Chapter Two The English Revolution 1640-1660 — КиберПедия 

Опора деревянной одностоечной и способы укрепление угловых опор: Опоры ВЛ - конструкции, предназначен­ные для поддерживания проводов на необходимой высоте над землей, водой...

Наброски и зарисовки растений, плодов, цветов: Освоить конструктивное построение структуры дерева через зарисовки отдельных деревьев, группы деревьев...

Chapter Two The English Revolution 1640-1660

2017-06-11 263
Chapter Two The English Revolution 1640-1660 0.00 из 5.00 0 оценок
Заказать работу

Chapter Eleven Stalin

 

Stalin was bom Joseph Vissarionovich Djugashvili, in the mountain village of Gori in the province of Georgia in 1879. His father was a peasant from the town Dido-Lilo. His mother, Ekaterina Geladze, was a devoutly religious woman whose forebears had been serfs in the village of Gambarouli.

 

Not a great deal is known about Stalin’s father, except that he sometimes worked as a labourer and sometimes as a cobbler in a shoe factory in Adelkhanov. He is said to have been an easygoing individual who liked to drink a great deal. Stalin’s mother, however, was a devoted mother and worked hard. She took in washing to earn extra money for her family’s benefit.

 

Her ambition was to see Stalin become a priest. She skimped and saved to provide him with the necessary education. Young Stalin attended the elementary school in Gori for four years and won a scholarship which entitled him to attend the Tiflis Theological Seminary. But Stalin wasn’t cut out for a religious life. He was continually getting into trouble with the seminary authorities. He was expelled after completing four years of study. He then joined a group of young revolutionaries.

 

Stalin first married Ekaterina Svanidze, who bore him a son, Yasha-Jacob Djugashvili. This boy was never very bright. Even after his father became dictator, he worked as an electrician and mechanic.

 

Stalin’s second wife was Nadya. Allilyova who bore him two children, Vasili, a son, and Svetlana, a daughter. Vasili became a major-general in the Soviet Air Force. He usually led the flying demonstrations on special occasions of state after his father became dictator. He was thrown into the discard after his father died.

 

Stalin and his second wife don’t seem to have got along very well together. Stalin had an affair with a beautiful Jewess, Rosa Kaganovich. She is reported to have been living with Stalin when his second wife, Nadya, committed suicide.

 

It is believed that in addition to Stalin’s love affairs, Nadya became more and more depressed as the result of the mthless way in which Stalin slaughtered so many of her co-religionists whom he accused of being diversionists.

 

Rosa’s brother, Lazar Kaganovich, was a great friend of Stalin’s. He was made a member of the Politburo and retained his office until Stalin died. Kaganovich proved his ability as Commissioner for Heavy Industry when he developed the Donetz Basin Oil Fields and built the Moscow subway. Kaganovich’s son, Mihail, married Stalin’s daughter Svetlana.?jQ What became of Svetlana’s first husband remains a mystery. It would appear that Svetlana’s first hubby removed himself, or was removed, to allow Kaganovich’s son to marry Stalin’s daughter, just as Stalin’s second wife removed herself or was removed, to allow Stalin to marry

 

Kaganovich’s sister, Rosa. It is reported that Stalin did marry Rosa after his wife’s suicide. Molotov, vice-premier to Stalin, was married to a Jewess, the sister of Sam Karp, owner of the Karp Exporting Co. of Bridgeport, Conn. Molotov’s daughter was engaged to Stalin’s son, Vasili, in 1951, so the Politburo was to a certain extent ‘A Family Compact’.

 

As was mentioned previously, Stalin only became a member of the Upper Crust of the Russian revolutionary party because, during the preliminary phases of the Russian Revolution, many of the better known leaders were in jail. Stalin never rose to any very exalted position in the Communist Party during Lenin’s dictatorship. It was during Lenin’s last illness that Stalin jockeyed for position, and then he moved out in front, to eliminate Trotsky and other Jewish contenders. Once he took over the leadership he never relinquished it until his death.

 

How Stalin rose to power is an interesting story. Lenin suffered a paralytic stroke in May 1922, and this affected his speech and motor reflexes. In December of that year he appointed a triumvirate composed of Zinoviev, Kamenev and Stalin to share the problems of government. Shortly after Lenin suffered another stroke and died. Trotsky has suggested, and his followers believe, Stalin helped bring about Lenin’s death because he was irritated by Lenin’s incapacity and prolonged illness.

 

When the triumvirate started to function in Moscow the Politburo included of Lenin, Zinoviev, Kamenev, Trotsky, Bukharin, Tomsky, and Stalin. Zinoviev and Kamenev had been Lenin’s right hand men from the day he became dictator. They naturally regarded themselves as the senior members of the triumvirate and logically his successors. Zinoviev treated Stalin in a circumspectly patronizing manner and Kamenev treated him with a touch of irony.[2]

 

Zinoviev and Kamenev considered Trotsky as their real competitor for the dictatorship after Lenin died. In Trotsky’s book “Stalin” he records that Stalin was used by both Zinoviev and Kamenev as a counterweight against him (Trotsky) and to a lesser extent by other members of the Politburo also. No member of the Politburo at that time thought Stalin would one day rise away above their heads.

 

Zinoviev was considered senior member of the triumvirate when he was delegated to give the opening address of the 12th Party Congress, a function Lenin had always reserved for himself on previous occasions. Zinoviev didn’t go over too well. Stalin was quick to take advantage. Before the congress was over, Stalin had secured control over the Communist Party machine and held a dominant position in the triumvirate. This was the situation when Lenin died in 1924. In April 1925 Stalin had Trotsky removed as war commissar. He then broke relations with Zinoviev and Kamenev and allied himself with Bukharin, Rykov, and Tomsky. Zinoviev, Kamenev and Trotsky then united forces in opposition to Stalin, but they had moved too late. In February, 1926, Stalin had Zinoviev expelled from the Politburo; then from the presidency of the Petersburg (Leningrad) Soviet; and finally from the presidency of the Third International.

 

In October, 1926, Stalin had Kamenev and Trotsky expelled from the Politburo. Next year Stalin had his three enemies removed from the Central Committee of the Communist Party and shortly afterwards he had them read out of the party altogether.

