in the life until a person is alive!» I live by these words, just as my Momtold me.