The temple of artemis in Ephesus

The Hellenistic period of 4th century BC was the great age of Ionic architecture. The ancient cities on the Asiatic coast (1) ___ and were largely rebuilt. Most of the cities (2) ___ farther east by Alexander the Great and his successorswere (3) ___ on them.

Although some of the temples of Ionia were among the largest the Greeks ever built, the have almost entirely (4) ___, leaving only a few traces, from which archaeologists have (5) ___ their former appearance.

For the temple at Ephesus there are more than usual literary records. The original sixth-century BC temple – itself a marvel in its own day – was reputedly (6) ___ by fire on the night Alexander the Great was born in 356 BC.

Alexander seems to have believed the story, because he (7) ___ to pay for the temple’s successor, which took its place among the Seven Wonders of the World. Surviving fragments of (8) ___ ornament suggest that it fully (9) ___ its reputation.

Pliny (10) ___ that 36 columns of the temple were (11) ___ with a relief, a peculiarity copied from the destroyed temple presumably (12) ___ with Alexander’s birth.

 

 

10. Образуйте соответствующее однокоренное слово.

THE LIGHTHOUSE OF ALEXANDRIA, EGYPT

The Lighthouse of Alexandria was one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. Built on the ancient island of Pharos, off the city’s coast, this

distinction (1) construction worked day and night to make the harbor distinguish (2) in the mist and mark dangerous waters around the island.

It was the rule (3) of Egypt, Ptolemy Soter, who began building the Lighthouse, but the complete (4) of the construction dates back to the reign of Ptolemy II (283-246 BC). Sostratus, the architecture (5) of the Lighthouse, carried out calculate (6) at the famous Alexandria Library. At the time, the Lighthouse was the tallest building on Earth, rise (7) over 40 stories high. It was built in three lay (8), the lowest was rectangular, the middle one was octagonal and the top was circle (9).

At the top of the Lighthouse a torch was kept burning all night to guide ships into the harbor. The Lighthouse’s most impress (10) feature was a mystery (11) mirror. According to a legend, the mirror was a weapon. It could direct

dazzle (12) sunrays onto enemy ships and burn them.

The Lighthouse stood for about 1,500 years before it was total (13) destroyed by an earthquake.

 

 

11. Образуйте соответствующее однокоренное слово.

THE COLISEUM

Amphitheatres were amenities for which the Greeks had little use, since the entertain (1) value of killing – whether the victims were wild beasts, crime (2) or gladiators – was keen (3) appreciated as late as in Rome. Since such exotic perform (4) occurred infrequently at first, only temporary wood (5) structures or natural

depress (6) were used.

However, in Rome with its imperial policy of bread and circuses, amphitheatres were especially designed as permanence (7) structures. They presented every conceive (8) problem for architects including the different needs of perform (9) and spectators, particular require (10) of safety and access. The ingenious interconnection of centre (11) corridors and inclines must have facilitatedthe hand (12) of large audiences.

The Coliseum was the largest of the Roman amphitheatres, but its name – now synonym (13) with its size – in fact, derives from a colossal statue of Nero nearby. The Coliseum had a seat (14) capacity for 48,000 people and its remnants evoke awe and admire (15) in visitors of the present-day Rome.

 

 

12. Образуйте соответствующее однокоренное слово.

TEOTIHUACÁN

 

The tremendous ruins of Teotihuacán, which are now merciless (1) restored, lie only 30 miles away from the present day Mexico City. They mark the locate (2) of the greatest metropolis of the ancient Americas; but Teotihuacán which flower (3) at the same time as the Imperial Rome, was already overgrown by the time the invade (4) Aztecs first saw it in about 1170 AD.

Teotihuacán is an impress (5) large site, which was in its day the biggest and most power (6) city of Mesoamerica. It was never a ‘lost’ city and the mass (7) excavation carried out in the 1960s provided more information about Teotihuacán than about any compare (8) Mexican site. The oldest pottery goes back to c 600 BC, but the rapid grow (9) did not begin until 200 AD. The majority (10) structures (the pyramids of the sun and the moon and the shrines along the ‘ Avenue of the Dead ’) were completed by c200 AD.

During its climax Teotihuacán was laid out in a regular grid pattern of temples, squares and resident (11) housing. The popular (12) of the city was in the 75-200,000 range, and, curious (13) enough, most of the inhabit (14) lived in single-storey apartment blocks, eachoccupied by several families.

 

 

13. Выберите подходящее слово из предложенных двух вариантов.