Match Russian sentences from part A (1–12) with their English equivalents from part B (a–i).

A

1. Жизнь на Земле существует везде и в различных условиях.

2. Но все живые существа должны быть приспособлены к окружающей среде.

3. Биология изучает жизненные процессы как у животных, так и у растений.

4. Эти два больших подразделения в биологии называются ботаникой и зоологией.

5. Как растения, так и животные должны иметь определенные условия для существования.

6. Как животные, так и растения не могут жить без воздуха, воды, пищи и света.

7. Одинаковые жизненные процессы имеют место как у животных, так и у растений.

8. Эти процессы называются дыханием, пищеварением, ростом и размножением.

9. Очень важный принцип живых организмов – это способность реагировать на внешние раздражения.

10. Животные реагируют на внешние раздражения через нервную систему и органы чувств.

11. Растения также приспосабливаются к окружающей среде и реагируют на внешние воздействия.

12. Однако механизм ответной реакции раздражения у растений сильно отличается от животных.

 

B

a) Animals and plants must have certain necessary conditions to exist.

b) Biology studies the living processes of both animals and plants.

c) Both plants and animals can't live without oxygen, water, food and light.

d) The two brunches in Biology are called Botany and Zoology.

e) Plants also adapt to the environment and respond to the external stimuli.

f) These processes are called respiration, digestion, growth and reproduction.

g) The same living processes are in the plants and animals.

h) The main principle of all living things is their ability to react to the external stimuli.

i) Though the mechanism of reacting of plants differs greatly from that of animals.

j) In animals this response to stimuli are accomplished by sense organs and nervous system.

k) Life exists in many places on the earth and in different conditions.

l) But all living things have to be adapted to the environment.

Grammar: Irregular plural nouns of Greek and Latin origin (revision).

Remember:

Species – species – вид (виды)

Analysis – analyses – анализ

Nucleus – nuclei – ядро

Stimulus – stimuli – возбудитель, стимул

Genus – genera – род

Phenomenon – phenomena – явление

Datum – data – данные

Maximum – maxima – максимальная величина

Alga – algae – водоросли

Bacterium – bacteria – бактерия

Medium – media – среда

Stoma – stomata – устьице

Bacillus – bacilli – бацилла

Hypothesis – hypotheses – гипотеза

Fungus – fungi – гриб

Thesis – theses – диссертация

Criterion – criteria – критерий

 

1.21 Form the plural of the following nouns:

Stimulus, nucleus, century, woman, city, fish, property, phenomenon, genus, datum, nucleus, alga, bacterium, process, theory, fruit.

 

The Passive Voice

The hunterkilledthe snake.

The snakewas killedby the hunter.

Сводная таблица времён to be + Participle Il (worked/written)

	Present	Past	Future	Future - in the - Past
Indefinite (Simple)	to be planted
am is — planted are	was planted were	shall be planted will	should be planted would
Continuous (Progres-sive)	to be being planted
am is — being planted are	was being planted were	—	—
Perfect	to have been planted
have been planted has	had been planted	shall have been will planted	should have been would planted

Read and translate the following sentences, paying attention to the use of the Passive forms.

A

1. The London Zoo was established in 1828 by the Zoological Society of London.

2. The protein of which feathers are made is also found in lizard skin.

3. What will happen if more of the Amazon forest is cut down?

4. The world’s birds have been grouped into 27 orders.

5. The boys found a bear caught in a trap which had been set by hunters.

B

1. Many kinds of exotic animals can be found in Australia today.

2. There are many people today who think that animals should not be kept in zoos.

3. An injured pet must be transported to the veterinary office or emergency clinic.

4. Some animals may be trained to obey certain commands.

5. Naturalists think that apes can be taught to communicate with the help of sign language.

Read about three animals. These animals live in different parts of the world and in very different habitats, but they have one very important thing in common. Match the texts with the names of the animals (the Mediterranean monk seal, the African elephant, the Blue Whale).

Text A

This is the largest animal, which has ever lived. It is three times heavier than the biggest dinosaur. Once there were over 200 000 of these creatures living in the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. However since the seventeenth century they have been hunted for their oil and meat. In fact, so many of them were killed that by 1963 their population had been reduced to just 1000. Today it is even less than that. This animal is protected by international law, but it is still being hunted. Many people believe that it will soon be extinct.

Text B

This is the world's largest land animal. In 1970 there were about 3.3 million of them living in the wild. Since then enormous numbers of them have been killed for their tusks, which are used to make ornaments and jewellery. Today there are fewer than one million of these animals left. Even though they are now protected, they are still being hunted. Between 50000 and 150000 of them are killed every year. Hunting is not the only human activity, which puts them in danger. Many of them are also losing their natural habitat as forests are cut down and grasslands are cleared.

 

Text C

For centuries this animal was often seen on the beaches around Greece, Turkey, Italy, Morocco and a number of other countries. However, in more recent years it has been put in great danger by human activity. It has been tightened away from the beaches by tourists. It has been hunted for its skin, oil and meat. It has also been killed by fishermen to stop it eating too many fish. Today there are fewer than 500 of these animals left. They are protected in many countries, but they are still being hunted. Many scientists believe there is a real danger that these creatures will not survive much longer.