 

In 1927 Trotsky tried to start a revolt against Stalin on the grounds that he was departing from the Marxian ideology and substituting an imperialistic totalitarian dictatorship for a genuine Union of Sovietized Socialist Republics. What everyone seems to have failed to realize was the fact that Stalin had been nominated to rule the Soviets by the international bankers. He had to purge Russia of all men who might obstruct their Long Range Plans.

 

During the purge several million people were slain and about an equal number sent to forced labour. Many men who had been leaders of the revolutionary movement, since the First International was formed, were hounded to death or imprisoned. Amongst the leaders Stalin purged were Trotsky, Zinoviev, Kamenev, Martynov, Zasulich, Deutch, Parvus, Axelrod,

 

Radek, Uritzky, Sverdlov, Dan, Lieber, and Martov. About the only Jews close to Stalin at the time of his death were Kaganovich, his brother-in-law and Rosa, his third wife.

 

Stalin continued to develop Lenin’s policy to establish the Communist sphere of influence between the 35th and 45th parallels of latitude right around the northern hemisphere. Many revolutionary leaders in other countries became convinced that Stalin had developed personal Imperialistic ideas and was intent upon making himself ruler of a world-wide totalitarian dictatorship. They were right. Stalin took his orders, as Lenin had done, from the men who are “THE SECRET POWER” behind the World Revolutionary Movement, until 1936 and then he began to ignore their mandates, as will be proved.

 

Stalin did not want to involve his armed forces in wars with other nations. His policy was to feed the revolutionary fires in all countries to the south between the 35th and 45th parallels of latitude. His policy paid off exceedingly well. At the time of his death, Communistic control had been established over half the territory in the Northern Hemisphere. About half the world’s population had been subjugated.

 

Lenin had stated in 1921 that Spain was to be the next country Sovietized. Upon his death Stalin accepted the subjugation of Spain as a pious legacy. Once Spain had been turned into a so-called proletarian dictatorship it would be an easy matter to subjugate France and Britain. Germany would then be between the nut-crackers. If by some mischance the subjugation of Spain failed to materialize, then the incident could be used to help bring about World War II. While preparing for the Spanish revolution, Stalin was ordered by the international bankers to take an active part in an economic war which was planned in 1918 immediately after the Armistice had been signed. Generally speaking, the people who had not been engaged in the actual fighting became prosperous during World War I. When the fighting ended the people in the allied countries enjoyed two boom years. Then, after speculative investments had just about reached their peak, vast amounts of money were withdrawn from circulation. Credits were restricted. Calls were made on loans. In 1922-25 a minor depression was experienced.[3] This economic juggling was a preliminary experiment before the Powers-That-Be brought about the great depression of 1930.

 

After 1925 financial policy was reversed and conditions steadily improved until prosperity in America, Britain, Canada, and Australia, reached an all-time record. Speculation in stocks and bonds and real estate went wild. Then, towards the end of 1929 came the sudden crash, and the greatest depression ever known settled down over the free world. Millions of people were rendered destitute. Thousands committed suicide. Misgovemment was blamed for the economic upset which made paupers out of tens of millions of people, and trillionaires out of three hundred who were already millionaires.

 

In 1925 Stalin started his five-year industrial plans to increase the so-called Sovietized countries internal recovery. The plan was to exploit the natural resources, manufacture raw materials into useful commodities, and modernize industrial and agricultural machinery. This vast Five Year Plan was financed by loans from the international bankers. This programme, when added to the development of the Russian and German war potential under the Abmachungen (agreements) previously referred to, gave a great boost to Soviet economy. The fact that the Rulers of Russia could use millions of men and women as slaves gave those who enslaved them an additional advantage over nations which employ paid labour, and maintain a high standard of living.

 

The next move was the collectivization of farms. For centuries the serfs in Russia had been little better than slaves of the landed proprietors. Lenin had won their support by promising them even greater concessions than they had been granted under the benevolent rule of Premier Peter Arkadyevich Stolypin from 1906 to 1914, when over 2,000,000 peasant families seceded from the village mir and became individual land owners. By January 1st, 1916, the number had increased to 6,200,000 families.

 

But, in order to secure the loans they had made for the Abmachungen and industrial development programmes, the international bankers insisted that they control the import and export trade of the Sovietized nations. They also demanded the collectivization of farms as the only means to obtain greatly increased agricultural production.

 

 

History records what happened when Stalin enforced the edicts. He has always been blamed personally for the inhuman atrocities which made the peasants comply with the laws. Many versions of what happened have been given. The truth, as I reported it to American newspapers in 1930, has never been published to date. It is acknowledged that over 5,000,000 peasants were executed, or systematically starved to death, because they refused to obey, or tried to evade the edicts. Over 5,000,000 more were sent to forced labour in Siberia. What is not generally known is the fact that the grain which was confiscated from the Russian farmers was pooled together with a vast quantity of grain purchased by the agents of the international bankers in other countries except Canada and the United States. In addition to this comer on grain the international bankers bought up huge supplies of processed and frozen meats in the Argentine and other meat producing countries. Canada and the United States could not find a market for their cattle, or their grain.

 

During the period 1920-1929 the international bankers subsidized shipping in most countries except Britain, Canada, and the United States. As the result of this commercial piracy, it became impossible for ships owned in Britain, Canada, and the United States to compete with ships owned by other countries. Thousands of ships were tied up idle in their home ports.

 

Export trade fell off to an all-time low.

 

The falling off of exports from the allied nations was accompanied by increasing the importation of cheaply manufactured goods from Germany, Japan, and central European countries. To enjoy reasonable prosperity, five out of every eight wage-eamers in Canada must obtain their pay directly or indirectly as a result of the export trade. When the export trade falls off a recession immediately follows, due to loss of purchasing power among five-eighths of the population. This immediately affects those who earn their living by rendering services of one kind or another. If the export trade remains down, then the recession deteriorates into a depression.

