VII. Прочитайте письма, написанные двумя подростками, учащимися в школе-интернате. Выберите правильное слово.

Dear Mum and Dad, I hate this boarding school! I’ve been here for a day, but I haven’t met (1) someone/ anyone I like yet. I’m really bored because there’s (2) something/ nothing to do in the evenings. I’m also very lonely. (3) Someone/ No one ever speaks to me. (4) Someone/ Everyone is unfriendly. I want to come home. Your unhappy son, Karl

 

Dear Mum and Dad, It’s a great school and I’m really happy here! I like the people a lot, (5) someone/ no one is unfriendly. Yesterday (6) someone/ anyone invited me to a party next Friday. I’m so busy – I’m having a great time. There’s (7) something/ nothing different on every evening. Tonight (8) someone/ anyone is coming to teach us modern dancing. I haven’t met (9) someone/ anyone who doesn’t like being here. No, that’s wrong. There’s a really unfriendly boy who hasn’t spoken to (10) someone/ anyone since he arrived here yesterday. It’s very sad to see him so unhappy. Perhaps I’ll ask him to the party then he can meet (11) anyone/ everyone. (12) Everything/ Anything here is wonderful. I’ll see you in the holidays. Love Hannah

VIII.* Прочитайте рассказ и заполните пробелы.

WHO IS TO BLAME?

This is a story about four people named Everybody, Somebody, Anybody and Nobody. There was an important job to be done and Everybody was sure that Somebody would do it. Anybody could have done it, but Nobody did it.

( Continue the story, supplying Everybody, Somebody, Anybody or Nobody.)

(1) _________ got angry about that, because it was (2) __________’s job. (3) _________ thought (4) _______ could do it, but (5) _________ realised that (6) __________ wouldn’t do it. In the end (7) ____________ blamed (8) _______ when (9) ________ did what (10) ________ could have.

IX. Заполните пробелы одним из следующих местоимений: somebody, anybody, something, anything, somewhere, anywhere.

 

Example: First, I didn’t know anybody in my new class.

1. ______ has broken my vacuum cleaner.

2. I’ve got ______ for you. I hope you’ll like it.

3. I feel bored. Let’s go ______.

4. Do you have ______ romantic to read?

5. It’s a pity, but we can’t do ______.

6. Does ______ mind if I open the window?

7. If you are so hungry, let’s go ______ to eat.

8. ______ has told me you’re getting married. Congratulations!

9. Oh! There’s ______ very heavy in your suitcase.

10. I’ll take ______ to read before going to the beach.

11. Have you already invited ______ to your party?

12. I haven’t got ______ to wear at all!

13. Let’s ask ______ to sing.

14. Don’t ask me! I don’t want to go ______.

15. Look! ______ is waving you.

16. Have you bought ______?

17. I want to go _______ exotic on holiday.

18. Give us _______ to drink, please.

19. Please don’t tell ______ about this accident.

20. I haven’t got ______ to talk to you about.

21. I think there’s _______ wrong with my watch. I must go to the repair shop.

22. I’m sure there’s ______ inside, just knock louder!

23. Do you know ______ here?

24. There is always _______ I don’t understand.

25. There isn’t ______ we can do now.

26. Can ______ serious come out of this?

27. I haven’t got ______ to say.

28. Quick, let’s go! There’s ______ coming.

29. Nobody can find ______ about when the exams will be.

30. Sally, there’s ______ downstairs who wants to speak to you.

31. I think there’s ______ strange about this man.

32. There’s ______ in my bag.

33. She said ______, but I didn’t understand.

34. He went to the shop, but he didn’t buy ______.

35. I can do this job alone. I don’t need ______ to help me.

36. We heard some noise. There’s ______ in the living room.

37. His face doesn’t look familiar. I haven’t seen him ______ before.

38. There isn’t ______ in the box. It’s empty.

39. I’m looking for my keys. Has ______ seen them?

40. I have never been ______ more beautiful than Rome.

 

Местоимения many и much имеют значение «много»; few и little имеют значение «мало». Местоимения many и (a) few употребляются с существительными исчисляемыми, тогда как much и (a) little - с существительными неисчисляемыми. Many и much обычно употребляются в вопросительных и отрицательных предложениях, в утвердительных предложениях в значении «много» обычно употребляется выражение a lot of (lots of).

