Words and expressions to be learnt.

 

humanoid-	антропоморфный робот
aesthetically [is'thetɪk(ə)lɪ] -	эстетически;чувственно, посредством чувственных ощущений
actuating –	активация, приведение в действие
powerdensity -	плотность рассеиваемой мощности
cognitivescience-	когнитология, наука о мышлении
consciousness ['kɔnʃəsnəs] -	сознание
proprioceptive sensor -	проприоцептор, проприоцептивныйрецептор
mimic ['mɪmɪk] -	имитировать, воспроизводить
concept of zero moment point -	методмоментныхнулевыхточек
tiltsensor -	датчик наклона, электронный уровень
deceptively [dɪ'septɪvlɪ] -	обманчиво
cohesion [kəu'hiʒ(ə)n] -	сплочённость; сцепление, когезия
computationalcomplexity-	вычислительная сложность, число шагов или арифметических операций, требуемых для решения вычислительной проблемы
planningandcontrol -	планирования и управления
sensing -	считывание; восприятие; очувствление (роботов)
spirituality -	духовность, одухотворенность

EXERCISE 3

Determine the parts of speech paying attention to suffixes and prefixes of the following words. Translate them.

Machine - machining; supply - supplier; similar - similarly, direct - direction - directive - directly; differ - different - difference; set - setting; operate - operating - operation - operational - operative - operator; infinite - infinitely, rotate - rotation - rotational - rotative - rotary, advantage - advantageous; change - changer - changeable; remove - removal - removable; vary - various - variable - variety - variant - variation; base - basic – basically; avoid - avoidance; redundant- redundancy; character - characterize – characteristics; indicate- indicator – indicating – indication; dynamo – dynamic – dynamically.

 

EXERCISE 4

Read the following word combinations and translate them into Russian.

a) variable flexibility; anthropomorphic robot; autonomous robot; self-maintenance; outside assistance; safe interacting; all robotic scales; power/weight ratio; algorithms for the several areas of humanoid construction; in cohesion with; biological and mental processes; concepts of consciousness and spirituality; current and desired motion; zero moment point; highly structured environments.
б)to adapt to changes in its environment; to adjust strategies; to adapt to new situations; to merge all algorithms into one efficient system; to combine their efforts, reason and act like humans; to work in cohesion with humans; to create a more productive and higher quality future; to facilitate the enhancement of ordinary humans; to assist the sick and elderly; to operate equipment and vehicles designed for the human form; to sense the position, the orientation and the speed; to stay still like factory manipulators; to work in highly structured environments; to move in complex environments; to focus on self-collision detection, path planning and obstacle avoidance; to bring more complexity and new problems to planning and control.

 

EXERCISE 5

You’ve got acquainted with humanoid robots. What do you think as an engineer about robots in general and their application in science? Answerthefollowingquestions.

1. Which of the humanoids gives more complete characteristics of them? 2. What is meant by proprioceptive sensors? 3. What do the actuators include? 4. What do you think about the future of the humanoids? Do you agree with the conclusion of the text? Give your reasoning.

EXERCISE 6

Guess the meaning of the following word combinations.

Automatic controller; standard program; control system; pneumatic conveyor; a family of components; robot controller; to initiate a signal; a series of machines; a humanoid robot; to adapt to new situations; basic components; sensing, actuating and planning; control system and computational complexity; algorithms for humanoid construction; engineering, cognitive science and linguistics; to create a robot; human intelligence; biological and mental processes; personal assistance; automotive manufacturing line; space exploration missions; to sense the position and orientation; to indicate the actual position of the robot; electric, pneumatic, hydraulic, piezoelectric or ultrasonic actuators; dynamic balance; zero moment; factory manipulators.

EXERCISE 7