 

To make absolutely sure that the skids were completely knocked from under the economic structures of allied countries, the men who had cornered grain and meats began to dump their supplies on the markets of the world at prices below the cost of production in Canada, America and Australia. This action brought about a situation in which the granaries of the countries allied together in World War I were bursting with grain they couldn’t sell, while the people of other countries were starving to death for want of bread and meat. Britain needs to earn?85,000,000 a year from her ocean services in order to offset her unfavourable annual trade balance each year. The British economy was given a severe jolt when unfair competition made it impossible for her to earn this money. The British people were forced to buy their bread and meat in the cheapest markets. This artificially produced economic mess-up was used by the men who master-mind international intrigue to cause grave misunderstanding between different units of the British Commonwealth of Nations and thus weaken the bonds of Empire.[4]

 

As the result of this economic war, the shipping, industrial, and agricultural activities of the allied or capitalistic countries were brought to a virtual standstill, while the Soviet States and the Axis Powers worked at full capacity. Once again it must be remembered that the men who plot and plan the World Revolutionary Movement always work on the fundamental principle that wars end depressions and pave the way for revolutionary action in countries that still remain to be subjugated. This being a fact, it was essential to the furthering of their Long Range Plans to arrange international affairs so they could bring about World War II when they wished to do so. As Spain had been indicated by Lenin and Stalin as holding a key position, the manner in which Spain was used will be studied next.

 

1 The marriage of Svetlana Stalin to Mihail Kaganovich was reported in the Associated Press, July 15th, 1951.

 

2 Note: ‘Stalin’, by Trotsky, page 337 (ibid page 48).

 

3 This is explained in Chapters 1 and 2 of “The Red Fog”.

 

4 This phase of history is dealt with more extensively elsewhere.

 

Chapter Fourteen Franco

 

To understand what happened in Spain in 1936, one must have at least a general idea of the type of man Franco really is. Franco entered the Spanish army seriously intending to make it his career. His life in the army reads like a romance. He distinguished himself after he was appointed to the Spanish Legion. He turned the defeat inflicted on General Sylvestre by the Moors, into final victory. Not only did he lead his troops fearlessly, but he inspired in them great confidence because of his genius regarding strategy. He also earned the respect of his foes, because of his military progress, and his sound administrative policies in Morocco. The Moors finally looked upon him as almost divine. They came to call him “The Victorious”; “Chief of Chiefs”; “Brave as a Lion”. The above facts explain why they rallied around him when he asked for their loyalty in July 1936.

 

Franco is not spoken of as being popular with his brother generals. He did, however, have the respect of most of them. It was this fact that prevented the Popular Front Government being turned into a totalitarian dictatorship.

 

Azana, Caballero, and Carlos Prieto, dominated the Popular Front Government. Senor Gil Robles, and Calvo Sotelo, led the Rightist opposition.

 

When Sotelo revealed in the “Cortes” that between February and June 1936 there had been 113 general strikes, 218 partial strikes, 284 buildings, 171 churches, 69 clubs and 10 newspapers offices burned, and over 3,300 assassinations committed, Casares Quiroga, Premier at the time, jumped to his feet and angrily retorted “You will be held personally responsible for the emotion your speech will cause.”

 

Dolores Ibarruri, a Communist, named “Pasionaria” because of her inflammatory speeches and fanatical actions, was a member of the Spanish Cortes. She jumped to her feet and, pointing her finger at Sotelo, literally screamed: “That man has made his last speech.” She proved to be right. On July 13th, 1936, Senor Calvo Sotelo was dragged from his home by fifteen Assault Guards under command of Captain Don Angel Moreno. He was taken to a near-by churchyard and murdered. It was this event that caused many of the Spanish generals to break their oath to the Grand Orient and ask Franco to take over leadership in Spain. Dolores Ibarruri was a Stalinist agent in Spain. She had been entrusted with the task of corrupting army officials, organizing and directing raids on government armouries, and arming the revolutionary forces in Spain. She performed her various tasks most efficiently.

 

Assault Guards raided the houses of many other prominent anti-communists following Sotelo’s murder, but most of them had been warned and made their escape.

 

On the day of the elections in February 1936, General Franco telephoned General Pozas, who was then in charge of the Civil Guard. He warned him that the Communists elected to the Cortes planned to stir up mob violence in the hope that they could develop a revolutionary effort for the purpose of over-throwing the republican government. General Pozas informed General Franco that he thought his fears were exaggerated. General Franco next telephoned General Molero, the Minister for War. He informed him of the threatening danger. Franco suggested that he be allowed to declare Martial Law, Franco drew up the necessary orders which would give him the authority to prevent excesses and mob violence. Only the signatures of the Council of Ministers were necessary to enable him to preserve law and order, and protect the republican government from revolutionary action. But Portela, who was then acting as premier, pleaded that he was too old to put the Cabinet’s decision into practice. Franco retorted “You have brought Spain to this sorry pass. It is your duty now to try and save her.”

 

General Franco was given orders to proceed to the Canary Islands. The order actually meant his virtual exile from Spain.

 

Before he left, General Franco had a conference with Generals Mole, and Varela. They assured him, they felt certain, that once the other generals who had joined the Grand Orient Military Lodges, knew the truth, most of them would break with the Grand Orient and accept his leadership. Before the meeting broke up a secret means of communication between Mola and Franco had been arranged. Immediately Franco departed for the Canary Islands Stalin’s agents renewed their activities.

 

On June 23rd, 1936, Franco wrote a long letter to the Minister for War in which he once again pointed out specific dangers.!!] But these warnings were ignored as the others had been. It was obvious that the Communist members of the republican government were able to dominate its policy and actions.

 

The murder of Calve Sotelo on July 13th decided Franco. He sent a coded message to the generals who were sworn to fight to save Spain from becoming a Russian satellite state.

 

Amongst those Franco contacted were Mola, Goded, Fanjul, Sanjurjo, Saliquet, some officers of the Spanish Navy, and Queipo de Llano. After the message was sent Franco flew from the Canaries to Tetuan where he knew he could rely upon the loyalty of the Moroccan troops.

