Ask a question according to the model working in pairs. Use the Indefinite Tenses .

ВВЕДЕНИЕ

Методические указания "Грамматика английского языка в упражне-ниях для судоводителей" предназначены для курсантов младших курсов специальности 26.05.05 "Судовождение".

Данные методические указания нацелены на формирование языковой компетенции у курсантов-судоводителей.

Указания включают комплексы упражнений, направленные на разви-тие грамматических навыков по следующим темам: страдательный залог, согласование времен, косвенная речь и эквиваленты модальных глаголов.

Упражнения основываются, главным образом, на использовании обще-морской и специальной лексики.

Данные методические указания могут быть использованы как в ауди-торной, так и в самостоятельной работе.

THE PASSIVE VOICE

СТРАДАТЕЛЬНЫЙ ЗАЛОГ

В страдательном залоге (the Passive Voice) подлежащим является лицо (или предмет), над которым совершается действие, тогда как в дей-ствительном залоге (the Active Voice) лицо (или предмет), находящееся на месте подлежащего, само совершает действие.

The Active Voice	The Passive Voice
The dockers loaded the cargo. Докеры погрузили груз.	The cargo was loaded by the dockers. Груз был погружен докерами.

Сказуемое в страдательном залоге образуется из вспомогательного глагола to be в необходимом времени, числе, лице и третьей формы смыслового глагола V₃(причастия прошедшего времени).

V₃– третья форма глагола: ask ed, pass ed, broken, written.

Passive Voice

	Indefinite	Continuous	Perfect
Present	am are      + V3 is	am are      + being + V3 is	has        + been + V3 have
Past	was  + V3 were	was + being + V3 were	had              + been + V3
Future	will be + V3		will have     + been + V3

Времена в страдательном залоге употребляются также как и в дейст-вительном залоге.

	Indefinite	Continuous	Perfect
Present	This hold is always sealed.   Этот трюм всегда опечатывают.	The lecture is being listened to with interest now! Лекцию слушают c интересом сейчас!	The cargo has just been delivered.   Груз только что доставили.
Past	The key was found yesterday. Вчера нашли ключ.	The storm warningwas being transmitted at 5 pm yesterday. В 5 вечера вчера передавали штормо-вое предупреждение.	The containershad been unloaded by noon. К полудню контей-неры разгрузили.
Future	He will not be asked about the documents tomorrow. Завтра его не спро-сят о документах.		The holds will have been checked before the agent comes. Трюмы проверят до того, как при-дет агент.

THE INDEFINITE TENSES

Ask a question according to the model working in pairs. Use the Indefinite Tenses.

is / am / are + V3 was / were + V3 will be + V3

 

- This inspector is always waited for.

- Really? Is he always waited for?

 

- America was discovered by Columbus.

- Really? Was America discovered by Columbus?

 

- The weather report will be received in an hour.

- Really? Will the weather report be received in an hour?

 

1. The radiogram was sent yesterday.

2. The port will be approached tomorrow.

3. The cabins are often searched.

4. The ice-breaker will be followed by the caravan next week.

5. The ship was equipped with modern devices last year.

6. All the sails are never set in the port.

7. Radio was invented by Popov.

8. The cargo will be delivered in 2 days.

9. He is sometimes asked about that fire.

10. The documents were examined some days ago.

11. This equipment will be installed next month.

12. We are taught Navigation three times a week.

Make up possible sentences.

1. The captain 2. The pilot 3. The ship 4. The seamen 5. The holds 6. The bridge

will be taken were ordered will be searched is called was equipped are loaded

by the customs officers. by the Harbour Master. with timber. all hands job. on board at the port entrance. with modern instruments.

Complete the following sentences using the necessary grammar tense.

- The cargo… on deck yesterday (to load).

- The cargo was loaded on deck yesterday.

 

1. The transmitter … usually … by our radio operator (to tune).

2. I … by the captain 10 minutes ago (to call).

3. This floating crane … often … (to use).

4. The course … in half an hour (to alter).

5. The ice-breaker … by some cargo ships last week (to follow).

6. The port … always … by day (to enter).

7. The cargo … on deck in our last voyage (to stow).

8. We … at the gangway by the watch officer tomorrow (to meet).

9. The coast … never … at night (to approach).

10. A navigational warning … in 5 minutes (to receive).

11. A life-boat … half an hour ago (to launch).

12. The ship … by the very experienced captain last year (to navigate).

THE PERFECT TENSES

Present	The cargo (The containers)	has been loaded (have been loaded)	recently.
Past		had been loaded	by 6 pm yesterday.
Future		will have been loaded	before the inspectors come.