 

X. Заполните пробелы одним из следующих слов, выражающих количество: much, many, a lot of, little, few.

 

Example: I didn’t have many friends in my class.

 

1. How ____ money have we got?

2. Please don’t put ____ pepper on the meat.

3. Are there ____ language schools in your city?

4. They’re really poor. They have ____ money.

5. The Sultan of Brunei owns ____ hotels all over the world.

6. She didn’t take ____ photographs at Christmas.

7. How ____ new English words did you learn yesterday?

8. Unfortunately, I have ____ friends.

9. Why are you eating so ____ ice-cream? You’ll have a cold!

10. Henry VII had ____ wives.

11. We don’t have ____ time, so we can’t help you. Sorry.

12. I can’t work. There’s ____ noise here.

13. Last time Ted didn’t make ____ mistakes.

14. Does your father earn ____?

15. There’re ____ parks in London.

16. It’s a pity, but my son reads ____.

17. We don’t need ____ sugar for this pie.

18. I never eat ____ bread with soup.

19. How ____ cars would you like to have if you were rich?

20. When I was a child I had ____ friends.

21. Have you got ____ work to do tonight?

22. This motorbike uses ____ petrol.

23. Are there ____ mushrooms in the forest this autumn?

24. Thank you very ____ for your help.

25. Hurry up! We have ____ time to waste.

26. I don’t have ____ time, so I can’t go with you.

27. How ____ photographs did you take this summer?

28. Please, try to make ____ noise. I’m working.

29. I have ____ time, so I will go with you.

30. Do you drink ____ tea?

XI. Закончите историю, используя слова, данные в таблице. Иногда возможно несколько правильных вариантов.

 

Some any much many few little

 

Once upon a time there was a little girl called Little Red Riding Hood. Her Grandmother lived in the forest a (1) few kilometers from Red Riding hood’s village. The Grandmother was ill and she didn’t have (2) _____ food to eat so Red put (3) _____ food into a basket to take to her. When Red was walking through the forest, she met a wolf.

‘What have you got in your basket?’ the Wolf asked.

‘I’m sorry, Wolf,’ said Red, ‘but I haven’t got (4) _____ time to talk. My Grandmother’s ill and I’m taking (5) _____ food to her.’

‘Oh, food. I’m very interested in food,’ said the Wolf. ‘What kind of food?’

‘Not a lot. A (6) ______ apples, (7) ______ bread, (8) _____ wine, a (9) _____ cheese, a (10) _____ potatoes, a (11) _____ cakes, (12) _____ tea and a (13) _____ sugar,’ Red said.

‘So you haven’t got (14) _____ meat?’ asked the wolf.

‘No, I haven’t.’ said Red.

‘And you haven’t got (15) _____vegetables, only potatoes,’ continued the Wolf.

‘Yes. Only a (16) _____ potatoes,’ answered Red.

‘Well!’ said the Wolf. ‘That’s a terrible diet! I’m not surprised your Grandmother’s ill.’

‘But she’s a vegetarian!’ said Red, angrily.

‘Well, she needs a (17) _____ eggs,’ replied the Wolf.

‘Don’t you read (18) _____ newspapers?’ asked Red. ‘There was an article in The Sun yesterday. It says eggs are bad for us.’

‘Rubbish!’ shouted the Wolf.

Their discussion went on through the night and into the next day. Sadly, Red’s Grandmother, who was a hundred years old, became very weak and died waiting for the food!