 

On July 21st, 1936 Franco issued his proclamation which defined the issue at stake in the least possible number of words. It read: “It is the duty of every man to enter this definite struggle between Russia and Spain.” Thus started the civil war. Professor Unamuno explained the issue in even fewer words. He said: “It is a struggle of Christianity against barbarism.” He should have said “Against Illuminism”.

 

Other evidence was obtained to prove that Stalin’s Comintern plotted to subjugate Spain to bring about a total war between Britain and her allies, on the one side, and Germany and her allies on the other. There is the report of the meeting of the Political Secretariat of the Comintern which took place January 25, 1938. The purpose of the meeting was to discuss ways and means to develop the revolutionary effort in Spain and North Africa. Attending the meeting were representatives of the Profintem, and the Foreign branches of the G.P.U. (The Secret Police). All of Moscow’s most experienced revolutionary leaders were present; Iejov, head of the secret section of the Comintern; Georges Dimitrov of the Reichstag Fire infamy; head of the League of the Godless, and the Free Thinkers League; the then Secretary of the Communist International; Schick, Manuilsky, and Lozovsky of the Profintem; Popescu, Weintrauben, Gourovitch, Liemann, Turrini, Adami, and Valdez, who represented the Soviet of Foreign Affairs in the political bureau of the Comintern (These are the names of men who all took an active part in spreading the sphere of Communist influence around the world in later years). After the meeting opened Dimitrov gave a fiery speech. He denounced the lack of missionary vigour among the special military envoys who had been sent to Spain to help corrupt the Popular Front Government and direct the military operation of the Loyalist armies. Their action he said: “Has not had sufficient stimulus, and revolutionary elan, on the general European masses. The results obtained have not justified the heavy risks taken, THE PRINCIPAL STRUGGLE, WHICH IS TO BRING ABOUT AN ARMED CONFLICT BETWEEN TWO GROUPS OF CAPITALISTIC STATES, HAS NOT BEEN REACHED.” Then he went on to advocate “The Soviet military commandant in Spain should pass under the control of the Comintern emissaries, like the ambassadors, who know how to impregnate him with the necessary revolutionary feeling.”[2]

 

In the Civil War in Spain the propaganda issued at the time convinced the average person that a small group of generals in Spain had organized a revolt to overthrow the Republican Popular Front Government and establish a military dictatorship. The Popular Front Forces named themselves Loyalists. Franco Forces called themselves Nationalists. The Loyalists were comprised of all political factions Left of centre. The Nationalists contained all political factions Right of Centre.

 

The Communists were divided into two groups... those who intended to turn the Proletarian Dictatorship into a Stalinist Totalitarian State, and those who wished to make the Spanish Soviet a unit in the International of Soviet Republics as advocated by the Marxism theory. The Nationalist Forces included men who had sponsored the Carlist movement which, ever since

 

1837, had had as its cause the restoration of the Spanish Throne to the descendants of Don Carlos. The Carlists were located in the Navarre province and they supported Franco’s Nationalist Army simply because they didn’t intend to tolerate Communism in Spain.

 

On the Right also were the Falangists, the extreme Rightists among whom there were undoubtedly quite a number of the German type of Nazi who believed in using Total War to subdue their Leftist enemies. With a situation of this kind it is understandable that those on the Right accused all those on the Left of being Communists, while all those on the Left accused all those Right of centre of being Fascist. Most horrible atrocities, including torture, mutilation, rape, and the execution of thousands of innocent victims, were committed by the Communists as part of the accepted pattern of the Reign of Terror. A few extremists on the Franco side committed atrocities also. All civil wars seem to turn a great number of men into inhuman brutes who descend below the level of brute beasts once the blood lust has been aroused in them. Civil War cannot be justified. Those who advocate revolutionary wars should be executed. The evidence goes to show that the king of Spain in 1931, and General Franco in 1936, did everything in their power to avoid fighting a civil war.

 

Franco did not call upon the citizens of Spain to rally around him until he had exhausted every other means of preventing the Communist coup taking place on July 26th, 1936. The professional Army in Spain had been reduced greatly in numbers. It had been replaced by a National Police Force controlled by the Leftist government. It is extraordinary that Franco’s bid to defeat the Communist plot did not fail, because post-war investigations revealed that in 1936 the armed forces were riddled with traitors, both officers and men, who had been placed in key positions by the agents of Moscow working within the Popular Front Government in Spain. On July 21st, 1936, the Moscow directed organization for taking over the government in Spain was complete.

 

Franco knew that in one day Julio Alvarez del Vayo, who was Foreign Minister in the republican government, and Commissar-General, appointed hundreds of political commissars to the republican army. The majority of these men were Communists. Vayo did this without consulting the Premier. The commissars compelled soldiers to join the Communist Party, offering them advantages, and promotion, if they did, and they threatened persecution by every means in their power if they did not. Luis Araqistain, ex-ambassador of the Spanish Republic in Paris, published this fact in the New York Times May 19th, 1939. It was proved to be true. Indalecio Prieto was Spanish Socialist deputy, and minister of National Defence, during the Spanish Civil War. He helped direct the war against Franco. In a report published in Paris in 1939 entitled: “How and Why I left the Ministry of National Defence”, he said: “It is difficult to be on guard because there are Communists occupying confidential positions who, so as to avoid suspicion, are ordered to hide their affiliation, and sometimes ordered to conceal it by joining other parties. Dr. Juan Negrin was one of these. He was one of the most powerful men in Spain during the Civil War.” Prieto wrote of him: “Because I refused to obey orders from Moscow, Juan Negrin expelled me from the government over which he presided on April 5th, 1938. I occupied the post of Minister of National Defence in his government. Two

 

simultaneous actions were initiated against me; one was entrusted to the Russian secret police, and military men who operated in our country, and the other to the Spanish Communists... The Russians ordered and the Spanish Communists obeyed.”