Fill in the table.

1. The pilot	?	just	been	taken	on board.
2. He	had	?	informed	about the storm	by 6 pm yesterday.
3. They	will	have	?	examined by the doctor	before they reach the port.
4. The charts	have	been	corrected	by the third mate	?
5. We	?	have	been	told about the voyage	by tomorrow.
6. The captain	?	been	seen	on the bridge	before the ship entered the lock.
7. The documents	will	?	been	signed	by midday.
8. The cargo	has	already	?	loaded	on deck.

THE CONTINUOUS TENSES

Fill in the table.

1. The holds	?	being	searched	now.
2. The master	was	?	questioned about the collision	the whole day yesterday.
3. The bridge	was	being	equipped with modern instruments	?
4. The decks	are	being	?	today.
5. The documents	?	being	examined	now.
6. The compass	was	being	?	from 5 till 6 yesterday.
7. The port cranes	were	?	illuminated	the whole evening.
8. The visitors	are	being	shown round the ship	?

THE MODAL VERBS

can may must should

+ be + V3

Make up possible sentences.

1. The crew		be repaired by the port specialists.
2. The ship	can	be asked about this problem.
3. The radar	may	be replaced soon.
4. The captain	must	be called immediately.
5. The hull	should	be painted.
6. The boatswain		be evacuated by helicopter.
7. The bridge		be written about.

REVISION

THE SEQUENCE OF TENSES

СОГЛАСОВАНИЕ ВРЕМЕН

Согласование времен в английском языке предполагает употребление сказуемого в придаточном предложении в одном из прошедших времен, если сказуемое в главном предложении стоит в прошедшем времени. Если сказуемое в главном предложении выражено глаголом в настоящем или будущем времени, сказуемое в придаточном предложении употребляется
в любом времени.

1. We know that he navigates a tanker. Мы знаем, что он управляет танке-ром (обычно).	1. We knew that he navigated a tanker. Мы знали, что он управляет танке-ром (обычно).
2. We know that he is navigating a tanker. Мы знаем, что он управляет танке-ром (сейчас).	2. We knew that he was navigating a tanker. Мы знали, что он управляет танке-ром (сейчас).
3. We know that he navigated a tanker. Мы знаем, что он управлял танке-ром.	3. We knew that he had navigated a tanker. Мы знали, что он управлял танке-ром.
4. We know that he has navigated a tanker. Мы знаем, что он управлял танке-ром (уже).	4. We knew that he had navigated a tanker. Мы знали, что он управлял танке-ром (уже).
5. We know that he will navigate a tanker. Мы знаем, что он будет управлять танкером.	5. We knew that he would navigate a tanker. Мы знали, что он будет управлять танкером.

Соблюдая согласование времен (в случае, если сказуемое в главном предложении выражено глаголом в прошедшем времени), в придаточном предложении для выражения настоящего времени используются the Past Indefinite Tense или the Past Continuous Tense, прошедшего времени – the Past Perfect Tense, будущего времени – the Future - in - the - Past.

The Future - in - the - Past (будущее неопределенное время в прошедшем) употребляется в придаточных дополнительных предложениях, когда ска-зуемое главного предложения выражено глаголом в прошедшем времени. The Future - in - the - Past образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола should (would) и инфинитива смыслового глагола без частицы to и перево-дится на русский язык глаголом в будущем времени.

1. Я был уверен, что он рабо -тает агентом.	I was sure that he worked as an agent. I was sure that he was working as an agent.
2. a) Мы не знали, что при-шел инспектор. b) Мы знали, что агент уже был на судне.	a) We didn't know that the inspector had come. b) We knew that the agent had already been on the ship.
3. Он думал, что судно зайдет в этот порт.	He thought that the ship would call at this port.

1. Use the Sequence of Tenses. The Present Indefinite Tense → the Past Indefinite Tense.

- The vessel often calls at this port.

- I thought that the vessel often called at this port.

