New York, Gardner Press, 1982.

8. Royce, James E., Alcohol Problems and Alcoholism–A Comprehensive Survey

New York, The Free Press, 1981.

9. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, First Special Report to Congress

on Alcohol and Health. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism,

Rockville, Maryland, December, 1971.

10. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Second Special Report to

Congress on Alcohol and Health. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and

Alcoholism, Rockville, Maryland, June, 1974. 11. U.S. Department of Health and

Human Services, Third Special Report to Congress on Alcohol and Health.

National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Rockville, Maryland, June, 1978.

12. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Fourth Special Report to

Congress on Alcohol and Health. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and

Alcoholism, Rockville, Maryland, January, 1981,

13. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Fifth Special Report to Congress

on Alcohol and Health. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism,

Rockville, Maryland, December, 1983.

 

 

КОНЦЕПЦИЯ БОЛЕЗНИ

 

Существует широкое признание алкоголизма как заболевания. Ниже приведены ссылки на основные работы, использованные для подтверждения этой модели алкоголизма.

14. Davies, D. L., Definitional Issues in Alcoholism. In Alcoholism: Interdisciplinary

Approaches to An Enduring Problem, R. E. Tarter & A.A. Sugerman (Eds).

Reading, Mass., Addison‑Wesley, 1978.

15. Glatt, M. M., "The Question of Moderate Drinking Despite Loss of Control." British

Journal of Addic­tion, 1976, 71, 135‑144.

16. Glatt, M. M., "Alcoholism Disease Concept and Loss of Control Revisited." British

Journal of Addic­tion. 1976, 71, 136‑144.

17. Jelllnek, E. M., The Disease Concept of Alcoholism. New Haven, Conn., College

And University Press, in association with Hillhouse Press, New Brunswick, N.J., 1980.

18. Keller, M., "On the Loss of Control Phenomena in Alcoholism." British Journal of

Addiction, 1972, 87, 163‑186.

19. Knott, David H., M.D., Ph. D., Alcohol Problems Diagnosis and Treatment. New

York, Pergamon Press, 1986.

20. Milam, James,    The Emergent Comprehensive Concept of Alcoholism. Kirkland,

Wa., ACA Press.

 

21. Mllam, James R. and Ketchum, Katherine, Under the Influence–A Guide to the

Myths and Re­alities of Alcoholism. Seattle, Washington, Madrona Publishers,

1981.

22. Rush. B., An inquiry into the effects of ardent spirits upon the human body and mind;

With an account of the means of preventing and of the remedies for curing them.

[17857]. Brookfield, Mass., Merriam (8th edn.)

 

Концепция зависимости как болезни принимается не всеми. Главные критики модели заболевания исходят из того, что в указанных выше источниках не сводятся воедино биологические, психологические и социальные факторы. Высказываются также сомнения в том, что у некоторых из проблемно пьющих людей наличествует собственно зависимость, утверждается, что концепция болезни либо игнорирует таких людей, либо безосновательно навешивает на них ярлыки и необъективно подходит к ним. Далее следуют названия некоторых из работ, критикующих концепцию алкоголизма как заболевания.

23. Maisto, S. A., & Schefft. B. K., The Constructs for Cravings for Alcohol and Lost of

Control Drinking: Help or Hindrance to Research. In Addictive Behaviors. 1977. 2.

207‑217.

24. Marlatt, G. A., Craving for Alcohol, Loss of Control and Relapse: A Cognitive‑

Behavioral Analysis. In Alcoholism: New Directions In Behavioral Research and

Treatment, Nathan, P. E., Marlatt, G. A. and Lobers T. (eds.). New York, Plenum,

1978.

25. Mello, N. K., Behavioral Studies in Alcoholism. In The Biology of Alcoholism

(Vol. 2), B. Kissin and H. Begleiter (eds.). New York, Plenum, 1972.

26. Pattison, E. M., Sobell, M. B., Sobell, L. C. (eds.), Emerging Concepts of Alcohol

Dependence. New York, Springer, 1977.

27. Robinson, D., "The Alcohologist's Addiction: Some Implications of Having Lost

Control Over the Disease Concept of Alcoholism," Quarterly Journal of Studios on

Alcohol. 1972, 33, 1028‑1042,

 

АЛКОГОЛИЗМ И ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКАЯ ПРЕДРАСПОЛОЖЕННОСТЬ

Доказано, что в появлении алкоголизма играет свою роль фактор наследственности. В настоящее время продолжаются исследования в этой области. Каково генетическое влияние, способствующее повышенной подверженности алкоголизму? В перечисленных ниже работах подытоживаются результаты последних исследований.

28. Goodwin, Donald, Is Alcoholism Hereditary? New York, Oxford University Press.

1978.

29. Goodwin, D. W., "Genetics of Alcoholism, Substance and Alcohol Actions/Misuse."

Clinical Science Review: 1:101‑117, 1980.

30. Grove, William M., & Cadoret, Remi J., Genetic Factors In alcoholism. In The

Biology of Alcoholism. Volume 7. The Pathogenesis of Alcoholism ‑ Biological

Factors, Kissin, Benjamin and Begleiter, Henn, (eds.). New York, Plenum Press,

1983.

31. Leiber, C. S., "The Metabolism of Alcohol," Scientific American. March 1976.

32. Leiber, C. S., Hasumara, Y., Teschke, R., Matsuzaki, S., and Korsten, M., "The Effect  

of Chronic Ethanol Consumption on Acetaldehyde Metabolism," in The Role of

Acetafdehyda In the Actions of Ethanol, ed. K. 0. Lindros and C. J. P. Ericksson

(Helsinki: Finnish Foundation for Alcohol Studies, Vol. 23. 1975).

33. Leiber. C. S., and Dicarli, L. M., "The Role of the Hepatic Microsomal Ethanot

Oxidizing System (MEOS) for Ethanol Metabolism in Vivo," Journal of

Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. Vol. 181 (1972).

34. Schuckitt, Marc A., and Rayses, V., "Ethanol Ingestion: Differences in Blood

Acetaldehyde Concentra­tions in Relatives of Alcoholics and Controls," Science, Vol.  

203 (1979).

35. Shuchitt. Marc A., Li Ting Kai., Clonninger, C. Robert Deitrich, Richard A., "The

Genetics of Al­coholism – A Summary of the Proceedings of a Conference Convened

at the University of California, Davis." Reported in Alcoholism: Clinical and

Experimental Research, Vol. 9, No, 6, pg. 476‑492, November/December 1985.

36. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Fifth Special Report to the U.S.

Congress on Alcohol and Health from the Secretary of Health and Human

Services. National Institute on Al­cohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Rockville, Maryland,

December, 1983. Pgs. 15‑24,

37. US Journal of Drug and Alcohol Dependence, Alcohol Tolerance Different in CoA