 

Dr. Juan Negrin claims he was, and is, not a Communist, but it was he who ordered that 7,000 boxes of Spanish gold be delivered to Stalin. The boxes were loaded in the ships “Kine”, “Neve”, and “Volgiles” — All three displayed the Soviet Flag. Jose Velasco, and Arturo Candela, accompanied the shipments as persons of trust to Odessa. Everything was done undercover and other members of the Popular Front government were not cognizant of the situation. During Negrin’s term of office three Communists were appointed as under-secretaries of defence, and thus were the true masters of the republican army, navy, and air force. r3l

 

Largo Caballero was a Communist but, when he refused to obey the order given him by Moscow’s emissaries they overruled his orders even when he was serving his presidential term. When he tried to rectify his own mistakes, he found it was too late. How Moscow’s agents in foreign lands obtain such an absolute control of Leftist leaders is explained by Prieto. He wrote: “The majority of the military commands of the Popular Front government were finally occupied by Communists, and in their hands were the most important reins of power. How could that phenomenon happen? Through a system of coercion graduated between personal advancement for those who bowed their heads, and the murder of those who rebelled.”

 

Theo Rogers in his “Spain; a Tragic Journey” makes reference to the capture of documents which proved beyond doubt that a full scale revolution had been planned to break out in July 1936. Rogers wrote: “Discovery amongst militant Communists, and Anarchists, of documents and plans, showed that a carefully schemed plot had been matured for an outbreak which would upset even the central government in Madrid and establish a Soviet Dictatorship.” The Work of the Illuminati.

 

Roger’s statement was proved to be true. Evidence was produced to prove that both General Franco, and General Mola, knew as early as April 1936 that a Communist coup was planned first for May 1st; then set back to June 29th; and then set back again to July 22nd. The delays were ordered to give those who were entrusted with putting the plan of revolt into effect, more time to complete the final necessary details.

 

The whole world should have known of the Moscow directed plot against Spain because the final orders were intercepted while being passed by the Comintern to the leaders of the revolutionary movement in Spain. The documents were given to the Echo de Paris, which published them in April 1936. The Echo de Paris article reads:

 

“TEXT OF INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE RED MILITIA”

 

“These instructions to the heads of the Spanish Red Militia... do not emanate from a Spanish Central Organization, but from the Technical Services in Paris, which sent them to Spain at that date. These Technical Services are those of the French Communist party, working in close cooperation with the Comintern, and its delegates in France. The document, which we are publishing, is in the hands of the government', we were not the parties who communicated it to them. We are

 

convinced that M. Daladier, Minister of War and Defence, has given orders for preventive measures of defence, and protection, to be taken.”

 

The abbreviated text is as follows:

 

1. Reinforce shock troops and guards in barracks, and supply them with automatic pistols. These shock troops and guards are members of the Communist party sewing in the permanent forces and res ewes.

 

2. These troops will be placed in communication with the Groups who are to break into the barracks. The latter will be in uniform, and under the orders of our officers in whom we have complete confidence.

 

3. When the fight starts our officers will be given admittance with their groups secretly. They will contact the respective committees and carry out the pre-arranged plan of attack inside the barracks.

 

4. The provisional committees, in the barracks, shall renew every two days, their lists of enemies, neutrals, sympathizers, and experts. When the barracks have been taken over, those classed as enemies, including in particular all commanders and officers, shall be rapidly eliminated, and without hesitation.

 

5. Each member of the committees shall be provided with a list of the names of individuals who are to be murdered by himself personally.

 

6. After the enemies have been disposed of, neutrals shall be subjected to severe teats in order to kill in them any hesitation habitual in such undecided characters.

 

7. The committees handling the neutrals will make the necessary arrangements for the vigilance groups outside to enter the barracks on the pretext of assisting to put down the rebellion.

 

8. This has little importance.

 

9. Those detailed to liquidate generals on the active list shall consist of ten men with revolvers.

 

The generals have two adjutants, and a secretary, who must be murdered in their own homes.

 

Those detailed to perform these killings shall not withdraw in face of any obstacle or opposition, and they shall eliminate anyone who opposes them regardless of sex or age.

 

10. Those detailed to eliminate generals not holding command shall consist of three men groups and shall carry out their duties as outlined in preceding paragraph.

 

11 and 12. Details how houses and sites, in strategic positions, must be procured by Communist militants, and secretly armed and fortified in order to ambush troops who may succeed in escaping from barracks. The instructions read: “As military officers have protected cars, groups of our militants must proceed to strategic points such as cross-roads, in cars and trucks; armed with machine guns so as to prevent help reaching those inside the cities. Lorries shall carry supplies of grenades.”

 

13. Our militants shall quickly put on the uniform previously obtained and they shall be served with rifles.

 

14. When the rebellion breaks out our militant groups, wearing uniforms of the Civil Guards, and of the Assault Guard, and equipment already prepared for them, shall arrest all heads of all political parties under pretext of the necessity of doing so for their personal protection. Once in custody the procedure for the elimination of generals not holding command shall be carried out. Uniformed groups shall also arrest and detain important capitalists whose names appear in appendix "B" of Circular No. 32.

 

15. Violence shall not be used against these capitalists except if they resist', they shall however be

 

forced to hand over the balance of the current accounts at the banks, and their securities. In the event of concealment they shall he completely eliminated, including their families, without exception. It is desirable that Cells shall be worked in on their staffs as domestics, or mechanics, as they can be very useful.[4]

 

16. Can be skipped.

 

17. With regard to members of the armed forces who claim to be sympathizers the same tactics shall be followed as was done in Russia. First use their services and then eliminate them as enemies. For our effort to be successful, and permanent, a neutral officer or man is better than one who has betrayed his uniform because his life was in danger. It is likely he would betray us also if provided with the opportunity.

 

18. Instructions to our militia regarding mobilization, movements of transportation, use of anus, and marksmanship, must be intensified. [51

 

 

19. Militia posted at cross roads must eliminate all defeated troops trying to escape.

 

 

20. Machine gun posts shall be located in premises which cover the front and rear of all armouries, police stations, and fire halls and all approaches to, and exits from, the cities, and if, in spite of this, the enemy are able to get out, they shall be attacked with hand-grenades.

 

21. Other militia shall be placed in armoured lorries in strategical positions within the cities not more than one kilometer apart, they also shall be armed with machine guns.