 

1. The agent delivers provisions on board our ship.

2. Two tugs tow the ship out of the harbour.

3. The dockers unload the cargo.

4. The chief mate keeps watch from 4 till 8.

5. The ship is underway.

6. We work hard at our English.

7. The engineer repairs our generator.

8. The seamen usually go ashore in a foreign port.

9. They catch only crabs.

10. The watch officer usually meets visitors at the gangway.

11. The watch officer always checks the ship's stability.

12. He often plots the ship's course on the chart.

13. This declaration is usually signed.

14. They are often waited for.

2. Use the Sequence of Tenses. The Present Continuous Tense → the Past Continuous Tense.

- He is keeping watch on the bridge.

- I was sure that he was keeping watch on the bridge.

 

1. The second mate is reading a navigational warning.

2. The other ship is moving slowly.

3. The seamen are looking for the Harbour Master office.

4. They are leaving the ship.

5. Our ship is reducing speed.

6. He is tuning the receiver.

7. They are transmitting weather reports.

8. The captain is talking to the pilot.

9. We are altering our course.

10. The third mate is watching the radar display.

11. The cadets are painting the superstructure.

12. They are launching a life-boat.

13. The ice-breaker is being followed by five ships.

3. Use the Sequence of Tenses. The Present Perfect Tense → the Past Perfect Tense.

- They have altered the course.

- He didn't know that they had altered the course.

 

1. I have already found the solution.

2. The pilot has just come on board.

3. The visitors have waited long.

4. They have hoisted the national flag.

5. Our engineer has already repaired the main engine.

6. Heavy storm has delayed ship's arrival.

7. My friend has graduated from the Maritime Institute recently.

8. We have already battened down all the hatches.

9. Their ship has reduced the speed.

10. He has already taken bearing of the coastal object.

11. We have stowed the cargo in the holds lately.

12. The ferry has just arrived at the port of destination.

13. The message has already been received.

4. Use the Sequence of Tenses. The Past Indefinite Tense → the Past Perfect Tense.

- They met on the quay.

- The watch officer believed that they had met on the quay.

 

1. Our vessel looked for shelter.

2. They avoided the underwater rock.

3. The agent delivered the documents to the port of departure.

4. The discharging was very slow.

5. There was some water in the hold.

6. Our ship was towed to the nearest port.

7. Their vessel reached the Cape of Good Hope.

8. I saw the necessary chart.

9. All the papers were prepared for the port authorities.

10. The ship passed through the Strait of Dover.

11. We spoke with the inspector.

12. They approached the port of call in the evening.

13. Their vessel entered the Gulf of Finland.

5. Use the Sequence of Tenses. The Future Indefinite Tense → the Future-in-the-Past.

- They will deliver the cargo in time.

- He was told that they would deliver the cargo in time.

 

1. All the seamen will stay on board.

2. Their engineers will repair the compass.

3. The fish will be loaded in the holds.

4. The storm will be over soon.

5. It will be difficult to solve this problem.

6. She will meet him on the quay.

7. Our doctor will be sent for.

8. The second mate will plot the course of the ship in 5 minutes.

9. The wind will increase soon.

10. She will study all the documents.

11. The cadets will not go ashore.

12. Our vessel will sail through the Strait of Gibraltar.

INDIRECT SPEECH

КОСВЕННАЯ РЕЧЬ

Direct speech	Indirect speech
The watch officer said: "I will take bearing of this object". Вахтенный помощник сказал: "Я возьму пеленг этого объекта".	The watch officer said that he would take bearing of that object. Вахтенный помощник сказал, что он возьмет пеленг этого объекта.

При переводе прямой речи в косвенную речь необходимы следующие изменения:

Таблица 1

Direct speech	Indirect speech
this →	that
these →	those
here →	there
now →	then
today →	that day
this week →	that week
this year →	that year
yesterday →	the day before
last week →	a week before
ago →	before
in →	later
next →	following
last →	previous
tomorrow →	the next day

Согласование времен также предполагает употребление в косвенной речи следующих изменений:

Таблица 2

Direct speech	Indirect speech
am / is →	was
are →	were
don't / doesn't →	didn't
didn't →	had not
have / has →	had
was / were →	had been
will / won't →	would / wouldn't
can / can't →	could / couldn't
may →	might

Особенности перевода прямой речи в косвенную речь также зависят от типа предложения.