 

V. THE PREPOSITION

В современном английском языке предлоги служат средством выражения отношений существительного, местоимения, числительного или герундия к другим словам в предложении. Эти отношения в русском языке передаются падежными окончаниями или падежными окончаниями в сочетании с предлогом. Так, предлог of может передавать значение родительного падежа, выполняя в предложении функцию определения; предлог to - дательного падежа (дополнение с предлогом to); предлоги by и with - творительного (предложное дополнение).

Предлоги играют большую роль в словообразовании, входят в состав различных словосочетаний и выражений: at last - наконец, for good - навсегда, by no means - никоим образом, by the way - кстати и т.п.

По своей форме предлоги делятся на простые, сложные и составные.

К простым, не разложимым далее на составные части, предлогам относятся наиболее древние предлоги английского языка, большей частью односложные: in, on, at, by, to, with, from, of и т.д. Эти предлоги могут иметь по несколько самых разнообразных значений.

Сложные предлоги образовались путем словосложения. К ним относятся: inside - внутри, outside - снаружи, upon - на, into – в, throughout - через, повсеместно и т.п.

Составные предлоги представляют собой, в основном, сочетание существительного, прилагательного, наречия или причастия с простыми предлогами или союзами, объединенное с ними единым значением. Составной предлог имеет большей частью одно значение, соответствующее значению знаменательного слова, входящего в eго состав. Сюда относятся предлоги: because of - из-за; instead of - вместо; by means of - по-средством; as far as - до; by force of - в силу; in spite of - несмотря на; in front of - перед; in accordance with - в соответствии с; as compared with - по сравнению c; opposite to - против и др.

 

I. Прочитайте предложения и выберите правильный вариант ответа.

 

Example: They're listening ____ the news.

A. at B. to C. –

 

a. Who is she looking ______?

A. on B. at С. to

2. What's the matter.______ him?

A. by B. with С. from

3. No large ships can go ________ that bridge.

A. over B. across C. under

4. It's time for coffee. All the students are coming ______ their lessons.

A. off B. out of С. out

5. What time does your plane take ______?

A. off B. out С. from

6. After failing his driving test four times, he finally gave ______ trying to pass.

A. in B. off C. up

7. I go to school on foot, but yesterday I went to school _____ bus.

A. on B. in C. by

8. Bye, see you ______ Monday morning.

A. on B. at C. in

9. She got married ______ the age of 19.

A. in B. of C. at

10. Jim is a person I can rely ______.

A. at B. on C. for

11. According ______ the forecast the weather will remain better than usual for this time of year.

A. for B. to C. of

12. I haven’t seen her ______ Monday.

A. since B. for C. by

13. My little brother is afraid ______ spiders.

A. to B. for C. of

14. You shouldn’t depend ______ Tom, he’s always late.

A. of B. on C. to

15. Who has paid ______ the meal?

A. for B. out C. with

16. The banks close ______ 7 o’clock in the evening.

A. in B. at C. on

17. Bob is going to play tennis ______ next Sunday.

A. – B. in C. on

18. My sister is always angry ______ me when I am late.

A. at B. on C. with

19. I can’t open the door, I’m looking ______ the key.

A. for B. after C. in

20. Don’t laugh ______ my little sister.

A. on B. at C. about

 

II. Прочитайте предложения и вставьте пропущенные предлоги.

 

Example: Who are you waiting for?

 