 

 

22. Liaison shall be by light cars, and cyclists, who shall be armed with revolvers.

 

23. Is of no special importance.

 

24. The most intimate details concerning the lives and characters of all neutrals and sympathizers must be obtained and carefully recorded, including their family requirements, and the influence which love of their children, and desire for these necessary requirements, may exercise over them. If any of our militia, or any of the neutrals, and sympathizers, show any kind of weakness, or resistance to orders, they must be denounced to the highest committee of the organization as being guilty of complicity and/or reaction.

 

25. Our militia must be organized to work away from their own homes and localities because experience has taught us that at the last moment, through sentimentalism, men working in their own localities, and amongst their families, and friends, have failed to carry out our plan with proper enthusiasm.

 

26. All owners of depots of goods and merchandise shall be regarded as important capitalists.

 

These depots must be organized to serve the proletariat through the administrative groups.[6]

 

27. Deals with the question of using STARVATION as a means of reducing opposition quickly, and confirms what has been said regarding the use of this weapon in national disputes, and international warfare. It reads: “During the first week, and until the constitution becomes normal the supply of food and drink to the bourgeois is prohibited.”

 

28. Reads - Stock of foods in barracks, and in the hands of our enemies, which cannot be captured, must be rendered useless by mixing paraffin or other substances with them.

 

Since these orders were issued the revolutionary leaders in all countries have been given special instruction to make careful plans to deal with the members of the police and fire-departments because experience has shown that the majority of these civic employees “remain loyal to their bourgeois bosses”. The action recommended is to:

 

1. Infiltrate into the two forces.

 

2. Corrupt the rank and file.

 

3. Party members are urged to purchase or rent properties covering the approaches to both back and front of police stations, and fire halls, so the member, can be eliminated as they change shifts.

 

The hour to revolt is to coincide with the time the police change shifts.

 

 

The orders which were given to the leaders of the Communist party in Spain detailed how they were to take over al 1 public utilities and public services as well as civic administration. The objective was to obtain, in the shortest possible time, full and absolute control of all food supplies, and communication systems.

 

Revolutionary Orders seized at Majorca in October, 1936 were translated by Jacques Bardoux who afterward wrote “Chaos in Spain”. They were on their way to revolutionary leaders in Spain.

 

SPANISH DOCUMENT

 

With the object of being able to control the smallest details of the movement, from the 8th of May, only the link agents will be able to give orders and they will communicate with each other by means of the Cypher E.L.M. 54-22. The local leaders must give verbal instructions to the committee with the help of the following code:

 

1.2.1. Order to begin mobilization.

 

2.1.2. Order to begin the revolt.

 

2.2.1.1.1. Order to attack at pre-determined points.

 

3.3.3. Provide for counter-revolutionaries.

 

2.4.3. Mobilization of trade unions.

 

2.5.5. General strike.

 

2.6.5. Acts of sabotage, i.e. blowing up railway lines, etc.

 

1.3.2. Signal to put off the revolt.

 

1.1.0. Order to provision.

 

1.0. 0. Reorganization is ready.

 

0. 0. Close frontiers and ports.

 

1.1. Execution of those whose names are on the black list.

 

All these orders will be given on the day before the revolt, 1st May or 29th[71, at midnight, from the transmitter installed in the Casa del Pueblo at Madrid, the wave-length of which is nearly the same as that of the Madrid Union Radio.

 

Organization of Madrid:

 

To be divided into the following sections:

 

A.B. Chamartin de la Rosa, H.Q. at the Casa del Pueblo of this district.

 

C.D. Cuatro Caminos, H.Q. at Socialist Club of the district.

 

E.F. Palace District, H.Q. at the printing works of Mundo Obrero.

 

G.H. University District, H.Q. at editorial offices of El Socialista.

 

1. J. Latina District, H.Q. at Casa del Pueblo.

 

M.N. Inclusa District, H.Q. at Socialist centre.

 

N.O. Pardinas District, H.Q. at Garage, at Castello 19.

 

P.Q. Southern District, H.Q. at Socialist Centre of Vallecas.

 

R.S. Carabanchel District, H.Q. at Socialist Club.

 

T.U.V. Centre of Madrid, H.Q. at Casa del Pueblo, Secretary’s.

 

X.Y.Z. Offices Nos. 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 (balcony room).

 

 

Plan of Campaign in Madrid:

 

The revolt will be announced by five bombs let off at dusk. Immediately a Fascist attack on one of the C.N.T. (labour) centres will be faked; then a general strike will be declared and the soldiers and chiefs who support us will rise in revolt. The groups will come into action.

 

Those designated in T.U.V. will take over the Bureau of Communications, the Presidency, and the Ministry of War. Those belonging to the district will attack the Commissariats, and those belonging to the X.Y.Z. Section will take the Bureau of Public Safety.

 

A special group composed exclusively of machine-gunners with hand-grenades will go to the headquarters of the government and attack it by the following routes: Carretas, Montera, Mayor, Correos, Paz, Alcala, Arenal, Preciados, Carmen and San Jeronimo. The groups, composed of fifty cells of ten men each, will act in streets of the second and third order, and of two cells only in those of the first order and in the avenues.

 

The orders are for the immediate execution of all the counter-revolutionaries who have been detained.

 

The republicans of the Popular Front will be asked to support the movement, and in ease of refusal they will be expelled from Spain.

 

FRENCH DOCUMENT Secret.

 

To the Leaders of Groups and Sections:

 

Cell of St. George du Bois, Look-out Station.

 

FIRST GROUP: H.Q. Town Hall. Leader of Group, A. President.

 

First Section: B.

 

4 volunteers

 

5 rifles, 1 revolver, 70 rounds of ammunition for rifle, 20 for revolver, 15 grenades.

 

Second Section: C.

 

6 volunteers

 

4 rifles, 3 revolvers, 70 rounds of ammunition for rifle, 20 for revolver.

 

Third Section: D. Leader, C.

 

4 volunteers for distributing arms and ammunition and for making ammunition. 6 revolvers, 15 cans petrol, 25 cans (5 litres each) reserve, issued to Comrade C.

 

SECOND GROUP: H.Q. Railway Station. Leader, D.E.P.