1. Если прямая речь – повествовательное предложение, то косвен-ная речь становится придаточным предложением с союзом that (союз that может отсутствовать). В словах автора said to somebody заменяют на told somebody, а said без последующего дополнения сохраняют. Употребление сказуемого в словах автора в прошедшем времени влечет за собой приме-нение правила согласования времен (Таблица 2). Также производятся изме-нения местоимений и т. д. (Таблица 1).

He said to us: " I have already plotted this course".

He told us that he had already plotted that course.

 

2. Если прямая речь представляет собой общий вопрос, то косвенная речь становится придаточным предложением с союзом if (whether). Кроме того, обратный порядок слов изменяется на прямой порядок слов.

He asked me: " Are you approaching the port?"

He asked me if we were approaching the port. (Он спросил меня, приближаемся ли мы к порту.)

 

3. Если прямая речь представляет собой специальный вопрос, то кос-венная речь становится придаточным предложением, в котором союзом будет являться вопросительное слово (when, where, why, who и т. д.). Обратный порядок слов изменяется на прямой порядок слов.

He asked me: " Where did they find the shelter?"

He asked me where they had found the shelter.

 

4. Если прямая речь выражена глаголом в повелительном наклоне-нии, то в косвенной речи этот глагол употребляется в форме инфинитива.
В словах автора said to somebody заменяют на asked somebody,если
в прямой речи присутствует вежливая просьба(please), в других случаях said to somebody заменяют на told somebody (ordered somebody).

 

a) He said to me: " Sign this document, please".

He asked me to sign that document.

b) He said to us: " Don't open the hatches".

He told us not to open the hatches.

He ordered us not to open the hatches.

Use Indirect Speech.

A

1. I said to them: "The visibility is only 500 metres now".

2. The captain said to him: "You will keep watch twice a day".

3. She said: "We are leaving this port tomorrow".

4. The inspector said to me: "I have checked all the papers today".

5. The agent said: "I ordered the provisions yesterday".

6. He said to me: "There are some dangerous rocks and reefs here".

7. The pilot said to the captain: "We must be careful in this narrow channel".

8. They said: "Fresh water is delivered regularly".

9. I said to the watch officer: "I saw something on the sea surface".

10. He said: "I am reducing the ship's speed in 10 minutes".

11. The master said: "We can communicate with this ship".

12. The chief engineer said: "The boiler was repaired".

B

1. He asked me: "Do you know the type of this vessel?"

2. They asked us: "Have you signed these documents?"

3. The captain asked them: "Did the boatswain tell you to do this work?"

4. The pilot asked me: "Are you on watch now?"

5. The passengers asked her: "Is the ship approaching the Spanish coast?"

6. The inspector asked him: "Did you see this log-book?"

7. I asked the agent: "Can you call a taxi now?"

8. She asked me: "Will you show me these declarations?"

9. The master asked the crewmembers: "Have you got any questions about the duties on board?"

10. I asked him: "Are you going to stay here long?"

11. The pilot asked the watch officer: "Do you know the weather forecast?"

12. She asked me: "Did you learn English at the University?"

C

1. The master asked me: "Where is the letter from the Shipping Company?"

2. I asked the pilot: "Who will relieve you?"

3. The watch officer asked the captain: "What are your orders now?"

4. The agent asked me: "When can I bring you these documents?"

5. The visitors asked the watch officer: "Where was the ship built?"

6. The customs officer asked us: "What cargo have you got in the holds?"

7. The inspector asked the captain: "When will you show me the life-saving appliances?"

8. The ship owner asked the master: "Why did you sign this paper?"

9. The radio officer asked me: "When will you be able to show these navigational warnings to the captain?"

10. He asked the dockers: "How can you load these containers?"

11. I asked the watch officer: "How many crewmembers are there on board?"

12. The chief engineer asked me: "Why have they delivered the new machinery today?"

D

1. The captain said to me: "Keep the present course!"

2. I said to him: "Be careful, please!"

3. The agent said to us: "Don't take any documents with you!"

4. They said to me: "Don't be late, please!"

5. I said to the watch officer: "Call the doctor as quick as possible, please!"

6. We said to him: "Show us the navigational equipment!"

7. The pilot said to the master: "Don't alter the course!"

8. The inspector said: "Mister Smith, sign this paper here, please!"

9. I said: "Nick, give me these books!"

10. She said to me: "Tell me the time of the ship's arrival, please!"

11. He said: "Mister Simpson, don't switch on any devices here!"

12. They said to him: "Study English!"

TO HAVE TO and TO BE TO

To have to как эквивалент модального глагола must выражает вынуж-денную необходимость совершения действия в силу обстоятельств и пере-водится на русский язык приходится, вынужден, должен. Эквивалент
to have to употребляется в настоящем, прошедшем и будущем временах.