1. Why has he fallen ______ love with such a strange girl?

2. Chris’s gone, but he’ll return ______ an hour.

3. I am not interested ______ football at all.

4. I haven’t seen Clare ______ many years.

5. The headquarters of the company are ______Milan.

6. What was the answer ______ question 3 in the text?

7. When Paul left home, his attitude ______ his parents seemed to change.

8. We sent ______ a doctor when my brother grew worse.

9. He asked me to look ______ the document and then to sign it.

10. My car is being repaired at the garage. It’ll be ready ______ two hours.

11. He said he was sorry ______ the situation but there was nothing he could do.

12. Little Nelly has been in bed ______ 3 days and she is still running a high temperature.

13. I’ve been invited to a wedding ______ 14 February.

14. She put ______ her glasses as the sun was too bright.

15. I’m tired ______ doing the same every day, I need a change.

16. She’s got married ______ my cousin.

17. I haven’t seen you ______ ages.

18. You are right. I agree ______ you.

19. Bob went playing tennis ______ last Sunday.

20. Who were you talking ______ when I met you yesterday?

21. All last winter he suffered ______ coughs and colds.

22. If you don't understand any of these words, you could refer ______a dictionary.

23. It wasn't his car, in fact I don't know who it belongs ______.

24. Nurses are very badly paid, I think they should insist ______ higher rates of pay.

25. The poor driver - I really sympathize ______ him, it wasn't his fault.

26. Keep enough money to pay ______ your ticket.

27. They complained ______ me about the noise.

28. She left Boston _______ Paris when she was 19.

29. If something is wrong, why don't you do something _____it?

30. I've always been terribly fond _______ you.

 

III.* А) Соотнесите фразовый глагол в колонке А с его русским эквивалентом из колонки В.

 

1. bring about d)	a) привести кого-л (принести что-л) с собой; способствовать совершенствованию каких-л качеств, развивать
2. bring along	b) производить, выпускать (новый продукт)
3. bring down	c) воспитывать, растить кого-л
4. bring out	d) вызывать, быть причиной
5. bring up	e) свалить, сломать, снижать (цены)

B) Закончите предложения, поставив фразовые глаголы из колонки А в правильную видовременную форму.

 

Example: He was born and brought up in Ireland.

 

1. If you go to the picnic, don’t __________ your younger brother.

2. I am always obliged to my first coach for __________ my success.

3. How long will it take __________ such a change?

4. More study should __________ your English.

5. He __________ his fourth book last year.

6. What __________ this quarrel?

7. The scandal __________ his career.

 

IV.* Прочитайте предложения и выберите правильный вариант ответа.

 

Example: Nobody believed Paul at first but he __________ to be right.

A. came out В. turned out

С. worked out D. carried out

1. Here's some good news. It will_____________.

A. turn you up В. put you up

С. blow you up D. cheer you up

2. I was annoyed with the way the children were behaving, so I ________.

A. told them up В. told them off

С. told them out D. told them over

3. The club committee is _____________ of the president, the secretary and seven other members.

A. set up В. made up

С. set out D. made out

4. You were going to apply for the job, and then you decided not to. So what _____________?

A. put you off В. put you out

С. turned you off D. turned you away

5. I had no idea that he was lying to me. I was completely ____________.

A. taken in В. taken down

С. taken off D. taken over

6. Barbara started a course at college, but she _______________ after six months.

A. went out В. fell out

С. turned out D. dropped out

7. You can't predict everything. Often things don't ______________ as you expect.

A. make out В. break out

С. work out D. get out

8. Why are all these people here? What's________________?

A. going off В. getting off

С. going on D. getting on

9. It's a very busy airport. There are planes _____________ or landing every few minutes.

A. going up В. taking off

С. getting up D. driving off

10. The traffic was moving slowly because a bus has __________ and was blocking the road.

A. broken down В. fallen down

С. fallen over D. broken up

V. Прочитайте тексты и вставьте пропущенные предлоги.

 

CRAZY PREPOSITIONS

(1) __On__ Wednesday I had an important interview (2) ______ a job. I gotup (3) ______ 7 o'clock in the morning and shaved carefully. I put (4) ______ my best jacket and trousers. I had to travel (5) ______ train, so I walked to the station.

(6) ______ my way I saw a man who was painting his fence (7) ______ red paint. The man didn't notice me: he was looking (8) ______ the fence. Then he turned suddenly and splashed my beautiful trousers!

I was very angry (9) ______ the man. He apologised (10) ______ me, but the damage was done. There was a department store not far (11) ______ the station, so I decided to buy a new pair.