 

7 volunteers, 8 rifles, 80 rounds of ammunition, 20 sticks of dynamite issued to comrade E.

 

THIRD GROUP: At the Station. Leader, F.E.

 

5 volunteers (2 experts), 6 rifles, 1 revolver, 60 rounds of ammunition for rifle, 20 for revolver, 1,500 metres of insulated telephone wire issued to Comrade F.

 

FOURTH GROUP: (attacking party) H.Q. Basement of Town Hall, Leader G.

 

First Section: H.

 

4 volunteers, 4 rifles, 50 rounds of ammunition, 10 knives, 12 ropes.

 

Second Section: I.

 

4 volunteers, 4 rifles, 50 rounds of ammunition, 10 knives, 10 ropes. Special instructions.

 

SECOND GROUP: Blow up Railway and Fascist convoys.

 

THIRD GROUP: Link immediately Telephone Exchange P.O., Railway Station and Town Hall.

 

To ALL GROUPS: Save ammunition pending arrival of arms and ammunition from the cell at

 

Rochefort.

 

First Group to commander all provisions, animals and fodder pending arrival of instructions from

 

Rochefort for distribution. [81

 

COMRADE PRESIDENT

 

Author’s Comment

 

Recent history has proved that the instructions given by the Illuminati through Moscow for the subjugation of Spain have since been brought up to date, and carried out in all countries in Europe which have been subjugated since 1936. There is no reason to believe that the 5th Column in Canada, and the U.S.A., is less thoroughly organized. The 5th Column is ready to carry out the Illuminati’s orders when those who direct the World Revolutionary movement consider the time opportune. There is ample evidence to prove that the members of the Communist party in Canada, and the U.S.A., have, since 1948, been practising speedy evacuation from large cities and industrial areas so they could be in the country on picnics, and other reasonable excuses, during the initial stages of a Soviet bombing raid. They plan to return and take over while conditions are chaotic and the inhabitants are still in a state of panic.

 

While it is necessary to check Illuminism in Europe and Asia, it will be a tremendous, and costly, error if we fail to realize the full extent of the danger of their 5th Column. We must remove our internal danger or all our plans for civic emergency defence will be useless. We must deal with the enemy within first, then our defence plans, and other matters, will fit smoothly into gear unhampered by traitors and saboteurs. The fact to remember is that Communists are used to start the revolt. Those who lead the Communists then form a dictatorship of the Proletariat, which in turn is taken over by the agentur of the Illuminati.

 

1 The details can be obtained by reading Arrara’s Franco.

 

2 Reported in Gringoire issue February 11th, 1938.

 

3 The theft of this gold is still an international problem in 1955. Franco demands that the Soviets return the gold.

 

4 This order protected the bankers and capitalists who were working as agents of the Illuminati in exactly the same way in which similar order protected the Rothschilds in the French revolution.

 

5 In 1946 the author reported to the proper authorities that.303 rifles had been imported into Canada as scrap; in the same manner Canada’s Cabinet Ministers permitted arms to be shipped to the Middle East as scrap in 1956.

 

6 This order also goes to show the Illuminati are the real leaders of a revolutionary effort. They are always in the top-levels of Governments, Society, Industry and the Armed Forces. The workers, the Mob, are simply the ‘Pawns in the Game’. They are used and then subdued. Prove this to them and the Communist plot will fail. —Author.

 

7 It was after these orders had been issued that the date to revolt was changed to July 22nd.

 

8 The above information was made available to the ‘Free Press of the World’ by Free Lance writers and accredited

 

Глава четырнадцатая Франко

 

Чтобы понять, что произошло в Испании в 1936 году, нужно иметь хотя бы общее представление о том, какого человека на самом деле занимает Франко. Франко вошел в испанскую армию всерьез намереваясь сделать это своей карьерой. Его жизнь в армии читается как роман. Он отличился после того, как был назначен испанским легионом. Он повернул поражение, нанесенное генералу Сильвестру маврами, в окончательную победу. Он не только бесстрашно руководил войсками, но и внушал им большую уверенность из-за своей гениальности в отношении стратегии. Он также заслужил уважение своих врагов из-за своего военного прогресса и своей разумной административной политики в Марокко. Наконец мавры смотрели на него как на почти божественное. Они стали называть его «Победоносец»; «Начальник начальников»; «Храбр как лев». Вышеупомянутые факты объясняют, почему они сплотились вокруг него, когда он попросил их лояльность в июле 1936 года.

 

Франко не упоминается как популярный у своих братских генералов. Однако он проявил уважение большинства из них. Именно этот факт препятствовал превращению правительства Народного фронта в тоталитарную диктатуру.

 

Азана, Кабальеро и Карлос Прието доминировали в правительстве Народного фронта. Сеньор Гил Роблес и Кальво Сотело возглавляли правую оппозицию.

 

Когда Сотело показал в «Кортесе», что в период с февраля по июнь 1936 года произошло 113 всеобщих забастовок, 218 частичных забастовок, 284 здания, 171 церковь, 69 клубов и 10 газетных офисов сожжены, а более 3 300 убийств было совершено, Касарес Кирога, премьер-министр в Время, вскочил на ноги и сердито ответил: «Вы будете лично нести ответственность за эмоции Ваша речь вызовет».

 

Долорес Ибаррури, коммунист, названный «Пасионария» из-за ее подстрекательских речей и фанатичных действий, был членом испанских кортесов. Она вскочила на ноги и, указав пальцем на Сотело, буквально закричала: «Этот человек произнес свою последнюю речь». Она оказалась права. 13 июля 1936 года сеньор Кальво Сотело был вытащен из дома пятнадцатью штурмовыми гвардейцами под командованием капитана дона Анхеля Морено. Его отвезли на ближайший кладбище и убили. Именно это событие заставило многих испанских генералов нарушить клятву перед Великим Востоком и попросить Франко взять на себя руководство Испанией.Долорес Ибаррури была сталинским агентом в Испании.Ей была поручена задача развращать армейских чиновников, организовывать и направлять налеты на правительственные арсеналы и вооружать революционные силы в Испании.Она выполняла свои различные задачи наиболее эффективно.