to have to →

have to has to   had to   will have to

 

Present Indefinite	Past Indefinite	Future Indefinite
1. They have to repair these devices. (Им приходится ремонтировать эти приборы.)   He has to repair these devices.	1. They had to repair these devices. (Им пришлось ре-монтировать эти приборы.)	1. They will have to repair these devices. (Им придется ремон-тировать эти приборы.)
2. They don't have to repair these devices. He doesn't have to repair these devices.	2. They didn't have to repair these devices.	2. They won't have to repair these devices.
3. Do they have to repair these devices? Does he have to repair these devices?	3. Did they have to repair these devices?	3. Will they have to repair these devices?

Make up some sentences.

1. I 2. The seamen 3. The captain 4. The inspector 5. The navigators 6. The ship 7. The cadets

is to is not to are to are not to am to am not to

clean the deck. enter the port in 3 days. be on the bridge. keep watch. unload the cargo. paint the hull. check the documents.

Ask a special question.

1. We are to meet our visitors at the gangway. – Where?

2. They had to replace this device. – Why?

3. You are to work with the boatswain. – Where?

4. The agent was to arrive at 6 o'clock. – When?

5. The captain will have to change the course. – Why?

6. He had to take into a lifeboat. – Why?

7. I am to perform the duties of the watch officer. – Where?

8. She is to contact the radio station. – When?

9. They have to wash the deck every day. – Why?

10. The chief mate will have to give such an order. – What order?

Ask a special question.

1. We were able to get underway. – When?

2. He will be able to repair this device. – What device?

3. They are able to prepare for the voyage. – How?

4. He managed to batten down the porthole. – How?

5. I was able to make up the documents. – What?

6. She will manage to pass this exam. – What exam?

7. The officer will be able to tell the visitors about the ship. – When?

8. The explorers managed to land. – Where?

9. He was able to repair this device. – How?

10. The captain will manage to solve this problem with the port authorities. – What problem?

11. I managed to come on board in time.– How?

12. We will be able to avoid the danger. – What?

TO BE ALLOWED TO

To be allowed to [q'laud] – эквивалент модального глагола may – имеет значение иметь разрешение делать что-либо и применяется в различных временах, в том числе в the Past Indefinite Tense, the Future Indefinite Tense и в the Present Indefinite Tense.

1. The seamen were allowed to go ashore.	Морякам разрешили сойти на берег.
2. The seamen will be allowed to go ashore.	Морякам разрешат сойти на берег.
3. The seamen are allowed to go ashore.	Морякам разрешают сойти на берег.

Ask a special question.

1. He will be allowed to come to this lecture. – When?

2. They were allowed to do the city. – Why?

3. We are allowed to stay in the chartroom. – Where?

4. The ship will be allowed to call at this port. – When?

5. The watch officer is allowed to contact the shore station. – What station?

6. I was allowed to take this exam again. – How?

7. She will be allowed to use radio telephone. – Why?

8. The ship is allowed to get underway. – How?

9. The seamen were allowed to go ashore. – When?

10. The second mate will be allowed to take the visitors to the bridge. – Where?

11. I am allowed to use this computer here. – Where?

12. The agent was allowed to see some documents. – What documents?

REVISION

Can (could)		May	Must
is / am / are able to	manage(s) to	is / am / are allowed to	have to has to	is / am / are to
was / were able to	managed to	was / were allowed to	had to	was / were to
will be able to	will manage to	will be allowed to	will have to