I found a nice pair of trousers and since I was short (12) ______ time, I decided to change (13) ______ the train. The shop was full, so I paid hurriedly (14) ______ my trousers, grabbed my shopping bag and left.

I arrived (15) ______ the station just (16) ______ time to catch the train. I was very proud (17) ______ myself. 'Now I won't be late (18) ______ the interview,' I thought and smiled happily (19) ______ an elderly lady who was staring (20) ______ my trousers.

I went (21) ______ the toilet to change. I threw away my stained trousers and opened the bag to get my new ones, but all I found was a pink woollen sweater!

 

LITTLE RED RIDING WOLF

(1) ______ the very darkest corner (2) ______ the deep dark wood sat the Big Bad Girl.

The Big Bad Girl was just about as BIG as BAD as a girl can be, and all the woodland animals were afraid (3) ______ her. She hung about beside the forest path and carved her name (4) ______ trees. She shouted rude things (5) ______ any little animal who passed (6) ______. The Big Bad Girl tripped up little deer. She stole fir cones (7) ______ baby squirrels and threw them (8) ______ the poor little hedgehogs. The woodland birds didn’t dare to sing when the Big Bad Girl was around!

But the person the Big Bad Girl liked to tease most (9) ______ all was a charming little wolf cub who often passed (10) ______ ______ his way to visit his dear Old Granny Wolf.

Little wolf was the sweetest, fluffiest, politest little cub you could ever hope to meet. He would run (11) ______ the path, carrying a basket (12) ______ freshly baked goodies for Old Granny Wolf, singing all the time…

 

I’m a little wolfie, good and sweet.

I am tidy, I am neat.

With a basket full of lovely grub,

I am Granny’s favourite cub.

 

“What’s (13) ______ your basket today, Little – Weedy – Wolfie – Wimp?” snarled the Big Bad Girl. “ Mmmm, apple pies? I’ll take those. Jam sandwiches? Very tasty.”

“Oh, dear, oh, dear! Now there will be nothing (14) ______ dear Old Granny Wolf,” wailed little Wolfie. And his little wolfie tears rolled (15) ______ the empty basket.

 

VI. THE VERB

 

К глаголу как части речи относятся слова, которые обозначают действия (to go; to build), состояния (to sleep; to rest), чувства (to hear; to love), процессы мышления (to think; to understand). По форме глаголы отличаются от других частей речи тем, что они могут выражать грамматические категории времени, вида, залога, наклонения, лица и числа.

 

Глагольные конструкции

В русском языке иногда в предложениях используется не один глагол, а два — один идет за другим. Например: мне нужно идти, я хочу учить английский. Причем в предложении меняется в зависимости от времени, лица и числа только первый глагол, а второй четко сохраняет свою форму. Например: я хочу (настоящее время) учить (инфинитив), хотел (прошедшее время) учить (инфинитив) и буду хотеть (будущее время) учить (инфинитив) английский. Глагол учить во всех трех случаях сохраняет свою форму инфинитива. В английском языке возможны три варианта формы второго глагола: to-infinitive, bare infinitive (without to) verb+ing.

1. V1+to +V2

Если первым стоит такой глагол как: want, plan, ask, arrange, choose, decide, hope, help, forget, promise, offer, seem, would like, то за ним идет to-infinitive.

Пример: She decided to give up her job.

 

2. V1+V2

Если первым глаголом является глагол watch, help, see, let, make (заставлять), hear и большинство модальных глаголов (can, may, shall, should, will, would, must), то второй глагол используется в форме инфинитива без частицы to.

Пример: They made me wait. Let him go.

 

3. V1 +V2 (-ing)

Если первым стоит один из глаголов love, like, enjoy, adore, avoid, can't stand, deny, finish, mind, imagine, give up, practice, recommend, risk, suggest, то второй будет с окончанием –ing.

Пример: She loves dancing. I don't mind helping you.

 

4. V1 + V2 (ing) или V1+to+V2

Эта конструкция работает, если первым глаголом являются: begin, continue, intend, start, finish, end.