 

 

Штурмовые гвардейцы напали на дома многих других видных антикоммунистов после убийства Сотело, но большинство из них были предупреждены и убежали.

 

 

В день выборов в феврале 1936 года генерал Франко позвонил генералу Позасу, который тогда был начальником гражданской гвардии. Он предупредил его, что коммунисты, избранные в кортесы, планируют разжечь насилие толпы в надежде на то, что они смогут развить революционные усилия с целью свержения республиканского правительства. Генерал Позас сообщил генералу Франко, что, по его мнению, его опасения преувеличены. Затем генерал Франко позвонил генералу Молеро, военному министру. Он сообщил ему об угрожающей опасности. Франко предложил, чтобы ему разрешили объявить Военное положение, Франко составил необходимые распоряжения, которые давали бы ему право предотвращать эксцессы и насилие толпы. Только подписи Совета министров были необходимы, чтобы он мог сохранять законность и порядок, и защищать республиканское правительство от революционных действий. Но Портела, который тогда выступал в качестве премьера, заявил, что он слишком стар, чтобы претворить в жизнь решение Кабинета министров. Франко возразил: «Вы привели Испанию в этот жалкий проход.Теперь ты должен попытаться спасти ее.

 

 

Генералу Франко был дан приказ перейти на Канарские острова.Заказ фактически означал его фактическое изгнание из Испании.

 

Перед отъездом генерал Франко провел совещание с генералами Молом и Варелой. Они заверили его, они были уверены, что, как только другие генералы, которые присоединились к военным ложам Великого Востока, знали правду, большинство из них порвали с Великим Востоком и приняли его руководство. Перед тем, как собрание распалось, были устроены секретные средства связи между Молой и Франко. Немедленно Франко отправился на Канарские острова. Сталинские агенты возобновили свою деятельность.

 

23 июня 1936 года Франко написал длинное письмо министру войны, в котором он еще раз указал на конкретные опасности.!!] Но эти предупреждения были проигнорированы, как и другие. Было очевидно, что коммунистические члены республиканского правительства могли доминировать над своей политикой и действиями.

 

 

Убийство Кальве Сотело 13 июля решило Франко. Он послал шифрованное сообщение генералам, которые были приведены к присяге, чтобы спасти Испанию от статуса государства-сателлита России.

 

Среди тех, с которыми связывались Франко, были Мола, Годед, Фанджул, Санджурджо, Саликете, некоторые офицеры испанского флота и Квипо де Льяно. После того, как послание было отправлено, Франко вылетел из Канарских островов в Тетуан, где знал, что может рассчитывать на лояльность марокканских войск.

 

21 июля 1936 года Франко издал свое прокламацию, в которой было указано, что вопрос поставлен на карту в наименьшем количестве слов. В нем говорилось: «Каждый человек обязан вступить в эту определенную борьбу между Россией и Испанией».Так началась гражданская война. Профессор Унамуно объяснил проблему еще меньшим количеством слов. Он сказал: «Это борьба христианства против варварства». Он должен был сказать «Против иллюминации».

 

Другие доказательства были получены, чтобы доказать, что Коминтерн Сталина планировал подчинить Испанию, чтобы добиться тотальной войны между Великобританией и ее союзниками, с одной стороны, и Германией и ее союзниками, с другой.Есть отчет о заседании Политического секретариата Коминтерна, которое состоялось 25 января 1938 года. Целью встречи было обсуждение путей и средств для развития революционных усилий в Испании и Северной Африке.На встрече присутствовали представители Profintem и зарубежных филиалов ГПУТайная полиция). Присутствовали все самые опытные революционные лидеры Москвы; Иехов, глава секретного отдела Коминтерна; Жорж Димитров из погрома Рейхстага; Глава Лиги безбожников и Лига свободных мыслителей; Тогдашнего секретаря Коммунистического Интернационала; Шик, Мануильский и Лозовский из «Профинтерна»; Попеску, Вайнтраубен, Гурович, Лиманн, Туррини, Адами и Вальдес, которые представляли Совет иностранных дел в политическом бюро Коминтерна (это имена мужчин, которые все активно участвовали в распространении сферы коммунистического влияния вокруг Мир в последующие годы). После встречи Димитров произнес огненную речь. Он осудил отсутствие миссионерской активности среди специальных военных посланников, которые были отправлены в Испанию, чтобы помочь развратить правительство Народного фронта и направить военную операцию лоялистских армий.Свои действия он сказал: «Не имел достаточного стимула и революционного напряжения в общих европейских массах. Полученные результаты не оправдали больших рисков, ПРИНЦИПИАЛЬНАЯ БОРЬБА, КОТОРАЯ ДОЛЖНА ПРИВЕСТИ К ВООРУЖЕННОМУ КОНФЛИКТУ МЕЖДУ ДВУМЯ ГРУППАМИ КАПИТАЛИСТИЧЕСКИХ ГОСУДАРСТВ, НЕ ДОСТИГЛА». Затем он продолжал выступать за «Советский военный комендант в Испании должен был перейти под контроль эмиссаров Коминтерна, подобно послам, которые знают, как пропитать его необходимым революционным чувством». [2]

 

 

В Гражданской войне в Испании пропаганда, выпущенная в то время, убедила среднего человека в том, что небольшая группа генералов в Испании о<


Поделиться с друзьями:

Своеобразие русской архитектуры: Основной материал – дерево – быстрота постройки, но недолговечность и необходимость деления...

Таксономические единицы (категории) растений: Каждая система классификации состоит из определённых соподчиненных друг другу...

Опора деревянной одностоечной и способы укрепление угловых опор: Опоры ВЛ - конструкции, предназначен­ные для поддерживания проводов на необходимой высоте над землей, водой...

Состав сооружений: решетки и песколовки: Решетки – это первое устройство в схеме очистных сооружений. Они представляют...



© cyberpedia.su 2017-2024 - Не является автором материалов. Исключительное право сохранено за автором текста.
Если вы не хотите, чтобы данный материал был у нас на сайте, перейдите по ссылке: Нарушение авторских прав. Мы поможем в написании вашей работы!

0.528 с.