1. Use the necessary modal verb or its equivalent.

1. The explorers had not enough fresh water, so they … obtain it from icebergs.

2. Our next port of call is Portsmouth. We … arrive at this port on Tuesday.

3. Our captain is an experienced navigator. When he comes on board tomorrow, he … solve this problem.

4. We … get any data in that library, while we were working at our reports.

5. They … not … reach their port of destination in time due to foggy and cloudy weather.

6. We have provisions only for 3 days, so we … refresh them at the nearest port.

7. The Indians had no fire-arms, so they … not … hamper the course of the Spaniards.

8. The seamen stayed on the island for 1 week and … describe it in details.

9. They … arrange the new expedition to North Pole next year.

10. When … we … anchor at the entrance to the port? – In 2 hours.

11. Why … they … force their way through the ice packs in their last voyage?

12. Where … the explorers … come across huge icebergs?

13.  He was very clever, he … devise a new way of sending messages.

СПИСОК ИСПОЛЬЗОВАННОЙ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ

1. Практическая грамматика английского языка для моряков: рабочая тетрадь / автор-сост. Н. А. Гогина. – 2-е изд. – М.: Транслит, 2013. – 224 с.

2. Dooley, J. Grammarway 3 / J. Dooley, V. Evans. – 2^nd impression. – Newbury, Berkshire: Express Publishing, 2007. – 272 p.

3. Swan, M. Oxford English Grammar Course. Basic / M. Swan, C. Walter. – Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011. – 362 p.

 

ВВЕДЕНИЕ

Методические указания "Грамматика английского языка в упражне-ниях для судоводителей" предназначены для курсантов младших курсов специальности 26.05.05 "Судовождение".

Данные методические указания нацелены на формирование языковой компетенции у курсантов-судоводителей.

Указания включают комплексы упражнений, направленные на разви-тие грамматических навыков по следующим темам: страдательный залог, согласование времен, косвенная речь и эквиваленты модальных глаголов.

Упражнения основываются, главным образом, на использовании обще-морской и специальной лексики.

Данные методические указания могут быть использованы как в ауди-торной, так и в самостоятельной работе.

THE PASSIVE VOICE

СТРАДАТЕЛЬНЫЙ ЗАЛОГ

В страдательном залоге (the Passive Voice) подлежащим является лицо (или предмет), над которым совершается действие, тогда как в дей-ствительном залоге (the Active Voice) лицо (или предмет), находящееся на месте подлежащего, само совершает действие.

The Active Voice	The Passive Voice
The dockers loaded the cargo. Докеры погрузили груз.	The cargo was loaded by the dockers. Груз был погружен докерами.

Сказуемое в страдательном залоге образуется из вспомогательного глагола to be в необходимом времени, числе, лице и третьей формы смыслового глагола V₃(причастия прошедшего времени).

V₃– третья форма глагола: ask ed, pass ed, broken, written.

Passive Voice

	Indefinite	Continuous	Perfect
Present	am are      + V3 is	am are      + being + V3 is	has        + been + V3 have
Past	was  + V3 were	was + being + V3 were	had              + been + V3
Future	will be + V3		will have     + been + V3

Времена в страдательном залоге употребляются также как и в дейст-вительном залоге.

	Indefinite	Continuous	Perfect
Present	This hold is always sealed.   Этот трюм всегда опечатывают.	The lecture is being listened to with interest now! Лекцию слушают c интересом сейчас!	The cargo has just been delivered.   Груз только что доставили.
Past	The key was found yesterday. Вчера нашли ключ.	The storm warningwas being transmitted at 5 pm yesterday. В 5 вечера вчера передавали штормо-вое предупреждение.	The containershad been unloaded by noon. К полудню контей-неры разгрузили.
Future	He will not be asked about the documents tomorrow. Завтра его не спро-сят о документах.		The holds will have been checked before the agent comes. Трюмы проверят до того, как при-дет агент.

THE INDEFINITE TENSES

Ask a question according to the model working in pairs. Use the Indefinite Tenses.

is / am / are + V3 was / were + V3 will be + V3

 

- This inspector is always waited for.

- Really? Is he always waited for?

 

- America was discovered by Columbus.

- Really? Was America discovered by Columbus?

 

- The weather report will be received in an hour.

- Really? Will the weather report be received in an hour?

 

1. The radiogram was sent yesterday.

2. The port will be approached tomorrow.

3. The cabins are often searched.

4. The ice-breaker will be followed by the caravan next week.

5. The ship was equipped with modern devices last year.

6. All the sails are never set in the port.

7. Radio was invented by Popov.

8. The cargo will be delivered in 2 days.

9. He is sometimes asked about that fire.

10. The documents were examined some days ago.

11. This equipment will be installed next month.

12. We are taught Navigation three times a week.