Пример: It started raining. = It started to rain. I continued to work in the library. = I continued working in the library.

 

I. Прочитайте предложения и выберите правильный вариант ответа.

 

Example: Paula has given up (smoke) __________.

A. smoke B. to smoke C. smoking

1. I promised _______ in time.

A. come B. to come C. coming

2. Let me _______ your bag.

A. carry B. to carry C. carrying

3. I don't enjoy _______ very much.

A. dance B. to dance C. dancing

4. It was funny. I couldn't help _______.

A. laugh B. to laugh C. laughing

5. Would you mind _______ the door, please?

A. close B. to close C. closing

6. I'd prefer _______ a taxi.

A. get B. to get C. getting

7. He is very good at _______ languages.

A. learn B. to learn C. learning

8. David insisted on _______ for the meal.

A. pay B. to pay C. paying

9. It is no use _______ about it.

A. worry B. to worry C. worrying

10. Let's go to the pool _______ a swim.

A. have B. to have C. having

11. Ann was surprised _______ you last week.

A. see B. to see C. seeing

12. He prevented them from ______ the same mistake.

A. do B. to do C. doing

13. Ann was made _______ her suitcase.

A. open B. to open C. opening

14. Do you know how _______ to his house?

A. get B. to get C. getting

15. He is looking forward to _______ them again.

A. see B. to see C. seeing

16. I can't afford _______ tonight. I'm too tired.

A. go out B. to go out C. going out

17. His mother made him _______ the room.

A. clean B. to clean C. cleaning

18. Has it stopped ______ yet?

A. rain B. to rain C. raining

19. Why do you keep _______ me questions?

A. ask B. to ask C. asking

20. I refuse _______ his questions.

A. answer B. to answer C. answering

21. When he was a child, he hated ________ to bed early.

A. go B. to go C. going

22. I can't stand _______ here any more.

A. work B. to work C. working

23. They translated a story into English without _______ a dictionary.

A. use B. to use C. using

24. When I was a child, my brother didn't let me ______ with him.

A. play B. to play C. playing

25. My Mum hates ______ television.

A. watch B. to watch C. watching

26. I don't really mind ______.

A. cook B. to cook C. cooking

27. This book is worth ______.

A. read B. to read C. reading

28. I want ______ a new car.

A. buy B. to buy C. buying

29. They'd like ______ at home this weekend.

A. stay B. to stay C. staying

30. It was lovely ______ you again at Ann's party.

A. see B. to see C. seeing

31. She decided ______ this job.

A. take B. to take C. taking

32. I'm tired. I would like ______ to bed.

A. go B. to go C. going

33. Where's Bill? He promised _______ here on time.

A. be B. to be C. being

34. I'm surprised that you're here. I didn't expect _______ you.

A. see B. to see C. seeing

35. I'm not interested in ________.

A. hike B. to hike C. hiking

36. What shall we do this afternoon? Would you like ______ to the beach?

A. go B. to go C. going

37. This film is worth ________,I liked it very much.

A. see B. to see C. seeing

38. I am fond of ______ stamps.

A. collect B. to collect C. collecting

39. The weather was terrible, so we decided ________ at home.

A. stay B. to stay C. staying

40. Do your parents allow you ______ with anybody you want?

A. go B. to go C. going

 

Придаточные обстоятельственные условные предложения выражают условие совершения действия, выраженного сказуемым главного предложения.

В условных предложениях первого типа условия совершения действия только реальные. В основной части предложения глагол имеет форму Future Indefinite, а условная часть имеет форму Present Indefinite. В условной части могут присутствовать разнообразные союзы, а не только if.

If we start off now, we’ll arrive by dinner time.

Второй тип условного предложения выражает нереальное действие. НО, эта нереальность не является абсолютной. В основной части предложения глагол имеет форму would + infinitive, а в условной части используется форма Past Indefinite.

If I were you, I would accept the offer.

 

II. Прочитайте предложения и выберите правильный вариант ответа.

Example: If you________ more exercise, you would feel better.

A. took B. would take C. take

1. I'll give you my address when I _________ somewhere to live.

A. would find B. find C. found

2. Many people would be out of work if that factory _________.

A. will close down B. closes down С. closed down

3. If I was offered the job, I think I ___________ it.

A. take B. took С. would take

4. If I have time, I _________ to the meeting.

A. will go B. went C. go

5. Would they come if we ___________ them?

A. invited B. shall invite C. invite

6. If I _______ his address, I would tell you.

A. know B. knew C. will know

7. If you ________ more, you could learn English quickly.

A. will study B. would study С. studied

8. If I ___________ to the party, they would be offended.

A. don't go B. didn't go C. won't go

9. What will you do if he ____________ you tonight?

A. will not pay B. wouldn't pay C. doesn't pay

10. If I were you, I _________ this car.

A. will sell B. would sell C. sold

11. This soup would taste better if it _______ more salt in it.

A. has B. had C. will have

12. He'll be furious if he ever ________about this.

A. finds out B. found out С. will find out

13. The animals at the Zoo ________ unless they’re fed.

A. died B. will die C. would die

14. He ________ a car provided that he passes his driving test.

A. will buy B. would buy C. bought

15. If I were you, I ________ a doctor.

A. would see B. will see C. saw

16. If you _______ your medicine, you won't get better.

A. didn't take B. don't take C. won't take

17. If you ________ the book, you won't understand the story.

A. don't finish B. won’t finish C. didn't finish

18. He'll give you some money as soon as he _________ his salary.

A. got B. will get C. gets

19. I'm sure Sue _________ if you explain the situation to her.

A. understood B. will understand С. understands

20. What would you do if you______ a lot of money?

A. won B. have won С. will win

21. If you __________ wrong this time, nobody will ask for your opinion again.

A. are B. will be С. were

22. If I __________ you, I would never speak to him again.

A. were B. am C. would be

23. If he __________ for London by train, he will get there on Wednesday.

A. will leave B. leaves C. left

24. If I were you, I _________ her.

A. would help B. will help C. help

25. If I _________ John tomorrow, I’ll give him a letter.

A. will see B. saw C. see

26. If pigs __________ wings, they would fly.

A. had B. have C. would have

27. If I were you, I __________ a house in the country.

A. bought B. will buy C. would buy

28. If Tom __________ hard, he will pass his exams.

A. will work B. worked C. works

29. He will translate the text if he __________ a dictionary at hand.

A. will have B. has C. would have

30. If I had one million dollars, I __________ a yacht.

A. bought B. will buy C. would buy

 

Страдательный залог (Тhe Passive Voice)

The Passive Voice устанавливает, что лица или предмет, обозначенные подлежащим, являются объектами действия, выраженного сказуемым. Тhe Passive Voice представляет собой аналитическую форму, которая образуется с помощью глагола to be в соответствующем времени и причастия II (Participle II) смыслового глагола.

Тhe Passive Voice существует в следующих видовременных формах:

Инфинитив to be done (быть сделанным)

 

Tense Aspect	Present	Past	Future	Future in the Past
Indefinite	am is done are	was done were	will be done	would be done
Continuous	am is being done are	was being done were	-	-
Perfect	have been done has	had been done	will have been done	would have been done

Как видно из таблицы, в страдательном залоге нет времен Perfect Continuous, Future Continuous, Future Continuous in the Past.

Отрицательная и вопросительная формы страдательного залога образуются по тем же правилам, что и соответствующе формы действительного залога, а именно:

1) в отрицательной форме частица not ставится после первого вспомогательного глагола - The bоok hаs not been written;

2) в вопросительной форме первый вспомогательный глагол ставится перед подлежащим – Has the book been written?

Значение и употребление времен глагола в страдательном залоге такое же, как и времен глагола в действительном залоге.